句法基础知识

句法基础知识一、句子的成分句子是一个完整的意义单位，一个完整的英语句子至少由两部分组成（祈使句除外）：主语 和谓语。除此之外，句子成分还有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语和独立成分。瞩 输鹏钐瘗琳历庑赖酬。（一）主语1. Tom is the tallest boy in our class. 2. They are playing football. 3. Five added to eight makes thirteen. 4. To do that is our job. 5. Smoking is bad for your health. 6. Whether he comes or not is a question. 7. The young should look after the old. 8. The injured should be taken care of here. 9. The living should cherish their life. 从以上例句中，我们可以归纳出：主语通常由等担任。（二）谓语a. 谓语由动词或动词短语担任，具有各种时态、语态的变化。1. I went to Paris last summer.2. I have been waiting for you all morning.3. The children were playing in the garden.你能判断出以上句子中的谓语动词以及动词的时态吗？b. 有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成。1. The girl felt cold.2. He is a teacher.c. 有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成。1. We must be careful.2. Can you speak French?d. 如果不及物动词作谓语，不可直接接宾语，但可加介词再跟宾语。1. Dont cry!2. Listen to me carefully!（三）表语表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。1. My mother is a teacher.2. Its me. 3. You look beautiful in red. 4. Our class is the first in the sports meeting. 5. The class is over. 6. Your ideas are out of date now. 7. Our plan is to make him a super star. 8. Her hobby is painting. 9. We are completely tired after a days work. 10. My advice is that you should do exercises every day. 从以上例句中，我们可以归纳出：表语通常由 担任。（四）宾语a.宾语放在及物动词的后面，表示动作的对象或内容，常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、 动名词或从句等担任。坛搏乡忏蒌金契铃跻最1. I love our country.2. I love swimming.3. I suggest we should finish the work as soon as possible.4. I want to go skating.5. If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.6. Would you mind opening the door?双宾语许多及物动词后可以有两个宾语（双宾语）：直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语表示动作的承受者，通常是物；间接宾语表示对谁或为谁做，通常是人。可以接双宾语的动词有：give、show、send、bring、lend、tell、return teach、make、buy撷凄届斌1. I lent Tom a book yesterday.直接宾语是间接宾语是2. Kate bought her father a birthday gift.直接宾语是间接宾语是c.介词宾语：除了动词有宾语以外，介词后也跟宾语。1. She has to look after her little sister.2. He was interested in collecting stamps.（五）定语定语是修饰和限定名词或代词的词，表示被修饰词的所属、性质、数量等。定语一般位于所 限度的词之前，其数和格必须与所限度的词相一致。名麦镝砌鹏踪韦辚翟飙钪。1. She is a responsible girl. 2. His name is Li Lei. 3. We have four lessons in the morning. 4. Every student has pocket money nowadays. 5. There are a lot of things to be done. 6. The book on the desk is mine. 7. Look at the man sitting on the rock. 8. We visited a retired worker. 9. The rooms above are decorated well. 10. The car that is parked outside is mine. 从以上例句中，我们可以归纳出：定语通常由 担任。鲨弩逾诎神.沏新充庸摇 （六）状语