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主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 找出下列句子中的错误 ， 并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class? I dont know where he has gone. The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter. 规律：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！ That Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles brought Chinese great happiness. Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles brought Chinese great happiness The man windows broke brought trouble That the man broke the windows brought him trouble. 名词性 that-从句 主语： That he is still alive is sheer luck. 宾语： John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表语： The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位语： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 可以省略 He said that he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one. 不可以省略 1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the earth is round is known to us all. What That 连词 _在从句中不作成分 ， 不含有疑问意义 ， 而 _在从 句中作成分 ， 常含有疑问意义 that what What = the things that 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3. He hold the view _ _he said was wrong. A. What;what B. What ;that C. That;that D. That;what 1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体 ,主句的谓语动词用 单数形式 . That they will come _certain. 2.What 引导主语从句时 ,主句谓语动词的单复数由表 语的单复数决定 . What he wants _these books. What he wants _ some water. 主语从句的主谓一致 is are is 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers that impossible that he wants to finish the work in such a short time. 4. That doesnt matter whether you will come or not. it it it it 规律：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助 “ it” 而后置。 补充 : 一 .几种常见的含主语从句句型 1.以 it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用 句型有 ： 1. It+be+形容词 +that从句 It is/was certain that clause clear important necessary probable possible （ 1） It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （ 2） It is probable that he told me everything. 2、 It + be + 名词词组 + that从句 It is / was a pity that clause shame duty (1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game. 3、 It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 It is said that clause reported thought hoped believed known (1) It is said that he is the best student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives badly. 4、 It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day. 当 that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个 成分时 ， 需用先行词 it 作 形式宾语 ， 把从 句放到句末 ， that 不能省略 。 We consider it possible that he is ill. I feel it a pity that she cant come. I heard it said that he had gone to Australia. He made it clear that he objected to the plan. a. It + be +形容词 + that-从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词 + that-从句 It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to all that 从所周知 It has been decided that 已决定 c. It + be +名词 + that-从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是 d. It +不及物动词 + that-分句 It appears that 似乎 It happens that 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起 用 it 作形式主语的 that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： 找出下列句子中的错误 ， 并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. 5. My suggestion is that we must do our homework first. 6. His suggestion that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema. My suggestion is that we (should) do our homework first. His suggestion that we (should) go there on foot. 规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！ (宾、表、同 ) Insist； order； command； advise； suggest； propose； demand； require； request； desire； ask recommend 名词性 wh-从句 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接宾语： In ones own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语： My question is who will take over the president. 宾语补足语： She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语： I have no idea when he will return. 形容词宾语： Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go. Where, when, why, how 等连接副词也可以 引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须 符合句子的逻辑要求 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it. 9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting. 10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. It depends on whether the weather is . The question is whether he himself will be present . He asked me whether I could go with him or not. （ 1） 在 whether or not结构中 I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not. （ 2） 介词 +宾语从句” Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. (3) whether + to do Please tell me whether to go or not. （ 4） 引导主语从句 ,表语从句及同位语从句 Whether well go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing. 规律： 4种情况只能用 whether ： （ 1）位于句子开头； （ 2）前面有介词； （ 3）引导主语、表语、同位语从句； （ 4）与 or not连用 (5) 后接 to do What 引导名词性从句 = 名词 + that 从句 He spent what seemed to be a long time in reading the novel. The time that He is living in what used to be a temple the place that Computer can only do what you have instructed it to do The things that They did not like what he wrote. The things that What he said was perfectly true. All that The other day my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. The speed that The way he did it was different from what we were used to The way that He is no longer what he used to be The person that The shopkeeper did not want to sell for what he thought was not enough The price that He tried to do some things that are important for several times but failed. A new school has been built in the place that used to be a wasteland. What is important what Our school is built _ there are a lot of trees 6、其余问题： 1. 误： I dont know if he comes back this month. 2. 误： I have no idea what had happened when I was away. 正： I dont know if he will come back this month. 正： I have no idea what happened when I was away. 时态 3.误： The reason is because he is ill. 4.误： Who leaves last turns off the light. 正： The reason is that he is ill. 正： Whoever leaves last turns off the light. Anyone who 一般说来， what/who等含特指意义， 而 whatever/whoever等含泛指意义， 意为“无论什么 /无论谁”。 It was a matter of whom would take the position. who 这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词 of宾语的，是后面 的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词 在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who(作宾语时自然要用 whom)。 3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most. 5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help. 6. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do. Anyone who anyone who Anyone (whom) anything that 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同 位语，这些名词常见的有， fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等 。引导同位语从 句的连词通常有 that和 whether, what, why, how 等。 (1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (4) They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. (5) I have no idea where he lives. 试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down.（定语从句） 连词 that在从句中 三不原则 that在从句中做成分 Tell the difference 1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. 3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. where引导的同位语 /宾语从句 /状语从句与定语从句的区别 They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. This is where I live The place where Ive just come from where the talk took place This is where I disagree. That is where youre wrong. Ive got where I am by hard work. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where the money is, theres the power. 1、注意 that 的用法 一 .主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用的 that 不能省略。 That they are good at English is known to us all. 二 .宾语从句中的连接词 that有时可省有时又不可省， 在以下几种情况中 that不能省略： 当 that宾语从句中间有插入词语 ,that不可省 He judged that ,because he was a child, he did not understand what he had said. 当 that 从句有并列从句时， that不能省； Everyone knew what happened and that she wa s worried. 当多个 that从句作并列宾语时 ,前面从句的 that可省可 不省 ,但最后一个 that不可以省 He knows (that) his English teacher is from England and that she has two children. 当 that作介词宾语时， that不可省掉。 如： The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do 2.注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别： A.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中 做成 分 ;而在同位语从句中连接词 不做成分 。 B.定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰 ,同位语从句 是对前面的名词进行 解释说明 。 1 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2 The news that you told us is really encouraging. 3、 whether和 if的用法 whether 可用于介词之后 . It all depends on whether they will come ba ck whether可用于不定式之前 I have not decided whether to go or not. 后面直接跟 or not 时用 whether。 . I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句句首中只 能用 whether，宾语从句中则两者都可 Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不 管”、“无论”，而 if不能。 If表示“如果”时， 不能用 whether。 Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. If I have enough time, I will play football. 4、 whatwhowhich + ever和 no matter + whatwhowhich的 区别 ： whatwhowhich + ever可引导名词性从句 和让步状语从句 Whoever breaks the rule must be punishe d. Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + whatwhowhich只能引导让 步状语从句 。如： No matter who breaks the rule, he must b e punished. 5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态 一致、主谓一致、语序 (1) 一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词常用单数： 如果由 and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做 主语时，谓语动词用复数； (2) 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓 语动词用单数。 如： When the meeting will begin_not be en decided yet. When they will start and where they go _ _not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin _ _not been decided. has have has 宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但 如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主 句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时 。如： The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed. 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序 。如： He asked me where we should meet. 6.关于 doubt 肯定句中 doubt后跟 if/whether，否定句 中 doubt后面跟 that. sb. doubts if/whether . sb. doesnt doubt that . There is no doubt that . There is no doubt that he will win the game. 巩固练习 1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing A if B what C whether D how 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right A that what B what that C that D whether 3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 4.Energy is _ makes things work A what B everything C something D anything 5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.He doesnt think the question _ they are men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why 7.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. be sent D. must go 8.Air is to us _ water is to fish A. is that B. what C. which D. that 9. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A.however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 11. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons. A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 12. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A.What B. That C. This D. Which 13 She received the message _ you sent her the other day. A. that B. which C. what D. when 14 _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, which 15.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that 16.I took _ for granted that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so 17.I heard _ said that he had great concern for his classmates. A. and B. that C. was D. it 18.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone 19. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 20. My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where 21. His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 22. My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept I think _ important to finish the work.
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