组织行为学--领导理论与模型讲义

2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 0 in Chapter 3Leadership本课程本课程着重阐述着重阐述领导理论与模型领导理论与模型PowerPoint by Zhumin :2004-5-23 2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 1 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition学习目标学习目标概述特质理论的结论.说明行为理论的局限性.描述费德勒的权变模型.概述路径目标理论模型.解释情境领导理论.解释领导者参与模型.界定领袖魅力的领导者所拥有的品质.2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 2 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition什么是领导？什么是领导？领导是否应该是非强制性的？领导与管理之间的区别.领导的定义：一种影响一个群体实现目标的 能力.2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 3 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：特质理论一领导理论的变迁：特质理论一特质理论：领导者6项特质-进取心领导意愿正直与老实自信智慧与工作相关的知识高自我控制者2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 4 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：行为理论二领导理论的变迁：行为理论二 俄亥俄州立大学的研究-结构唯度Initiating structure):领导者更愿意界定和建构自己与下属的角色.关心唯度consideration:领导者尊重和关心下属的看法与情感，更愿意建立相互信任的工作关系.结论：高结构高关心领导者更能使下属取得高工作绩效和高满意度.2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 5 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：行为理论二领导理论的变迁：行为理论二密执安大学的研究-员工导向的领导者employee-orient leader):重视人际关系.生产导向的领导者production-orient leader:强调技术和任务.结论：员工导向的领导者者与高群体生产率和高工作满意度成正相关，而生产导向领导者成负相关.2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 6 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：行为理论二领导理论的变迁：行为理论二管理方格理论-2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 7 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：行为理论二领导理论的变迁：行为理论二 斯堪的纳维学者的研究-在俄亥俄州立大学的研究根底上加上第三个唯度：开展唯度结论：开展导向的领导者development-orient leader)更令下属满意，被下属评价为更有能力.2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 8 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三费德勒模型contingency model-确定领导风格：最难共事者least preferred coworker questionnaire,LPC问卷确定情境：领导者成员关系leader-member relations 任务结构task structure 职位权力position power领导者与情境的匹配：任务取向的领导者在非常有利的情境和非常不利的情境下工作更有利；而关系取向的领导者那么在中等有利的情境中干得更好.2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 9 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三费德勒模型有利中等不利任务取向关系取向工作绩效好差好好好好差差差差高高低低高高低低强强强弱强弱强弱1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 类型领导者成员关系任务结构职位权利2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 10 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三赫赛和布兰查德的情境理论situational leadership theory高关系低任务低关系低任务高任务低低关系高任务高关系授权参与推销指示S4S3S2S1高领导者行为任务行为指导行为低高关系行为支持行为0高R4有能力并愿意R3有能力但不愿意R2无能力但愿意R1无能力且不愿意下属的成熟度指示：推销：参与：授权：2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 11 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导者成员交换理论leader-member exchange theory,LMX-个人的相容性，下属的能力，和/或外倾的个性特点领导者下属A下属B下属C下属D下属E下属F正式关系相互作用多信任2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 12 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三路径目标理论path-goal theory-效果 绩效 满意度下属的权变因素控制点经验感知到的能力环境的权变因素任务结构正式权利系统工作群体领导者行为指导型参与型支持型成就取向型2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 13 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导参与模型leader-participation model-模型认为，对于某种情境而言，5种行为中的任何一种都是可行的AI专制1：AII(专制2)：CI(磋商1)：CII(磋商2)：GII(群体决策):2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 14 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导理论的变迁：权变理论三领导有时是无关紧要的：特点关系取向领导任务取向领导个体经验/培训专业对奖励的淡然态度无影响替代无效替代替代无效工作高结构化任务提供自身反响满足个体需要无影响替代替代替代无影响无影响组织正式明确的目标严格的规章和程序内聚力高的工作群体无影响无影响替代替代替代替代2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 15 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：领导理论的变迁：最新观点四最新观点四领导的归因理论attribution theory of leadership：当组织中的绩效极低或极高时，人们倾向于将它们归因于领导人们通常认为有效的领导者所作的决策前后连贯或者坚决不动摇2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 16 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：领导理论的变迁：最新观点四最新观点四领袖魅力的领导理论charismatic leadership：领袖魅力的领导者的关键特点v自信v远见v清楚表述目标的能力v对目标坚决信念v不循规蹈矩的行为v作为变革的代言人出现v环境敏感性2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 17 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition领导理论的变迁：领导理论的变迁：最新观点四最新观点四交易型领导与变革型领导：交易型领导transactional leaders权变奖励:通过例外管理主动:通过例外管理被动:自由放任：变革型领导(transformational leaders)领袖魅力：感召力：智力刺激：个别化关心：2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 18 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition有关领导的当前问题有关领导的当前问题一：性别，男性和女性的领导方式不同吗？首先，男性与女性的相似性多于差异性其次，在差异型方面，女性似乎采用更为民主的领导风格，男性那么对指导型风格感到恰当2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 19 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition有关领导的当前问题有关领导的当前问题二：通过授权而领导问题在于：它无视了领导可以共享的程度以及领导共享的的有效条件2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 20 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition有关领导的当前问题有关领导的当前问题三：追随者情况如何有效的追随者4个品质：管理自己 对目标作出承诺 建构自己的能力并为之努力 老实，有勇气，值得信赖 2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 21 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition有关领导的当前问题有关领导的当前问题四：民族文化是一项附加的权变变量 领导者不能凭主观意愿选择他的领导风格，他们在很大程度上受限于下属期望的文化条件2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 22 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition有关领导的当前问题有关领导的当前问题五：领导有生物学根底吗？有效的领导者所拥有的独特的荷尔蒙和脑化学物质的生化混合物能帮助他们构建社会交往关系和处理压力2003 Prentice Hall,Inc.To accompany A Framework for Marketing Management,2nd Edition Slide 23 in Chapter 3 2004 Copyright by Minzhu To Organization Behavior 7#Edition课程结束课程结束 谢谢大家！