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湖北省咸宁市 2018 年初中毕业生学业考试英语试卷第一部分 听力第二部分 言知识运用五、单项选择 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入相应空格处的最佳 选项。1. President Xi Jinping paid important visit to the US in 2017. And he was warmly welcomed by Donald Trump, 45th American president.A. a; the B. an; the C. the; a D. an; a【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：2017年，习近平主席对美国进行了一次重要访问。他受到了美国第45任总统唐纳德.特朗普的热烈欢迎。考查冠词。根据句意：2017年，习近平主席对美国进行了一次重要访问。他受到了美国第45任总统唐纳德.特朗普的热烈欢迎。可知，第一个空，泛指一次重要的访问，important所以元音音素开头的单词，所以用an来形式；第二个空，序数词前面通常用定冠词the；故答案选B。2. Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways. Thats of the worlds total.A. two third B. two-third C. two thirds D. two three【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：现在中国有大约25000公里的高速铁路。这是世界总量的三分之二。一般情况下，表示分数时，分子要用基数词，分母要用序数词，如果分子大于1，表示分母的序数词要用复数形式，如：two thirds 三分之二。故答案为C。3. Could you give me a few on how to spend the coming summer holiday? OK, let me see.A. hobbies B. suggestions C. knowledge D. information【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你能给我一些关于如何度过即将到来的暑假的建议吗？好的，让我想想。A. hobbies爱好；B. suggestions建议；C. knowledge知识；D. information信息。a few修饰可数名词，knowledge，information为不可数名词，因此要排除C,D答案；结合句意可知，请求对方给出一些度假的建议，故答案为B。4. Mom, I play computer games this evening? Sure, but you finish your homework first.A. can; must B. can; mustnt C. may; could D. may; cant【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：妈妈，今晚我能玩电脑游戏吗？当然可以，但是你必须先完成家庭作业。Can/May I？我可以做吗？表示一种请求。must必须；mustnt禁止，千万别；could可以；cant不能。根据Sure判断，妈妈答应了请求，但是提出一个条件，必须首先完成家庭作业，故答案为A。5. Mary, how can I get to Xianning from Wuhan next week? Youd better take a train. the suitable trains in the timetable.A. Set up B. Look up C. Take up D. Put up【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：玛丽，下个星期我怎样才能从武汉到达咸宁？你最好坐火车去。在时间表中查找合适的列车。A. Set up建立；B. Look up查找；C. Take up从事；D. Put up张贴，举起。根据选项，结合句意可知，答案为B。6. The 19th National Congress of the CPC(中共十九大) in Beijing last year. Our country has been into a new era(时代) since then.A. held B. was held C. has held D. had held【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：去年，中共第十九次全国代表大会在北京举行。从那时起，我国进入了一个新的时代。A. held一般过去时；B. was held一般过去时的被动语态；C. has held 现在完成时态；D. had held过去完成时态。根据时间状语last year判断，句子的时态为一般过去时，主语The 19th National Congress of the CPC与hold之间是被动的关系，因此要用被动语态的形式，故答案为B。7. High-speed trains, Mobile payment, Sharing bikes and Online shopping are called four new great inventions of modern China. They our daily lives more convenient.A. have made B. had made C. have been made D. made【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购被称为“中国四大新发明”。它们使我们的日常生活更加便利。A. have made现在完成时； B. had made过去完成时；C. have been made现在完成时态的被动语态；D. made一般过去时态。中国新的四大发明已经给我们的生活带来了极大的便利，需要用现在完成时态来表达，故答案为A。8. Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom? Sorry, but our teachers always tell us in the river.A. dont swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：你愿意和我一起去游泳吗，汤姆？对不起，但是我们的老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，结合句意可知，答案为C。9. Harry Potter is an interesting novel I want to read it again. I agree with you.A. so; that B. too; to C. such; that D. as; as【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：哈利波特是如此有趣的一部小说，我想再读一遍。我同意你的看法。too形容词或副词to动词原形，意思是“太而不能”；such.that.和so.that.意思都是“如此以至于”，such后接名词，so后接形容词或副词，that后接从句。as+形容词或副词原级+ as意思是“与一样”，用于原级比较。第二个空格后为从句，排除故B，D；novel 为 名词，形容词interesting作定语修饰novel，such an interesting novel如此有趣的一部小说，故选C。【点睛】sothat引导结果状语从句，so后面加形容词或副词，其意为“如此以至于”。如：1) This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it. 这本书很有趣，人人都想看看。2) He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得那么快，我没赶上他。so that引导目的状语从句，其从句中的谓语动词通常和can, may, should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，为了，使能够”。如：They got up early so that they could catch the early bus. 为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。另外such that也是引导的结果状语从句，such后面跟名词，如：This is such an interesting book that everyone wants to read it.10. What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV? Its a great TV show expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.A. whom B. who C. whose D. that【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：你对中央电视台的节目朗读者有什么看法？这是一个很棒的电视节目，通过公开朗读来表达我们的真实感受。A. whom关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中只能作宾语；B. who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语；C. whose先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作定语；D. that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。此句的先行词为TV show，指物，因此引导词要用关系代词that，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为D。【点睛】在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)，例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。11. What did the teacher say to you? He asked me .A. why I am late for class B. if had I prepared my exams wellC. when did I do my homework D. how I could design my plan【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：老师对你说了什么？他问我如何设计我的计划。此句考查宾语从句的时态和语序，宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，首先可以排除B,C选项，因为它们都是一般疑问句的语序；当主句是一般过去时态时，宾语从句一般要用过去时态的某种形式（客观真理除外），此句的主句是一般过去时态，排除A选项，故答案为D。【点睛】宾语从句是中考必考的语法项目，主要考查三个方面的内容：语序，连接词和时态。1. 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。2. 连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。3. 时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。12. What do your parents do before ? They usually sweep away the dust(灰尘) of the old year and welcome a fresh start.A. the Lantern Festival B. the Spring FestivalC. the Mid-autumn Day D. the Dragon Boat Festival【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你父母在春节前做什么？他们通常扫除旧年的尘土，迎接新的开始。A. the Lantern Festival元宵节；B. the Spring Festival春节；C. the Mid-autumn Day中秋节；D. the Dragon Boat Festival端午节。新年是辞旧迎新的时刻，故答案为B。13. Wu Dajing was the first Chinese man to win an Olympic short-track(短道) gold medal. He practiced skating as hard as he could all year round. .A. Rome was not built in a day B. Many hands make light workC. Actions speak louder than words D. Where there is life, there is hope【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：武大靖是第一个获得奥运短道速滑金牌的中国男运动员。他一年到头都在尽可能地练习滑冰。A. Rome was not built in a day冰冻三尺非一日之寒! B. Many hands make light work众人拾柴火焰高；C. Actions speak louder than words事实胜于雄辩；D. Where there is life, there is hope留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。结合语境“He practiced skating as hard as he could all year round.”可知，世界冠军所取得的成绩来之不易，故答案A符合题意。六、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以 填入相应空白处的最佳选项。A friend wrote me a letter a few weeks ago. He felt _14_ at the time. He _15_ his letter with this question: We cant really change this crazy world we live in, can we? I _16_ to him and started my own letter with these words: Yes, we most certainly can! I can still remember someone who changed my world. She was the _17_ teacher at my primary school. I liked her music class and I wanted to impress(给留下印象) her. _18_, I didnt know how to play any instruments.One day, she let me try playing her guitar. I did my best, but could only stumble along(断断续 续地弹奏). When I finished playing, I put my _19_ down. I guess I am not very good. I told her. She looked at me with her _20_ eyes, smiled at me and said, We are all good at something. You just need to find out _21_ you are good at. Then, you can share it with the world._22_ simple words changed me. They _23_ a seed(种子) in my heart that continues to grow to this day. They made me realize that I had something good inside of me. I just had to find it and share it.Can you change the world? Yes, you can! You can change it through one choice, one person or one kind act at a time. _24_ you have to do is to share your goodness. Mother Teresa once said, God doesnt ask us to do _25_ things, but small things with great love. So make your love great!14. A. glad B. homeless C. hopeful D. hopeless15. A. posted B. ended C. added D. continued16. A. replied B. answered C. said D. phoned17. A. math B. Chinese C. English D. music18. A. But B. Luckily C. However D. Especially19. A. head B. hand C. face D. fingers20. A. tired B. kind C. sad D. quiet21. A. that B. whose C. what D. why22. A. This B. That C. His D. Those23. A. harvested B. fed C. planted D. watered24. A. Both B. All C. Nothing D. Either25. A. great B. small C. good D. bad【答案】14. D 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A【解析】作者的朋友来信告知他自己的失落和不顺，然后作者通过自己的经历告诉朋友，我们每个人都可以通过自己的闪光点来改变这个世界，让这个世界变得更美好。【14题详解】句意：那时他感到很绝望。A. glad高兴的；B. homeless无家可归的；C. hopeful抱有希望的；D. hopeless绝望的。根据后面的句子“We cant really change this crazy world we live in, can we?” (我们真的不能改变我们生活的这个疯狂世界，对吧？)可知，作者的朋友对现实感到很绝望，故答案为D。【15题详解】句意：他用一个问题结束了他的信：“我们真的不能改变我们生活的这个疯狂世界，对吧？” A. posted张贴，邮寄；B. ended结束；C. added添加；D. continued继续。根据I 3 to him and started my own letter with these words: Yes, we most certainly can!可知，作者的朋友在书信的末尾向作者提出了一个问题，故答案为B。【16题详解】句意：我给他进行了回复，并用这些话开始了我自己的信“不，我们当然可以改变！” A. replied回复；B. answered回答；C. said说，注重说话的内容；D. phoned打电话。reply to sb.给某人回复，此处指回信，故答案为A。【17题详解】句意：她是我小学的音乐老师。A. math数学；B. Chinese汉语；C. English英语；D. music音乐。根据后面的句子“I liked her music class and I wanted to impress(给留下印象) her.”可知，此处指作者的音乐老师，故答案为D。【18题详解】句意：然而，我不知道如何演奏乐器。A. But但是；B. Luckily幸运地；C. However然而，无论如何；D. Especially尤其地。however与but 两者都做“但是，然而”讲，从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however要强。从语序上看，but总是位于所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于句首、句中和句末，同时从标点符号上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开。故答案为C。【19题详解】句意：我低下了头。A. head头；B. hand手；C. face脸；D. fingers手指。根据前后的句子I did my best, but could only stumble along(断断续续地弹奏). I guess I am not very good.可知，作者认为自己吉他弹的不怎么样，惭愧地低下头，故答案为A。【20题详解】句意：她用慈祥的目光看着我。A. tired疲劳的；B. kind善良的；C. sad悲伤的；D. quiet安静的。根据后面的句子“smiled at me and said,”老师向着作者微笑，可以判断老师的目光中充满了友善与慈祥，故答案为B。【21题详解】句意：你只需要知道你擅长什么。A. that那个；B. whose谁的；C. what什么；D. why为什么。此句是宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词在从句中作be good at的宾语，that作为宾语从句的连接词，不作任何成分，whose作定语，why作状语，只有what可以用作宾语，故答案为C。【22题详解】句意：那些简单的话改变了我。A. This这个；B. That那个；C. His他的；D. Those那些。words为名词复数形式，this/that均不能修饰复数名词，作者的老师是一名女教师，his也不符合题意，故答案为D。【23题详解】句意：他们在我的心里种下了一颗种子，持续生长到今天。A. harvested收获；B. fed饲养；C. planted种植；D. watered浇水。动词的宾语为a seed，因此谓语动词为planted，答案为C。【24题详解】句意：你所要做的就是分享你的善良。A. Both两者都；B. All全部的；C. Nothing没有什么东西；D. Either两者中任一个。此句是一个主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，All you have to do=What you have to do你要做的。All充当do的宾语，故答案为B。【25题详解】句意：上帝不要求我们做伟大的事情，而是拥有大爱的小事情。A. great伟大的，杰出的；B. small小的；C. good好的；D. bad坏的。根据后面的句子“but small things with great love”可知，与small向对应的是great，故答案为A。第三部分 阅读理解七、阅读理解 阅读下列短文。51-60 小题为选择题，从每篇短文后所给每小题的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案；61-65 小题为填空题。AShang Yang was a politician of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking(有远见的). He worked out several reform plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards(奖赏) to soldiers who were successful during war.But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shangs talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust and confidence in him.To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly: People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces.It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces.The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting(推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him.Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story.26. Shang Yangs reforms .A. were never trusted by people B. made Qin grow strongC. were carried out easily at the beginning D. focused on farming and education27. To let people trust him, Shang Yang .A. ordered many young men to join the armyB. gave a reward to anyone who supported himC. showed that he could keep his promisesD. introduced his reforms at the south gate of the capital28. What does the underlined word “unbelievable” mean in the passage?A. 不能实现的 B. 不可能的 C. 难以理解的 D. 难以置信的29. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?A. The Chinese idiom “立木取信” just came from this story.B. Under the reforms, Qin united all the states.C. The man who carried the pole to the north gate was paid only 10 gold pieces.D. At first, only a few people in the state understood the advantages of Shang Yangs plans.30. Whats the main idea of this story?A. Earning peoples trust is never easy.B. Keeping promises can earn peoples trust.C. Money can lead people to do anything in the world.D. Reforms are important for a country to develop.【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B【解析】短文讲述了秦朝的商鞅变法。商鞅为了取得国人的信任使变法得以有效实施，想出了一个“立木取信”的办法，赢得了众人的信任与支持，商鞅变法使秦朝强大起来，统一了全国。同时故事也告诉我们只有信守诺言才能赢得人们的信任。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段的句子“Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire of China.”可知，商鞅变法使秦朝变得强大起来，故答案为B。【27题详解】细节理解题。为了取得众人的信任与支持，商鞅采取了“立木取信”的方法，表明他可以信守诺言，故答案为C。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据上一段中的句子“It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking.”可知，人们都不相信商鞅说的话，认为他不会兑现自己的承诺，当赏金达到50金币的时候，更加令人难以置信。故答案为D。【29题详解】判断正误题。根据短文最后一段的句子Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom “立木取信” from this story.可知，立木取信源于这个故事，商鞅变法使秦统一了全国，A,B答案正确；根据“True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.”可知，那个扛杆子到北门的男子得到了50金币的赏金，C答案错误；根据第二段中的句子“But at the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shangs talent and the advantages of his plans.”可知，起初只有少数人支持商鞅变法。D答案正确。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据短文倒数第二段中的句子“Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting(推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him.”可知，只有信守诺言才能赢得人们的信任。故答案为B。BIf you want to travel from Xian to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xian-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.The 643-kilometer line is Chinas first high-speed railway to run through the QinlingMountains, which form a natural boundary(分界线) between Chinas north and south. With a speed of 250 km per hour, its also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network.Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare(稀有) wild animals one for pandas and the other for crested ibises(朱鹮).To reduce the railways influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly, China Daily reported.In September, there were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China now has l,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency.To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels(隧道)within the area. Protective shields(防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.To avoid hurting the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up along the tracks to make sure the birds will not fly into a train.The nets are about 32 km long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice.(A report in December, 2017)31. From this month, it will take to travel from Xian to Chengdu by the high-speed train.A. 16 hours B. 13 hours C. 6 hours D. 3 hours32. Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xian-Chengdu railway?A. It is Chinas first high-speed railway.B. It runs through the Qinling Mountains.C. It is the first mountain-heavy train line.D. It is the first train line with a 4G network.33. Why was the railway designed and built to be environmentally friendly?A. To save money and energy.B. To avoid harming wild animals.C. To avoid damaging the mountains.D. To help the train run through tunnels quietly.34. What are experts using to stop animals from going into the tunnels?A. Entrances. B. Tracks. C. Protective shields. D. Protective nets.35. This news about the new railway is reported by _.A. China Daily B. the Xinhua News Agency C. the 4G network D. CCTV【答案】31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A【解析】这是一篇关于西安-成都高速铁路即将开通的报道。这条643公里的线路是中国第一条贯穿秦岭的高速铁路，使以前从西安乘火车到成都16个小时的车程缩短行车时间至三小时。为了减少铁路对野生动物的影响，专家们在设计高铁线路的时候为避免打扰到野生动物做出了很多努力。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子“But starting this month, the new Xian-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.”可知，乘高速列车从西安到成只需要3个小时。故答案为D。【32题详解】判断正误题。根据文中句子“The 643-kilometer line is Chinas first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary(分界线) between Chinas north and south.”可知，西安-成都高速铁路是中国第一条贯穿秦岭的高速铁路，故B答案正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文中句子“To reduce the railways influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly,”可知，为了减少铁路对野生动物的影响，专家们在设计铁路上做出了很大的努力，充分考虑到周围的环境，故答案为B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文中句子“Protective shields(防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.”可知，为了阻止动物进入隧道，在隧道口附近设立了防护屏，故答案为C。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文中句子“To reduce the railways influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly, China Daily reported.”可知，中国日报报道了这条新铁路的消息。故答案为A。CFire is useful and important to us. You use it to cook meals every day. But if you are not careful, the fire may take place anytime. Many people get hurt or die in fires. So knowing how to/prtekt/ yourself in the fire is very important.When the fire happens, the first thing you must do is to find safe routes(路线) to get away quickly. If you are in the taller floors of the building, you cant use the lift. You should run outalong the stairs. From the lower floors of the building, you can jump out through the window if it is /nessri/ .If you cant get out of the room, you must be careful of the smoke. 事实上，大部分人在 火灾中都死于浓烟。Find something wet to cover your nose and mouth. Keep low to the ground, and you will take in(吸入) less smoke. And you can also open the window, keep your headoutside to get fresh air and shout for help.Remember: Nothing is more important than your life. You must leave everything behind, your money, your pets and so on. After youre out, dont go back for anything. .36. 填写单词：根据文中、两处音标填写单词。/prtekt/ _; /nessri/ _37. 将文中处划线句子翻译成汉语：_38. 将文中处划线句子翻译成英语：_39. 补全短文：从下面四个选项中
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