从词法和句法入手巧解短文改错题

从词法和句法入手巧解短文改错题一、从词法入手1. 冠词考查分两个方面：一是冠词的缺省或多余，考生要注意 关于含有冠词（不含冠词）的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别。如： in front of 与 in the front of, in hospital与 in the hospital 的区别。二是冠词the, a, an （定冠词和不定冠词）之间的相互误用。2. 名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词，这主要是受东西方文化 差异的影响，英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外，可数名词 要用复数形式。3. 代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑 问代词、复合不定代词、指示代词，要注意代词的各人称之间和单复 数之间的误用，关系代词which, that之间的误用，关系代词that 与疑问代词what之间的误用，关系代词which与关系副词when, where以及what与how的误用等。4. 动词是短文改错的重点和难点，因为它涉及到动词的时态和 语态误用，非谓语动词的误用（主要是现在分词与过去分词之间的误 用，动词不定式符号to的添加，动词原形变成动名词或现在分词的 形式等），动词的动作、结果与状态之间的误用（例如：listen与hear； look与see； watch与notice等），以及动词的误用。5. 对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及它们之间的相互误用和它 们的比较等级的误用。另外，考生应该注意形容词与名词或代词的位 置关系，副词与动词的位置关系，以及形容词与副词的位置关系。6. 连词主要有两类，即并列连词和从属连词，考查点主要是并 列连词（分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种）之间的误用（主要 是but与so/and之间的误用），从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与 从属连词之间的误用等。7. 介词主要涉及到相关介词的误用，例如：John went to school through a bridge three times a day. （through 改为 across）二、从句法入手A. 一致性问题1. 主谓一致。如：What are your favourite sports？【分析】are改为is。这是对疑问句主谓一致的考查。Playing football not only makes us grow up tall.【分析】Play改为Playing。动词原形加-ing构成动名词形 式，与谓语动词makes 一致。2. 时态一致。如：It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me home.【分析】drove改为drive。连词and连接的是两个并列的动 作 meet 和 drive。They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing.【分析】have改为had。上文记述的是过去发生的事情，故下文也应用过去时。Hello, I learn about you from my English teacher.【分析】learn改为learned。从老师那儿知道，是过去发 生的行为，故用过去时。My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team.【分析】was改为am。整篇文章描述现在的情况，用的是一般 现在时。3. 名词的单复数一致及名词与冠词搭配。如：He sat down and asked me lots of question.【分析】question改为questions。question为可数名词， 用在lots of后面，应加-s。We study quite a few subject, such as maths.【分析】subject改为subjects。a few后面应跟可数名词的 复数形式。She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me suess.【分析】schoolmate应改为schoolmates。此处同学为复数 概念，应加上-s。As everyone knows, its famous mountain with different kinds of plants and animals.【分析】 在 famous mountain 前加 a。4. 代词的性、数一致。如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.【分析】his改为their。主语The Smiths用以指代一家人或 夫妇俩，后面的代词应该用their。5. 语意一致。如：She was smiling but nodding at me.【分析】but改为and。微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。B. 词义的重叠。如：Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to.【分析】这一题是考查英汉不同的表达习惯。汉语的第一次 访问，英语说my first visit即可，time是多余的。First, let me tell you something more about myself.【分析】作者在这里是第一次向对方介绍自己的情况，不存在 更多，故应删去more 一词。Whenever I see them, I often think of my English teacher.【分析】此题易受汉语的影响，造成语意上的重叠。每当我 看见它们，我总会想起我的英语教师。但英语中whenever之后一般 不用often。C. 逻辑关系及习惯用法。如：I live in Bei g, where is the capital of China.【分析】where改为which。考查定语从句中关系代词与关系 副词的用法。此处where应改为which,因为它在定语从句中作主语。I d like to your pen friend.【分析】在Id like to后加be或bee。It was very kind for you to meet me at the railway station.【分析】将本句中for改为of。【范例】Mary was reading the newspaper. The newspaper say,1. Write a story about what your Mom is the best Mom. 2.A ten best stories will win a nice present for Mom. 3.Sending your stories to us. 4. Mary wrote to her Mom,MyMom loves us. She listens to 5.our problems. She helps us feel better when we are 6.sad. Even though she works, she spends times with 7.Tom, Mike and I each night. She reads to us and 8. help us with our homework. She is teaching us to be 9.kindly and to work hard. Do you think Mom won? 10.【答案与分析】1. 该行从时态角度去考虑。首先,newspaper是第三人数单数， 谓语动词say不应该是原形；其次，这篇短文以陈述一件事为主，这 句应该用一般过去时态，故应将原形动词say改为过去式said。2. 该行从词语搭配角度去考虑，应将what改为why。这句话 的意思是为什么你妈妈是最好的妈妈，故what放在这儿是解释不 通的。3. 该行从冠词用法去考虑。十篇最好的故事应该是特指，故 应把A改为定冠词The。4. 该行从句子结构角度去考虑。祈使句用动词原形。Sending 改为Send。5. 该行从上下文角度去考虑。write to somebody是写给某人， 而这句的意思是写有关妈妈的事情。to改为about。6. ?菁7.改行从词义角度去考虑。time作时间解时，是不 可数名词，这句的意思就是妈妈每晚都和孩子们共度时光。应去掉-s。8. 该行属人称代词错用。with是介词，应该用人称代词宾格 来充当介词宾语。I改为me。9. 该行属主谓搭配不当。and并列连接了两个并列谓语：reads to us 和 helps us with our homework。help 改为 helps。10. 该行属形容词和副词混用。kindly是副词，应改为kind,作be的表语。内容仅供参考