2023年雅思测试

雅思测试1姓名总分听力阅读写作口语Part 1 Listening Section 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-4Complete the notes below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.PERSONAL DETAILS FORMName:(1) Membership number:(2) Address:17 Lincoln Road, AnnandalFax number:(3) Telephone number:Daytime: 579 6363Evening: (4) Questions 5-6Circle the correct answer.5. How long can the man keep the books for? A. three weeks B. two weeks C. five weeks D. six weeks6. How does the library prefer the postage and photocopy fees to be paid? A. cash B. credit card C. money orderQuestions 7-10Complete the form below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Land and Water Resources of AustraliaHallsworth(7) Land Degradation in Australia(8) 1984(9) FisherThe Environmental Impact of TravelM Burns and Associates(10) Questions 31-40Questions 31-32Complete the notes below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. The benefits of the social recognition of marriage for children are:(31) .Become a membership of a (32) .Have indication of who must support them and their mother.Questions33-40Complete the form below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Important Areas of VariationThe Number of Mates(33) A man has more than one wifePOLYANDRYA woman has more than one husband(34) One man has one wife(35) PATRILOCALA wife moves to her husbands familys household(36) A husband moves to his wifes familys householdNEOLOCALThe couple set up a new household somewhere else(37) (38) Wealth is transferred by the husband or his relatives to the wifes family.(39) Wealth is transferred by the wife or her relatives to the husbands family.NEOLOCALWealth is the form of (40) to help the young couple set up the new household.Part 2 ReadingPassage1 Reading PaperThe coral reefs ofAgatti IslandAAgatti is one of the Lakshadweep Islands off the southwest coast of India. These islands are surrounded by lagoons and coral reefs which are in turn surrounded by the open ocean. Coral reefs, which are formed from the skeletons of minute sea creatures, give shelter to a variety of plants and animals, and therefore have the potential to provide a stream of diverse benefits to the inhabitants of Agatti Island. BIn the first place, the reefs provide food and other products for consumption by the islanders themselves. Foods include different types of fish, octopus and molluscs, and in the case of poorer families these constitute as much as 90% of the protein they consume. Reef resources are also used for medicinal purposes. For example, the money cowrie, a shell known locally as Vallakavadi, is commonly made into a paste and used as a home remedy to treat cysts in the eye.CIn addition, the reef contributes to income generation. According to a recent survey, 20% of the households on Agatti report lagoon fishing, or shingle, mollusc, octopus and cowrie collection as their main occupation (Hoon et al, 2023). For poor households, the direct contribution of the reef to their financial resources is significant: 12% of poor households are completely dependent on the reef for their household income, while 59% of poor households rely on the reef for 70% of their household income, and the remaining 29% for 50% of their household income.DBartering of reef resources also commonly takes place, both between islanders and between islands. For example, Agatti Island is known for its abundance of octopus, and this is often used to obtain products from nearby Androth Island. Locally, reef products may be given by islanders in return for favours, such as help in constructing a house or net mending, or for other products such as rice, coconuts or fish.EThe investment required to exploit the reefs is minimal. It involves simple, locally available tools and equipment, some of which can be used without a boat, such as the fishing practice known as Kat moodsal. This is carried out in the shallow eastern lagoon of Agatti by children and adults, close to shore at low tide, throughout the year. A small cast net, a leaf bag, and plastic slippers are all that are required, and the activity can yield 1012 small fish (approximately 1 kg) for household consumption. Cast nets are not expensive, and all the households in Agatti own at least one. Even the boats, which operate in the lagoon and near-shore reef, are constructed locally and have low running costs. They are either small, non-mechanised, traditional wooden rowing boats, known as Thonis, or rafts, known as Tharappam.FDuring more than 400 years of occupation and survival, the Agatti islanders have developed an intimate knowledge of the reefs. They have knowledge of numerous different types of fish and where they can be found according to the tide or lunar cycle. They have also developed a local naming system or folk taxonomy, naming fish according to their shape. Sometimes the same species is given different names depending on its size and age. For example, a full grown Emperor fish is called Metti and a juvenile is called Killokam. The abundance of each species at different fishing grounds is also well known. Along with this knowledge of reef resources, the islanders have developed a wide range of skills and techniques for exploiting them. A multitude of different fishing techniques are still used by the islanders, each targeting different areas of the reef and particular species.GThe reef plays an important role in the social lives of the islanders too, being an integral part of traditions and rituals. Most of the islands folklore revolves around the reef and sea. There is hardly any tale or song which does not mention the traditional sailing crafts, known as Odams, the journeys of enterprising heroes, the adventures of sea fishing and encounters with sea creatures. Songs that women sing recollect women looking for returning Odams, and requesting the waves to be gentler and the breeze just right for the sails. There are stories of the benevolent sea ghost baluvam, whose coming to shore is considered a harbinger of prosperity for that year, bringing more coconuts, more fish and general well-being.HThe reef is regarded by the islanders as common property, and all the islanders are entitled to use the lagoon and reef resources. In the past, fishing groups would obtain permission from the Amin (island head person) and go fishing in the grounds allotted by him. On their return, the Amin would be given a share of the catch, normally one of the best or biggest fish. This practice no longer exists, but there is still a code of conduct or etiquette for exploiting the reef, and common respect for this is an effective way of avoiding conflict or disputes.IExploitation of such vast and diverse resources as the reefs and lagoon surrounding the island has encouraged collaborative efforts, mainly for purposes of safety, but also as a necessity in the operation of many fishing techniques. For example, an indigenous gear and operation known as Bala fadal involves 2530 men. Reef gleaning for cowrie collection by groups of 610 women is also a common activity, and even today, although its economic significance is marginal, it continues as a recreational activity.Question 1-9Reading Passage 1 has nine paragraphsAI.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.List of Headingsi Island legendsvii The social nature of reef occupationsii Resources for exchangeviii Resources for islanders own useiii Competition for fishing rightsix High levels of expertiseiv The low cost of equipmentx Alternative sources of employmentv Agattis favourable locationxi Resources for earning moneyvi Rising income levelsxii Social rights and obligations1Paragraph A.2Paragraph B.3Paragraph C.4Paragraph D.5Paragraph E.6Paragraph F.7Paragraph G.8Paragraph H.9Paragraph I.Question 10-13Choose the correct letter,A, B, C or D.10.What proportion of poor households get all their income from reef products?A. 12%B. 20%C. 29%D. 59%11. Kat moodsal fishingA. is a seasonal activity.B. is a commercial activity.C. requires little investment.D. requires use of a rowing boat.12. Which characteristic of present-day islanders do the writers describe?A. physical strengthB. fishing expertiseC. courageD. imagination13. What do the writers say about the system for using the reef on Agatti?A. Fish catches are shared equally.B. The reef owner issues permits.C. There are frequent disputes.D. There is open access.Passage2 Reading PaperUrban planning in SingaporeBritish merchants established a trading post in Singapore in the early nineteenth century, and for more than a century trading interests dominated. However, in 1965 the newly independent island state was cut off from its hinterland, and so it set about pursuing a survival strategy. The good international communications it already enjoyed provided a useful base, but it was decided that if Singapore was to secure its economic future, it must develop its industry. To this end, new institutional structures were needed to facilitate, develop, and control foreign investment. One of the most important of these was the Economic Development Board (EDB), an arm of government that developed strategies for attracting investment. Thus from the outset, the Singaporean government was involved in city promotion.Towards the end of the twentieth century, the government realised that, due to limits on both the size of the countrys workforce and its land area, its labour-intensive industries were becoming increasingly uncompetitive. So an economic committee was established which concluded that Singapore should focus on developing as a service centre, and seek to attract company headquarters to serve South East Asia, and develop tourism, banking, and offshore activities. The land required for this service-sector orientation had been acquired in the early 1970s, when the government realised that it lacked the banking infrastructure for a modern economy. So a new banking and corporate district, known as the Golden Shoe, was planned, incorporating the historic commercial area. This district now houses all the major companies and various government financial agencies.Singapores current economic strategy is closely linked to land use and development planning. Although it is already a major city, the current development plan seeks to ensure Singapores continued economic growth through restructuring, to ensure that the facilities needed by future business are planned now. These include transport and telecommunication infrastructure, land, and environmental quality. A major concern is to avoid congestion in the central area, and so the latest plan deviates from previous plans by having a strong decentralisation policy. The plan makes provision for four major regional centres, each serving 800,000 people, but this does not mean that the existing central business district will not also grow. A major extension planned around Marina Bay draws on examples of other world cities, especially those with waterside central areas such as Sydney and San Francisco. The project involves major land reclamation of 667 hectares in total. Part of this has already been developed as a conference and exhibition zone, and the rest will be used for other facilities. However the need for vitality has been recognised and a mixed zoning approach has been adopted, to include housing and entertainment.One of the new features of the current plan is a broader conception of what contributes to economic success. It encompasses high quality residential provision, a good environment, leisure facilities and exciting city life. Thus there is more provision for low-density housing, often in waterfront communities linked to beaches and recreational facilities. However, the lower housing densities will put considerable pressure on the very limited land available for development, and this creates problems for another of the plans aims, which is to stress environmental quality. More and more of the remaining open area will be developed, and the only natural landscape surviving will be a small zone in the centre of the island which serves as a water catchment area. Environmental policy is therefore very much concerned with making the built environment more green by introducing more plants what is referred to as the beautification of Singapore. The plan focuses on green zones defining the boundaries of settlements, and running along transport corridors. The incidental green provision within housing areas is also given considerable attention.Much of the environmental provision, for example golf courses, recreation areas, and beaches, is linked to the prime objective of attracting business. The plan places much emphasis on good leisure provision and the need to exploit Singapores island setting. One way of doing this is through further land reclamation, to create a whole new island devoted to leisure and luxury housing which will stretch from the central area to the airport. A current concern also appears to be how to use the planning system to create opportunities for greater spontaneity: planners have recently given much attention to the concept of the 24-hour city and the cafe society. For example, a promotion has taken place along the Singapore river to create a cafe zone. This has included the realisation, rather late in the day, of the value of retaining older buildings, and the creation of a continuous riverside promenade. Since the relaxation in 1996 of strict guidelines on outdoor eating areas, this has become an extremely popular area in the evenings. Also, in 1998 the Urban Redevelopment Authority created a new entertainment area in the centre of the city which they are promoting as the citys one-stop, dynamic entertainment scene.In conclusion, the economic development of Singapore has been very consciously centrally planned, and the latest strategy is very clearly oriented to establishing Singapore as a leading world city. It is well placed to succeed, for a variety of reasons. It can draw upon its historic roots as a world trading centre; it has invested heavily in telecommunications and air transport infrastructure; it is well located in relation to other Asian economies; it has developed a safe and clean environment; and it has utilised the international language of English.Question 14-19Complete the summary below using words from the box.SingaporeWhen Singapore became an independent, self-sufficient state it decided to build up its14., and government organisations were created to support this policy. However, this initial plan met with limited success due to a shortage of15.and land. It was therefore decided to develop the16.sector of the economy instead.Singapore is now a leading city, but planners are working to ensure that its economy continues to grow. In contrast to previous policies, there is emphasis on17. In addition, land will be recovered to extend the financialdistrict, and provide18.as well as housing. The government also plans to improve the quality of Singapores environment, but due to the shortage of natural landscapes it will concentrate instead on what it calls19.decentralisationfuelindustryindustryhospitalsloansderegulationservicetradetransportentertainmentrecyclinglabourtourismhygienebeautificationagricultureQuestion 20-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?Write: Trueif the statement agrees with the information Falseif the statement contradicts the information NotGivenif there is no information on this.20After 1965, the Singaporean government switched the focus of the islands economy.a) .21The creation of Singapores financial centre was delayed while a suitable site was found.a) .22Singapores four regional centres will eventually be the same size as its central business district.a) .23Planners have modelled new urban developments on other coastal cities.a) .24Plants and trees are amongst the current priorities for Singapores city planners.a) .25The government has enacted new laws to protect Singapores old buildings.a) .26Singapore will find it difficult to compete with leading cities in other parts of the world.a) .Writing You should spend about 30 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Counties such as China, India and Japan have unsustainable population growths. In fact many experts are of the opinion that the population explosion which is now a very worrying concern, is the most serious threat to life on this planet.Give some suggestions to address this problem.Write at least 150 words.Oral test (7 min.)