模块一重点单词与短语及句型

模块一重点单词、短语及句型【第一部分 复习回顾】 短语 句子1. turn up 2. a waste of time 3. try to do sth 4. force sb to do sth 5. spend time (in) doing sth 6. be supposed to do sth 7. in charge 8. shout at 9. pay attention to 10. give sb a chance to do sth 11. instead of 12. be hard on sb 13. now that 14. be rude to sb 15. feel like doing sth16. be different from sth 17. in the form of 18. a little bit 19. think of 20. searchfor 21. deserve to do sth 22. be proud of 23. stay up 24. mix upwith 25. ask for sth 26. stop doing sth 27. mean to do sth 28. keep in mind 29. tidy up 30. be angry with 31. clean up 32. a bit of 33. at all 34. invite sb to do sth 35be busy with sth 36. used to do sth 37. be used to do sth 38. be .used to doing sth 39. refuse to do sth 40. as though 41. insist on 42. prevent sb from doing sth 43. forbid sb from doing sth 44. argue about sth with sb 45. allow sb to do sth 46. do with 47. go out 48. notany more 49. after all 50. at present 1. What is your dream school like?2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.3. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.4. It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.5. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school,6. I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made.7. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food.8. I was very lucky to experience this different way of life9. I would very much like to be your pen friend.10. Would you please be my guide if I travel to your city?11. I cant go home until my mum gets home from work.12. Our club is much more than just music.【第二部分 知识要点】定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有：when, where, why.关系代词的用法：1 作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。3 作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name)4 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.关系副词的用法：1when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.3 why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in, at, during) + which;where = in (at, on) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3 when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较：All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）4有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象 那样”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如：She stole her friends money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.5在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that :The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.I dont like the way (that) you laugh at her.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如：All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Is that the best that you can do?Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to find.(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone,everybody等词时。如：Is there anyone who can answer this question?He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：Youre the one that knows where to go.)(2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如：He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that。如：He that promises too much means nothing.(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.Theres only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如：She is the only person that understands me.当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：（1） 使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2) 在“the samethat”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the sameas”结构中，same和as都不能省略。(3) 当“the samethat”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?7. 当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesnt understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Lets discuss such things as we can talk of freely.“介词+关系词”的用法关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或 whom。如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 Yuan.介词选择规则： 1.取决于从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配。（V+ pre.）如：He is the man whom I talked with this morning.2. 取决于先行词同介词的常规搭四组常考的搭配：1）extent degree （程度）同 to 搭配 2）price(具体多少钱时与at; 若指价格方面与in 搭配) speed rate 同at搭配3）field area aspect sphere （领域，方面）同 in 搭配4) basis ground foundation （基础）同on 搭配例句：The field in which I studied in university is psychology. 【第三部分：考点及题型解析】【高考链接】1.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was ,she had run back in the direction_she had come .（2006年重庆卷）A of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 解析：此题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，同时考察come from“来自”,而from提到which前。因此选D。2.The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross river traffic is the heaviest.(2005江苏)A,which:where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which ;in which解析：此句考查的是从句用法。第一个从句是定语从句，先行词为the place ，从句中缺状语，故排除A，D；第二个从句是表语从句，从句中缺状语，故排除B，此处at which= where。选C。1. - Why does she always ask you for help?- There is no one else _, is there ? （2005北京）A who to turn to B she can turn to C for whom to turn D for her to turn 2. The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _he thought was not enough. (2005山东)A where B how C what D which3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is_ I disagree. (2004全国)A why B where C what D how4. He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose the control over his car. (2007北京东城)A why B where C how D which5. - I phoned your home at around 9 yesterday evening. Why didnt you answer it?- Impossible. Oh, now I remember; it was _ I was taking a bath. (2007西安二次质检)A when B which C where D what 6. The biggest reason I like the rule is _it sets a good example to young athletes. (2007郑州二次)A how B why C that D when 7. In experiments _ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours. (2007郑州二次)A that B what C which D where8 . “ Id like to give my thanks to those_ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,”said the woman on TV. (2007重庆一次)A who B that C with whose D with their9 It is the fact_he doesnt know his own birthday_surprises us all.A which; which B which; that C that;that D that;which10. Nobody believed his reason for being late_his car broke down on the way.A that B why C which D because 【第四部分：基础练习】1.The pretty lady_you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.A.who B.whom C.about whom D.with whom2.Is this the factory _your father used to work many years ago?A.the place B.which C.in which D.the one in which 3. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a big apple tree？ A.in front of it B.in front of whose C.in front of where D.in front of which4.The person _my father spoke just now is my English teacher.A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whom 5.The reason_she didnt come to Toms birthday is that her mother wont let her.A .that B.which C.for which D.for what6.China is a beautiful country,_we are greatly proud.A.which B.in which C.of which D.where7.I will never forget the day _I join the army .A.on which B in which C.which D at which 8.The suggestion that the mayor _the prize was accepted by everyone. A.would present B.present C.presents D.ought to present9.Do you need any help ,Lucy ? Yes .The job is _I could do myself. A.less than B.more than C.no more than D.not more than10.Last week ,only two people came to look at the house ,_wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom11.It is said that there is more land than the government knows_ A.What to do with it B.how to deal with C.what to do with D.how to be dealt with12.The supermarkets appealed to many customers,_are young mothers. A.mainly of whom B.mainly of them C.main of whom D.main of them13.The doctor _explained what the treatment would be like. A.in the charge B.in charge C.take charge D.took charge 14.There are two buildings，_stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B.the larger of them C. the larger one that D.the larger of which15.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses .A.to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 【第五部分：课后练习】1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong. A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who B. whom C. which D. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother? A. who B. whom C. which D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born. A. that B. which C. where D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. which B. whose C. that D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25.-Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose26.-Do you know everybody _ came to the party? -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door. A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom27.The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours. A. which B. they C. those D.