学术英语(社科)_Uint 4含答案

学术英语 社科,Academic English for Social Sciences,4,We live in a world today that is increasingly more complex. Why are the living conditions of our times so different from those of earlier times? How will our lives change in the future? These are the questions that lead us to the study of sociology.,The Study of Society and People,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Lead-in,Task Listen to a talk twice and complete the following notes.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,1 The questions the speaker raises in the talk are: a Why does everyone _ ? b Why cant people _? c Why is she spending her money _? d Why doesnt the government _? e Why is the state _in a _? f What about that _? 2 Sociologists study _, look for _ _.,need an SUV,carpool,on lottery tickets,invest more in public transportation,running a lottery,convenience store,cup of premium coffee you bought,social patterns that many people share,organized and governed,root causes of such social patterns in the way society is,Text A,Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose,Specialized vocabulary Collocations Formal and informal English Signpost language,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis How do the authors develop the text?,Tragic mass murder at Columbine High School Ethnic cleansing War in Kosovo How do the authors describe the world we live today in? awash with change, marked by deep conflicts, tensions, social divisions; marked by the destructive onslaught of modern technology,1 Introduce the topic of sociology by using the example.,Text A,Critical reading and thinking of Text A,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis 2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature and having no connection with marriage. e.g. In the Middle age and for centuries after ward (Para. 6),How do the authors develop the text?,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature teach us to try to identify general patterns of behavior and be systematic in explaining the social influences on these patterns.,How do the authors develop the text?,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature “think ourselves away” from _.,them anew,The study of sociology,How to think sociologically?,the imagination,the familiar routines of our daily lives in order to look at,Task 2 Answer the following questions.,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,1 How does the author describe the world we live in today? 2 Why does the author raise the three questions in Paragraph 2? 3 Why do people fall in love according to the authors? 4 Why did men and women marry in the Middle Ages?,The author describes that the world we live in today is intensely worrying, yet full of the most extraordinary promise for the future.,The author wants to show us what is the prime concern of sociology.,Because love expresses mutual physical and personal attachment two individuals feel for one another.,Mainly in order to keep property in the hands of family or to raise children to work the family farm.,Task 2 Answer the following questions.,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,5 Where did romantic love make its first appearance? 6 How were the relations between husband and wife among aristocratic groups?,Its first appearance made in courtly circles.,The relations are cool and distant.,Task 2 Answer the following questions.,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,7 What is basic to the sociological outlook? 8 What are the differences between ordinary people and sociologists in explaining the mass murder at Columbine High School?,Understanding the subtle yet complex and profound ways in which our individual lives reflect the contexts of our social experience is basic to the sociological outlook.,Ordinary peoples explanations focus on the social causes of violence in the United States, whereas sociologists can bring an even deeper understanding. For example, sociologists might study other mass murders and consider if there was a pattern in the group characteristics.,Task 3 In Paragraph 12, the authors roughly explain how a sociologist would study the Columbine High School massacre. Suppose you were a sociologist, work in pairs and examine the case. You may:,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,1 Search the Internet for more information about the mass murder, the U.S. young generation, their living conditions etc. 2 Explore the case like a sociologist. 3 Have a discussion about it with your partner. 4 Report your findings to the class.,Task 4 Consider the simple act of a Chinese drinking a cup of coffee. Work in pairs and explore the behavior from a sociologists view. Think about:,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,What is coffee? What does it symbolize?,Coffee is not just a refreshment. It possesses symbolic value as part of our day-to-day social activities. Often the ritual associated with coffee drinking is much more important than the act of consuming the drink itself. Two people who arrange to meet for coffee are probably more interested in getting together and chatting than in what they actually drink.,Task 4 Consider the simple act of a Chinese drinking a cup of coffee. Work in pairs and explore the behavior from a sociologists view. Think about:,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,What are the relations between coffee drinkers and the people involved in the production, transport, and distribution of coffee?,An individual who drinks a cup of coffee is caught up in a complicated set of social and economic relationships stretching across the world. The production, transport, and distribution of coffee require continuous transactions between people thousands of miles away from the coffee drinker. Studying such global transactions is an important task of sociology, since many aspects of our lives are now affected by worldwide social influences and communications.,Task 4 Consider the simple act of a Chinese drinking a cup of coffee. Work in pairs and explore the behavior from a sociologists view. Think about:,Text A,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,What does the Chinese peoples act of sipping a cup of coffee remind you of? (e.g. social and economic development, Western lifestyles, origin of coffee etc.),The act of sipping a cup of coffee presumes a whole process of past social and economic development. Along with other now-familiar items of Western diets like tea, bananas, potatoes, and white sugar coffee only became widely consumed from the late 1800s. Although the drink originated in the Middle East, its mass consumption dates from the period of Western colonial expansion about a century and a half ago.,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Translate the following sociological terms from English into Chinese or vice versa.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,1 social division 2 social being 3 intellectual life 4 human emotion 5 social class 6 人类的社会生活,社会分工,社会人,精神生活,人类情感,社会阶级,human social life,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Translate the following sociological terms from English into Chinese or vice versa.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,7 全球的社会进程 8 婚姻幸福 9 公共场所 10 和他人交往 11 社会环境 12 行为模式 13 文化背景,socialize with others,global social process,marital happiness,cultural background,public places,social context,patterns of behavior,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the terms in the box.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,cultural background intellectual life marital happiness pattern of behavior public place social class,1 This study examines the effects of _ on the acceptation of information and communications technology in developing countries. 2 _ is a judgment made by a spouse that indicates the sense of well-being or satisfaction he or she experiences in the marital relationship. 3 When sociologists talk of _, they refer to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the economic system of production.,cultural background,Marital happiness,social class,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Specialized vocabulary,Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the terms in the box.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,cultural background intellectual life marital happiness pattern of behavior public place social class,4 If we understand that a child works to perfect the adult she or he will become, then we must look at the _ that emerge in childhood as indicators of the adult personality. 5 It is now common practice for smoking to be banned in workplaces such as offices and in other enclosed _ such as cinemas, buses and trains. 6 Yale Law School enhances the _ of its academic community by sponsoring a variety of centers, programs, and workshops, inspired by the interests of its faculty and students.,pattern of behavior,public places,intellectual life,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 2 Signpost language,Complete the sentences with the words and expressions listed above. There may be more than one correct answer.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,1 A new security system was installed. _, extra guards were hired. 2 _, I would like to thank all those people who helped make the conference such a success. 3 _ catching errors, object-oriented systems can shelter the user from the complexity of dealing with lots of different kinds of data. 4 _, Jack would not allow it, and _, I dont think mom would like it much either.,In addition,Finally,In addition to,second,First,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 2 Signpost language,Complete the sentences with the words and expressions listed above. There may be more than one correct answer.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,5 Here are some quick hints that can help make revision easier. _, set your first draft aside for a while. You can then come back to the draft with a fresh, more objective point of view. _, in revising a paper, you should read and reread it several times, for it is impossible to notice all the errors and things that need changing in one or two hasty readings. _, as you read your paper, add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper. Your written comments can serve as a guide when you work on the next draft.,Finally,First,Second,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 3 Formal English,Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.,1 Romantic love first made its appearance in courtly circles as a characteristic of extramarital sexual adventures indulged in by members of the aristocracy.,appeared,Key:,2 A brief example will provide an initial taste of the nature and objectives of sociology.,Key:,goals,3 The theory might assert that high inflation arises when the government prints too much money.,Key:,appears,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 3 Formal English,Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.,4 Sociology demonstrates the need to take a much broader view of why we are as we are, and why we act as we do.,shows,Key:,5 Some countries are industrializing and may suffer some of the disruptions that analogous parts of the West encountered at similar stages of their development early in the 20th century.,Key:,met,6 Learning to think sociologically looking, in other words, at the broader view means cultivating the imagination.,Key:,developing,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Language building-up,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 3 Formal English,Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.,7 we need to imagine, for example, what the experience of sex and marriage is like for people the majority of humankind until recently to whom ideals of romantic love appear alien or even absurd.,strange,Key:,8 Studying sociology cannot be just a routine process of acquiring knowledge.,Key:,gaining,9 The sociological imagination requires us, above all, to “think ourselves away” from the familiar routines of our daily lives in order to look at them anew.,Key:,in a new way,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text B,Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text B,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis,What is the main reason according to sociologists?,The sociological debate: the gender pay gap,Sex segregation or gender typing.,Text B,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis,Sex segregation the fact that men and women are concentrated in different occupations e.g. In 1989 jobs that were over 80 percent female and jobs that were over 80 percent make are as follows:,Text B,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis,The gender composition of a job is associated with the pay received for that job. Jobs pay less if they contain a higher proportion of females. An Equal Pay Act in 1963 has done little to eradicate pay differences attributable to gender.,Text B,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis,How occupational segregation leads to a gender gap in pay?,Sociologists and economists differ in their explanations.,Text B,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text Analysis,Text B,Difficult sentences,The reason that sex segregation is problematic is because the gender composition of a job is associated with the pay received for that job. (Para. 4), If there is sex segregation in occupations then the pay received for certain jobs are not based on the intrinsic value of the work but on the gender composition, that is to say, if an occupation is predominantly female, the jobs are paid less.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text B,Difficult sentences,Central to this argument is the assumption that womens primary allegiance is to home and family; thus they seek undemanding “dead-end” jobs that require little personal investment in training or skills acquisition so that they can better tend to their household responsibilities. (Para. 7), The main assumption behind the argument is that women try to find jobs that are not challenging, and are not promising because such jobs do not demand much training and skills. They do this because they want to devote much of their time and energy to household work.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Text B,Difficult sentences,girls may choose occupations such as teacher or nurse, which are viewed as compatible with “feminine” traits such as warmth or nurturance. (Para. 8), girls may choose jobs such as teacher or nurse. These jobs are regarded as suitable for girls as they fit the descriptions of warmth or nurturance which are often associated with women.,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Specialized vocabulary,Text B,English language for academic purpose,gender pay gap sex segregation gender typing public policymaker human capital Socialization gender role gender ideology,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,性别隔离,性别特征,人力资本,男女收入差距,决策人,社会化,性别角色,性别意识,Collocation,Text B,English language for academic purpose,be disadvantaged by eradicate pay differences be attributable to formal schooling on several grounds be compatible with provide backpay,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Task 1 Economists and sociologists differ in their explanations of how occupational sex segregation leads to a gender gap in pay. Work in pairs and complete the table about how they differ.,Text B,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,the constraints women face,theory,human capital,human capital theory,select occupations that are,easy to move in and out of,undemanding jobs,choosing occupations,blocking women from freely,society,power differentials between men,and women in the workplace and,Task 2 Work in pairs. Discuss whose view you are in favor of, the economists or the sociologists, and explain why.,Text B,Suggested answers,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Researching,Task Work in groups of 4-5. Carry out a research about whether there is a gender pay gap in China. You may search the Internet or libraries for relevant statistics, factors, examples etc.,1 Define what is a gender pay gap. 2 Search the Internet for related statistics and cases. 3 Find out possible reasons. 4 Discuss and give possible solutions. 5 Present your findings to the class.,Listening,Note-taking symbols (1) Listening tasks,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Note-taking symbols (1) Symbols and abbreviations are useful to enable effective note-taking.,Listening,Academic activities,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Some commonly shared symbols: and courts strike down the regulations as violating the First Amendment freedom of speech; and we end up right where we started. Paraphrase: Howard M. Wasserman sees a recurring pattern to many First Amendment challenges. He says that when the government tries to create a more mannered atmosphere by setting rules to reduce instances of profanity and “protect public and personal sensitivities,” the efforts are struck down in court as a violation of free speech.,Writing tasks,Writing,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,Task 2 Check the paper you are working on and make sure to avoid plagiarism.,Do the following tasks:,Get ready for the next unit,Unit 4The Study of Society and People,1. Find out main points of Text A; 2. Define the key terms with examples; 3. Mark the specialized vocabulary and explain them. 4. Underline the collocations you think important.,