综英47TimetoStopExcusesforlateness

2021/7/11Book 4-Unit 72021/7/12BrainstormingListeningSpeakingListening and SpeakingReturn to MenuBook 4-Unit 72021/7/13Book 4-Unit 7Work with your group to think out five to ten words/phrases/expressions about employment and career prospects.lDisciplinary matters at the workplacelTypes of employmentlRecruiting/FiringlPositions/Job titles2021/7/14ptake/have sick leavepstudy leavepmaternity leavepvisiting leavepleave of absencepbe punctualpleave-takingpbe absentpask for leaveptake French leavepask for/have a day offtake leave without permission Book 4-Unit 7Disciplinary Matters at the Workplace2021/7/15Book 4-Unit 7p internshipp part-timep contractingp full-timep volunteeringp work-study p apprenticeship entering into an agreement(either written or spoken)on which work is to be done or supplies are to be made,e.g.an agreement made by a carpenter,a painter,a plumber or a builder with their customersa combination of work andstudy offered to a high school or college student by a school so that he can gain some work experience,often used in the phrase a work-study program in American Englishthe position given to an advanced student or a recent graduate who is undergoing supervised practicaltrainingTypes of Employment2021/7/16omake inquiries about an opening/a vacancyoapply for a positionoaward(a project to a construction company)obe transferred from one department to anotherolay offodismissosackolet someone goobe made redundantobe out of work dismissal from employmentBook 4-Unit 7Recruiting/Firing 2021/7/17pchairman of the boardpmembers of the boardpsecretarypclerkptechnicianspassistantpinternpsecurity guardpjanitorpsupervisor psenior engineerpleaderpchairman of the department pdean ppresidentpchief executivepgeneral managerpdepartment manager an advanced student or a recent graduate undergoing supervised practical trainingBook 4-Unit 7Positions/Job Titles2021/7/18Pre-listening ActivityDiscuss the following questions in pairs.1.What can policemen do to help us?2.What is the image of policemen in your mind?Why?Book 4-Unit 7catch thieves,help lost children,be firefighters,be detectives,get the key left in house,help the cat in the tree,keep order,direct traffic,deter potential trouble-makers,protect the interests of the public,etc.Good image:helpful,maintain order and justice,disciplined.Bad image:abusive,violent,corruption,collaboration with gangs.2021/7/19lnice guys finish last:lcitation:ldumbfounded:Book 4-Unit 7a popular saying which means that good and decent people often lose in the struggle of lifean award accompanied by a note describing the reason for it(表扬表扬/嘉奖嘉奖)people who are overwhelmed by the situation and do not know what to sayNew Words and Expressions2021/7/110Listen and answer the following questions.Book 4-Unit 7 Reference Answers1.What makes John a good policeman?2.Has Johns job as a policeman been easy and safe?3.Why was John awarded citations?4.Why dont some people like policemen in Johns district?2021/7/111Book 4-Unit 7Reference Answers John likes his job as a cop.He feels its the best job in the world.He is conscientious,has a strong sense of justice and fairness,and respects the law.John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals.1.What makes John a good policeman?2021/7/112Book 4-Unit 7No.Being a policeman in New York is difficult and dangerous.Besides,he works in a rough neighborhood.He has been shot,spit at,and hit with bottles,rocks,sticks,and Molotov Cocktails.Once he risked his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.2.Has Johns job as a policeman been easy and safe?2021/7/113 Book 4-Unit 73.Why was John awarded citations?John is given awards for his bravery,his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.4.Why dont some people like policemen in Johns district?John admits that there are bad cops on the force,cops who dont always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people.Listening Script 2021/7/114Speaking Task 1:Talking about career Task 2:Making a decisionTask 3:Establishing new work ethic Book 4-Unit 72021/7/115Task 1Book 4-Unit 7Every job has its advantages and disadvantages.Discuss in small groups about the positive and negative aspects of the following professions.ProfessionPositive aspectsNegative aspectsteacherfilm actordoctorbusinessmansecretarylawyer Talking about Career 2021/7/116Book 4-Unit 7Making a Decision Read the directions on page 120.Decide who you will choose as the manager.Give reasons for your decision.Use the following patterns in your talk.While Albert is not he is,nevertheless Regardless of his/her past Though both have negative traits,No one is perfect.The aim of a company isAs far as profit is concerned,Genius is 99%perspiration and 1%inspiration.Passion is absolutely the hard and fast rule in sales promotion.What is the use of having a guy who can only 2021/7/117Book 4-Unit 7 Establishing New Work EthicMisconducts are like viruses in a workplace.They spread quietly and quickly,corrupting the positive morale in a workplace,or the trust between employees.It is the obligation of every employee to detect and correct them.Misdemeanors at workWhat can be done?(not necessarily related to one particular misdemeanor)Suggested Points 2021/7/118Misdemeanors at workWhat can be done?reading newspapers at workno newspaperchatting at work,using MSN to chat with friends during work hours on the company computersupervisionbeing late,procrastination competition,warning,and disciplinebeing rude to customers,neglect,calloustraining absent from duty without permissionsharing stocks/share arrangementBook 4-Unit 7Suggested Points2021/7/119Misdemeanors at workWhat can be done?playing computer games at workpunishmentmaking private calls on the company telephone during business hourstelephone lockplaying company politics warning,discipline,fineusing company facilities for private errandswarning,discipline,finetaking company stationary for personal usewarning,discipline,fineBook 4-Unit 72021/7/120Return to MenuBook 4-Unit 72021/7/121Book 4-Unit 72021/7/122 Pre-reading Task Comprehension Work Language WorkReading ComprehensionBook 4-Unit 7Return to Menu2021/7/123Discuss the following questions.Book 4-Unit 7oHave you ever been late for class?What excuses did you give for your lateness?oWhy is punctuality a necessity in all public affairs in a civilized society?oHave you ever noticed the difference in peoples attitude toward the keeping of time in the rural and urban areas?Suggested Points 2021/7/124Cultural Difference in the Concept of Time Difference in Time OrientationoChina:past-oriented five thousand years brilliant cultural heritagethe importance attached to experience and wisdomrespect of the elderly,experience and old ageoWestern countries:future-oriented original sin:resulting from the Fall of Man,when Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit of a particular tree in the Garden of Eden.suffering on the earth,no returnthe only way out is to move forward bravely 2021/7/125Cultural Difference in the Concept of TimeDifference in time perception oWestern countries Time is a line focus on schedule,pre-arrangement,strict observance oEastern countries Time is a circle poor time management,leisureliness,flexibility 2021/7/126Cultural Difference in the Concept of TimeCultural difference in punctuality oThe extremely punctual:Germans,Dutch,Finns,Japanese(exact the time or earlier)oThe punctual:Americans,Canadians,Danes,Swedes(allowance of five minutes late)oThe flexible:Italians,French,Asians,Latin Americans oThe tardy:Arabians(up to five hours late)oThe extremely tardy:Africans(several hours late,or even one or two days)2021/7/127Are there any proverbs bound up with time in both Chinese and American cultures?1)Time is money.时间就是金钱。时间就是金钱。/一寸光阴一寸金。一寸光阴一寸金。2)Time is life and when the idle man kills time,he kills himself.时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。3)Time flies like an arrow,and time lost never returns.光阴似箭，一去不返。光阴似箭，一去不返。4)Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。岁月不等人。2021/7/128Do you know what Americans do with time?1)They commit themselves to creating a steady flow of time-saving devices,such as 2)They seldom waste time assessing others over small talks or meals;3)They carry around their pocket planners to keep track of appointments and deadlines;4)They do their utmost to squeeze more life out of their time;5)They see punctuality as the soul of business;6)They always do their business in a hurry 2021/7/129Book 4-Unit 7Suggested PointsThe importance of punctuality a.efficiency(e.g.In factories or offices,some work may involve many people,so if one person is late,the work will have to be postponed.)b.respect(In many cultures,people are expected to be punctual since lateness means wasting other peoples time.)petition(e.g.If one store opens and closes at a regular time,people will trust it.Otherwise,customers will be doubtful about its discipline or quality.)d.order(Punctuality certainly is a very important discipline in most workplaces.Otherwise,companies,schools,and offices would be in chaos.)2021/7/130Book 4-Unit 72.Urban/rural differencesUrban:more punctualPossible reasons:more cooperation,higher efficiency,intense competition,more complex human relationship,etc.(Basically,most jobs in cities are concerned with human relationships;therefore,people have to obey the public rules in order to gain social or economic success.)Rural:less punctualPossible reasons:less competitive or urgent,less sophisticated human relationship,etc.2021/7/131oText Organization oProbe the StoryoEssay QuestionsoDifficult SentencesBook 4-Unit 72021/7/132Book 4-Unit 7Text OrganizationListen to the text and summarize the main idea of each part.Para.1Para.2-5Para.6 Para.7Para.8-14Raising the problem for discussion.Providing background of the issue.The writer begins to raise his major position on the issue.Para.15-16Conclusion:call for punctuality management Analysis of why“being late”should not be excused in business management in Asian cultures.Transition 2021/7/133Essay QuestionsBook 4-Unit 7oDiscuss questions on page 123 and then write down your opinions in the exercise book.2021/7/134Detailed Analysis Para.12021/7/135Main Idea Raising the problem for discussionWhat is the problem facing a manager?Should he be patient or take disciplinary action against those habitually late for work?2021/7/136ocultureocultural omulticultural多元文化多元文化的的ocross-cultural 跨文化跨文化的的ocultural backgroundocultural differenceocultural communicationomulticultural societyomulticultural environment ocross-cultural communication 2021/7/137oconcept of time 时间观念时间观念otake disciplinary action 采取惩罚措施采取惩罚措施2021/7/138Detailed Analysis Para.252021/7/139Main Idea Providing background of the issue1.According to the scholars,what is the Asian concept of time?Asians live more in the ancient past or in the distant future.They view life as a passing moment and prefer a steady pace.2.How do Westerners view time?Westerners live more in the present and the near future.They always have immediate and urgent objectives to achieve with time-pressing schedules or deadlines.2021/7/140Book 4-Unit 73.What figure of speech does the writer use to illustrate the cultural difference regarding the concept of time?The writer uses a number of metaphors to make his point:neurotic slavery indicates being abnormally bound to tight schedules;the sense of zero gravity refers to the freedom of spending ones time at will;ones life course is compared to a long journey;and the next hill suggests something within reach.2021/7/e nearer,move towards靠近，接近2.make advances to sb.(about sth)找商量（联系）3.begin to deal with 着手处理，开始对付o他小心地走近那房子。He cautiously approached the house.o玛丽找你商量过有关借钱给她的事吗?Did Mary approach you about lending her some money?o他从科学家的角度来处理这一问题。He approached the question as a scientist.2021/7/142Difficult SentencesBook 4-Unit 71.Asians try to avoid a neurotic slavery to time,viewing life as a passing moment in eternity.They enjoy the sense of“zero gravity”that comes from travelling without an immediate goal or an urgent objective.亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在他们看来只是永亚洲人尽力避免成为时间的神经质的奴隶。生活在他们看来只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种恒中的匆匆一瞬。他们喜欢旅游所带来的那种“失重失重”感感,没有近没有近期目标，也没有紧急任务。期目标，也没有紧急任务。slavery slave(to sth)slave to mortgageslave to credit cardsslave to childrena concept from physics.It means a situation in which anobject is not subject to the pull of a mass,such as the earth,like the experience of the spaceman walking in the spacean attitude in life which makes one bound to busy schedules,rush to meet the deadlines all the time so that one has no leisure or freedom to enjoy life2021/7/143a matter of oSafety precautions are observed as a matter of course.a matter of course:sth done as a routine,nothing special 理所当然的事，例行的事oIt is not a matter of life and death to have failed the exam.a matter of life and death:a very serious matteroIt is a matter of record that Paris is a romantic city.a matter of record:sth generally believed to be true 有记录可查的事，事实2021/7/144oover the next hill:not far away 在不远的前方 a metaphor that means achievable with one efforte.g.Success is over the next hill.oover the hill 正在衰落，度过危机e.g.He is over the hill as a professional athlete.She was very ill for two weeks but she is over the hill now.2021/7/145Detailed Analysis Para.6 The writer begins to raise his major position on the issue.2021/7/146But how does this insight,so studiously compiled by academics,relate to the need for punctuality in the office？Westerners and Asians approach time differently.(the theory)is worked out painstakingly by scholars study-studious 好学的，仔细好学的，仔细-studiously 认真的，仔细地认真的，仔细地词根：词根：point，punct=point,make sharp,表示表示“点，变尖点，变尖”acupuncture n 针灸（针灸（acu 尖尖+punct+ure用针尖点用针尖点针灸）针灸）punctual a 准时的（准时的（punct+ual到点上到点上准点的）准点的）punctuality npuncture v 穿孔，刺穿（穿孔，刺穿（punct+ure点点进去进去刺穿）刺穿）punctilious a 谨小慎微的（谨小慎微的（punct+ilious做事做事点滴不漏点滴不漏小心的）小心的）compunction n 后悔，悔恨（后悔，悔恨（com 共同共同+punct+ion浑身像针刺一样浑身像针刺一样悔恨）悔恨）punctuate v 加标点（加标点（punct+uate加上点加上点加标点）加标点）2021/7/147outlook1.the view from a place景色，景观2.prospect展望，前景3.a mental attitude or point of view观点，见解oI have a good outlook from my bedroom.我的卧室有很好的窗景。oHe has a broad outlook on life.他的人生观十分豁达。oThe outlook for the economy is bright.经济前景光明。2021/7/148justify:to prove or see to be just or valid,show to be reasonable证明.是正当的;为.辩护;是.的正当理由+v-ingo你如何解释你的粗鲁行为呢?How can you justify your rude behavior?o那些编辑有充分的理由拒绝你的作品。The editors are justified in refusing your work.oThere is no justification for his absence.他没有理由缺席。Derivation just(adj.公正，合理的)justify v.justification(n.正当的理由;辩解的理由)justified(adj.有正当理由的，合理的)Sentence PatternIt is justified for sb to do sth.sb.is justified in doing sth.2021/7/149Detailed Analysis Para.7 Transition 2021/7/150tolerate:vt.be able to bear,permit 容许，忍受，容忍容许，忍受，容忍-tolerance(for/of/toward)宽容，忍耐宽容，忍耐-tolerant(adj.of/to/towards)o老师不容许在课堂上吃东西。The teacher cannot tolerate eating on the class.o他具有幽默感又能宽容和忍耐。He has a sense of humor plus tolerance and patience.o她容忍不同的意见。She was tolerant of different views.2021/7/151Book 4-Unit 72.But this is unwarranted in an urban civilization.It would give credence to the academic literature that implies the time orientation in such a culture is inferior to that in the West.但是这在城市文明中是站不住脚的，它将使人相信此种文化的时但是这在城市文明中是站不住脚的，它将使人相信此种文化的时间观念比西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。间观念比西方的时间观念逊色这一学术论调。recommendation,credentials;e.g.a letter of credence.介绍信介绍信give credence to 相信，接受相信，接受e.g.Dont give credence to all the gossip you hear.a tendency of thought;a general inclination;e.g.a Marxist orientation 马克思主义倾向马克思主义倾向 value orientation 价值取向价值取向 sexual orientation 性取向性取向having no justification;groundless;e.g.unwarranted interference 无理干涉无理干涉2021/7/152词根：词根：creed，cred=believe，trust表示表示“相信相信,信信任任”ocreed n 信条；纲领（信条；纲领（creed 相信相信信条）信条）ocredential n 凭据凭据;（pl)国书国书 （cred+ential表形容词或名表形容词或名 词词让人相信的东西让人相信的东西凭据）凭据）ocredence n 相信；信用（相信；信用（cred+ence相信）相信）ocredit n 信任；学分（信任；学分（cred+it表名词）表名词）-discredit v 不信任不信任 -creditable a 可以信任的（可以信任的（credit相信相信+able能能的）的）ocredible a 可靠的，可信的（可靠的，可信的（cred 相信相信+ible能能的）的）-incredible 不可相信的，难以置信的，不可思议的不可相信的，难以置信的，不可思议的oaccredit v 委任；信任（委任；信任（ac给予给予+credit给予相信给予相信委任）委任）ocredulous a 轻信的（轻信的（cred+ulous多多的的相信太多相信太多轻信轻信的）的）2021/7/153Detailed Analysis Para.814 Analysis of why“being late”should not be excused in business management in Asian cultures.2021/7/154Book 4-Unit 7 Does the writer agree to the claim that unpunctuality is related to a certain cultural outlook?Why?The writer does not agree to the claim.He thinks that whether a person is punctual or not has nothing to do with his cultural outlook,because observance of time and philosophical perception of time are two different things.2021/7/155Book 4-Unit 7 How do Asians and Westerners react to unpunctuality?Asians tend to be more tolerant of bad punctuality and are more ready to accept a latecomers dubious excuses,while Westerners view bad punctuality as an undesirable practice and believe that it shows that a person is not trustworthy or dependable.2021/7/156Book 4-Unit 7 What is the writers view on punctuality in the business world?The writer thinks that in daily life it is up to an individual whether to be punctual or not,but in an office environment people must respect the keeping of time.2021/7/157We do not think they are taking our friendship or affection for granted.We do not consider them guilty of disrespect.What is worse,we let them exonerate themselves with dubious excuses.take sth.for granted认为认为理所当然，想当然理所当然，想当然e.g.Dont take his help for granted.I take it for granted that they have arrived there already.exonerate：exempt使免使免罪罪,免除免除 e.g.exonerate sb.from blame/responsibility我们不会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们不会认为他们不把我们的友谊和亲情当回事儿。我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还容许他我们也不会认为他们失礼。更糟糕的是，我们还容许他们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开脱。们用含糊其辞的借口来为自己开脱。dubious:uncertain,doubtful,ambiguous e.g.dubious behavior/character dubious words/reply 2021/7/158Book 4-Unit 73.But how we react to latecomers in our social lives is a matter of individual choice.In the world of modern business we cannot afford that flexibility.可是，如何对待社会生活中的那些迟到者却是个人问可是，如何对待社会生活中的那些迟到者却是个人问题。而在现代商业领域，我们不容许有这种灵活性。题。而在现代商业领域，我们不容许有这种灵活性。This means that in the business world everyone must observe punctuality.2021/7/159oonce in a blue moon 千载难逢e.g.这是个千载难逢的机会。This is a chance once in a blue moon.他难得去看他父母一次。He only visits his parents once in a blue moon.ofad:fashion,crazee.g.the latest fad 最新时尚 His interest in photography is only a passing fad.他对摄影的兴趣只是一时的爱好罢了。2021/7/160oa climate of discipline in which people respect the keeping of time 一种纪律约束的氛围来使人们遵守时间。climate 风气，气氛 political climate 政治风气，政治氛围2021/7/161Book 4-Unit 74.Some companies may choose to stagger the opening and closing time for their offices to enable employees to avoid the rush hour.But that does not mean there is no longer a need for punctuality.一些公司可能会主动改变他们的上下班时间，以使雇员一些公司可能会主动改变他们的上下班时间，以使雇员能够避开交通高峰期。但那并不是说就不再需要守时。能够避开交通高峰期。但那并不是说就不再需要守时。a.to place on or as if on alternating sides of a center line;set in a zigzag row or rows,E.g.Theater seats that were staggered for clear viewing.戏院的椅子都被错开了，为的是清楚地观看。戏院的椅子都被错开了，为的是清楚地观看。b.to arrange in alternating or overlapping time periods；e.g.staggered the nurses shifts 护士互相交错值班护士互相交错值班.a period ofheavy traffic 2021/7/162Detailed Analysis Para.1516 Conclusion:call for punctuality management2021/7/163Book 4-Unit 7 Should a manager ignore unpunctuality in his/her office?What,in the writers view,should the manager do?Generally,a manager should not take the academic concept that to require punctuality of his/her employees is intolerant of culture.He or she must strive to break bad habits through repeated counseling.2021/7/164counsel：to give advice,urge,consult 忠告，建议，商议oHe followed my counsel.他听取了我的忠告。oI counseled your trying once again.我建议你再试一次。oShe counseled with her husband about the problem.她同丈夫商量了这个问题。Derivation counseling咨询服务,咨询,辅导 counselor 顾问，参事，指导老师2021/7/165oIt is about time=it is high time(+过去式）oacademic notion 迂腐的观点 (-clich)odiscard:throw away,get rid of 丢弃，抛弃e.g.我们应该抛弃旧观念。We should discard old beliefs.我们将不再使