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我认为，选修第二专业并不适合每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。第二学期,英国文学及宏观经济学两门课不及格给我敲响了警钟，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。(if you ask me; by all odds; try as . might; given that; sap ones confidence; bow to fate; come to a close; for fear that; now that)If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hard-working student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams. Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English. Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second term sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正值得一读、让他爱不释手的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。(reflect on; immerse in; lay hands on; worthwhile; in one sitting; so to speak; vista; withstand)It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike some of his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshops, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak. Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to read all those marvellous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of life.一个人的穿着似乎能影响他的行为方式。譬如，在校内要穿校服是中小学生所必须严格遵守的规矩之一。倘若在学生着装整齐划一和行为的统一规范之间不存在一种象征性关联的话，校服便不可能如此盛行。然而，多年的学校生活让学生在内心里对随处可见的校服产生了抵触情绪，校服毕竟压制了个性的表达。为了弥补这种损失，学生常常会在周末穿流行的休闲装。直到上了大学，他们才会享受真正的着装自由，而服装上的无序与大学培养创造力、鼓励自由表达思想及展露才华密切相关。可惜这样的好景不会太长，经过一段相对短暂的自由之后，他们在毕业工作之后将再次经历着装规范的压力。(hard and fast; there is no doubt that; currency; correlation; backlash; ubiquitous; compensate for; anarchy; obtain; revive)What you wear seems to dictate your behaviour. Take primary school and high school students for example. One of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school. There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students conformity to some common code of conduct. However, after years of school life, there is always a backlash secretly nursed in the students mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality. To compensate for this loss, students usually wear more casual and popular clothes on weekends. It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freedom of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of free expression of ideas and talents. But this situation wont obtain for long. After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become professionals.谈及目前经济萧条所带来的影响，学生活动的减少就是一个很好的例证。为了活跃校园生活，大学愿意划拨一部分资金来资助学生社团活动，但由于今年学校的预算大幅减少，对社团的资助也相应缩减了不少。显然，学生社团要恢复以前的活力就必须想办法克服自身的经济困难。有人主张招募更多会员，因为会员费的增加可以帮助他们度过难关。当然，如果有更多的会员交年费，而且缩减一些日常开支，我们还是能省下一些钱来组织活动的。但是，问题的关键在于社团活动的费用与参加活动的人数是成正比的，因此这种方法恐怕不太可行。要推进社团活动，同时又不使经费超支，我们必须群策群力，拿出别的筹钱方法，而不是仅仅依赖学校拨款和会员费。(when it comes to; carve out; pare down; cut back on; bottom line; go into the red; pool; in lieu of)When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out some money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty. No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money to organize activities. But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants. Im afraid this wont be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of just relying on university grants and membership fees.我们对理想丈夫或理想妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以及我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多数年轻姑娘希望她们的未婚夫强悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无选择，只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢得女孩子的芳心。如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他们很可能会在悲叹自己的光棍生涯中度过下半辈子。根据同样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的未婚妻温柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来会成为贤妻良母。深入研究一下这种性别期待，我们就会发现这是受生理和社会因素制约的。无疑，女性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，而男人则完全不适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣钱养家，才能让一家人过上好日子。(presumption; option; other than; bemoan; unwritten rule; to be prone to; let on; goes without saying)Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them. If most girls want their fiancs to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart. If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of their lives. Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiances to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type. Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job. Therefore, a family is better off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.galvanize vt. 使振奋；刺激 financially ad. 财政上 fraught a. 忧虑的；焦虑不安的 mortarboard n. C 学位帽；方顶帽 clutch vt. 紧抓；紧握 graduation n. U （大学）毕业 slump vi. 1. 垂头弯腰地坐着 2. 暴跌；剧降 scion n. C (literary)（名门望族的）子孙，后裔 morph v. 转变；用计算机技术变换（图像） grunt n. C （表示厌恶、不满等的）咕哝声，嘟哝声 testing a. 难对付的；棘手的 revert v. ( to) 恢复到（原状或原来的行为方式） nag v. 唠叨；对纠缠不休 the Civil Service n. sing（一国政府的）行政机关，全体公务员 detached a. 冷淡的；超然的 technocratic a. 技术专家政治论的 recount vt. (fml) 叙述 cop n. C (infml) 警察 daytime n. U 白天；日间 aimless a. 无目的的 chilling a. 令人沮丧的；冷淡的；令人泄气的 comprehensive n. C 综合学校 a. 综合的；多方面的 backside n. C (infml) 屁股 uni n. C (BrE, spoken) (university) 大学 dead-end a. 没有出路的；没有前途的 tricky a. 难处理的；棘手的 proceed vi. 继续做某事 upcoming a. 即将来临的；即将发生的 cutoff n. C 截止点；停止点 psychotherapist n. C 精神治疗医生；心理治疗医生 heal v. 1.（感情问题）（被）消除，（被）化解 2.（使）愈合；治愈 transition n. C, U 过渡；转变；变迁 sap vt. 使削弱；使虚弱 consultation n. 1. C 咨询；求教 2. U 磋商；商量 pushy a. （infml）强硬的；一意孤行的sympathetically ad. 同情地 nudge vt. 轻推；（尤指）用肘轻推 saddle n. C 车座，鞍座 advocate n. C 拥护者；提倡者 antidote n. C 解毒药；解毒剂 apathy n. U 冷淡；毫无兴趣 aerial a. 从飞机上的 photographic a. 摄影的；照片的 corpse n. C （人的）尸体 mortuary n. C 停尸房；太平间 look on 旁观 fork out (infml)（尤指不情愿地）付出，花费 turn down 拒绝（提议或要求）in the same boat 处于同样的糟糕境地pull pints 在酒吧提供酒水服务；做酒吧侍应 come full circle 循环；又回到原处 take a soft / hard line 采取温和 / 强硬的态度 if nothing else 至少 strike the right note 说话说到点子上；做事做得恰到好处 by all means 尽一切办法；一定，务必 talk through 详细讨论 go for sb / sth 适用于mysterious a. 1. 神秘的；诡秘的 2. 难以理解的；不可思议的 wonderland n. 1. U（故事中的）仙境 2. C 美丽的地方；奇妙的地方 observer n. C 观察者；目击者 disconcerting a. 令人吃惊的；使人困惑的 neglect vt. 1. 漏做；疏忽 2. 无视，忽视 normally a. 1. 通常；按惯例 2. 正常地 interact vi. ( with) 相互交流；互动 vista n. C 1. (mainly literary) 景色，美景 2. 前景；展望 wrath n. U (fml) 愤怒；狂怒 dialect n. C, U 方言；行话 enchant vt. 使陶醉；使入迷 exclude vt. 1. 排斥（某人） 2.（故意）把排除在外，不包括 confront vt. 正视；处理；面对 supremely ad. 极其地；极度地 influential a. 有影响力的 mystical a. 神奇的；神秘的 monk n. C 修道士；僧侣 priest n. C （某些基督教教堂中的）牧师，神父 cite vt. （作为例子、解释或对他事的证明而）提出，举出 poetic a. 诗的；有诗歌特点的 meaninglessness n. U 没有明确目的；无意义 passivity n. U 被动 foster vt. 培养；鼓励；助长 coin vt. 编造，杜撰（新词语） diamond n. C （棒球场的）内场 runner n. C （棒球中的）跑垒者 base n. C （棒球的）垒 likewise ad. (fml) 同样地；照样地 induce vt. 引起，促使，导致 await vt. 1.（某事）将降临到身上 2. 等候；期待 insistently ad. 坚持地 desperately ad. 1. 拼命地；绝望地 2. 非常 sensation n. C 感觉，知觉 withstand vt. 1. 承受住；顶住 2. 对付，应对（困境） peace and quiet 安静 have sth in common (with sb) （与某人）有共同点 seek out （下决心）找到underestimate vt. 1. 低估（某物的大小或重要性等） 2. 小看，轻视 ubiquitous a. (fml) 普遍存在的；无处不在的 hemline n. C （衣裙下摆的）底边，底缘 denim n. 1. U 粗斜棉布；劳动布 2. (pl denims) 牛仔裤 miner n. C 矿工 rivet n. C 铆钉 rebellion n. C, U 反抗；反叛 individuality n. U 个性；特性 informal a. 1. 随意的；轻松友好的 2.（谈话或会议）非正式的 bust n. sing 彻底的失败 inescapable a. 无法避免的；难免的 unsettled a. 不稳定的；动荡的 miniskirt n. C 超短裙；迷你裙 designer n. C 设计师 a. (only before noun)（衣服）由著名设计师设计的；名贵的 swinging a. (infml) 时髦放纵的（该词主要用于20世纪60年代） respectability n. U 体面；可敬 tights n. (pl)（女用）裤袜 visible a. 1. 看得见的；可见的 2. 清晰的；明显的 hippie n. C 嬉皮士（20世纪60年代反对战争、反对社会习俗、蓄长发、着奇装异服的人） trouser a. (only before noun) 裤子的 deteriorate vi. 恶化；变坏 midi n. C 中长裙 calf n. C 1. 腓；小腿肚 2. 小牛；牛犊 maxi n. C （长至脚踝的）长裙，连衣裙 exclusively ad. 仅仅；单独地；专门地 punk n. U 朋克摇滚乐 rip vt. 1. 撕；扯；撕裂 2. 撕掉；扯掉 studded a. 饰有金属饰钉的；缀有饰钉的 restricted a. ( to) 限制使用的；限于某人（或某种目的）的 backlash n. C （尤指对政治或社会变化的）强烈反应 anarchy n. U 混乱状态；无序状态 nightclub n. C 夜总会 glamorous a. 极富魅力的；非常吸引人的 courageous a. 勇敢的；坚定的 lavish a. 极其丰富的；（尤指）奢华的 vt. 慷慨地给予（金钱、爱或关注等） frilled a. 饰有褶边的；带饰边的 empower vt. 给予（某人）权力；使自主 pad n. C 衬垫；垫布 knee-length a. 长及膝部的 unstable a. 1.（体制、情况或关系）不稳定的，常出问题的 2.（情绪）多变的，反复无常的 stubble n. U 胡子茬；须茬 bleach vt. 使变白；漂白 preppy a. (mainly AmE) 教育良好且衣着讲究的；预备学校学生的 button-down a. (only before noun) （衬衫）领尖有纽扣的 chinos n. (pl) 丝光斜纹布裤子 loafer n. C 平跟船鞋；懒汉鞋 loosely ad. 1. 不紧地；宽松地 2. 不精确地；不严密地 daring a. 1. 大胆创新的 2. 大胆的；勇敢的 trainer n. C 1. (usu pl) 运动鞋 2. 教练；教练员 predominant a. 1.（数量上）占绝大多数的，最普遍的 2. 最重要的；最强大的 oatmeal n. U 米灰色 spiky a. （头发）上翘的 hoodie n. C 一种连帽服装 baggy a. （衣服）宽松的 buttock n. C (usu pl) 臀部；屁股 prim a. （衣着）端庄的，整洁庄重的 micro a. 1.（裙等）超超短的 2. 微小的，细微的 formal a. 1.（服装）正式场合穿的 2. 正式的 lycra n. (trademark) 莱卡（人造弹力纤维） skinny a. 1.（衣服）紧身的 2. 极瘦的；皮包骨头的 dictate v. 1. 影响；控制 2. 指定；命令 index n. C 1. (business) 指数 2. 索引 dramatically ad. 突如其来地；引人注目地 crisis n. C, U 危机 boom and bust 经济繁荣与萧条name after 以命名prim and proper 循规蹈矩的，一本正经的spark off 导致，引起，触发（尤其是暴力行为或愤怒的情绪）transaction n. C (fml) 交易；买卖 abject a. (fml) 完全的（用于强调非常糟糕、不愉快或严峻的形势或条件） fairly ad. 1. 相当；还算 2. 公平地；公正地 pathetic a. 1. 差劲的；没用的；令人生厌的 2. 可怜的；令人同情的 exclusive a. 1. 高档的；奢华的 2. 专用的；独有的 flash a. (infml) 奢华的，炫耀的，显摆的（通常表示不喜欢这样的人） complaint n. 1. C 诉苦的话；怨言；牢骚 2. U 投诉；意见 credit rating n. C 信用评价；信用等级 superficial a. 1.（思想）浅薄的，缺乏深度的 2. 表面的，表皮的 jealous a. ( of) 妒忌的；妒羡的 indispensable a. 不可缺少的；必不可少的 desirable a. 令人向往的；吸引人的 distinctive a. 与众不同的；特殊的；特别的 shiny a. （表面）发亮的，闪光的 prone a. ( to) 有倾向的；可能受影响的 potentially ad. 可能地；潜在地 risk n. C 贷款对象；保险对象 liable a. ( to do sth) 易出问题的 lure vt. 引诱；诱惑 n. C 诱惑；诱惑物 impoverished a. 贫困的；赤贫的 unrealistic a. 不现实的；不可能的 hug v. 拥抱；紧抱（表示爱或友谊） transpire vi. (fml) 发生 suitability n. U 适合；适宜；适当 broke a. (infml) (be ) 一文不名；破产 overseas ad. 在国外；向海外 a. （在）海外的；（在）国外的 naturally ad. 1. 当然；自然地 2. 自如地；不做作地 correspondence n. sing, U 通信；通信联系 overdraft n. C 透支额 omit vt. 疏忽；省略；遗漏 exorbitant a. （价格或金额）过高的，不合理的 overspend n. sing 超支额 v. （使）超支 sensibly ad. 合理地；明智地 sparingly ad. 少量地 notify vt. 通知；告知；报告 delightful a. 令人愉快的；漂亮的 restraint n. U 控制；抑制；克制 economical a. 不浪费的；节约的 spree n. C （尤指）狂欢作乐 probable a. 很可能的；很可能发生的 vanity n. U 自负；虚荣 greed n. U 贪婪；贪心 crunch n. C (usu sing)（尤指缺乏时间或金钱的）危机，危急关头 vi. 发出嘎吱嘎吱的响声 wicked a. 1. 缺德的；邪恶的 2. 恶作剧的；捣蛋的 banker n. C 银行家；银行高级职员 publicity n. U 报道，宣传 flashy a. 华丽的；奢华的 deceive vt. 欺骗 yearn vt. (mainly literary) 渴望；向往 in full 全部地；足额地put down 记下的姓名；登记it transpired (that) (fml) 得知；事情是这样的into / out of the red (infml) 亏欠/ 不再亏欠；有/ 没有赤字omit to do sth (fml) 未做（本应有帮助或诚实的）某事go from bad to worse 越来越糟lay out 1. 展开；展示；铺开 2.（根据设计图）布置房间、道路或一片土地等highbrow a. 文化修养高的 womenfolk n. (pl) (old-fashioned)（某家庭、社区等的）女人们，妇女们 focus group n. C 焦点小组（访谈）（定性研究常用的方法之一） initially ad. 开始；最初；首先 semantics n. U 语义；语义学 stigma n. sing, U 羞耻；耻辱 unwritten a. 不成文的；未写下的 principal a. 主要的；最重要的；首要的 stage whisper n. C 故意让大家都能听见的悄悄话 animated a. 活跃的；有活力的 high-pitched a. 声调高的；尖声的 scandalous a. 丑恶的；可耻的 unemotional a. 不动感情的 sniff vi. ( at) 对嗤之以鼻；轻蔑地批评 bemoan vt. (fml) 抱怨 informant n. (fml) C 1. 资料提供人（尤指为研究者提供语言、风俗资料的人） 2. 检举人；告密者 motive n. C 缘由；动机 exhaustive a. 彻底的；完全的 rake v. ( over) 不断提及 appreciative a. 表示赞赏的；感激的 reciprocate v. (fml) 回报 suitably ad. 相应地（有某种反应）；相当地 inappropriately ad. 不适当地；不恰当地 girly a. (infml) 少女般的 disturbingly ad. 令人烦恼地；令人不安地 effeminate a. （男子）女人气的 decidedly ad. 1. 确实无疑地；显然 2. 坚决地；果断地 camp a. （尤指男子为引人注意而行为）忸怩作态的，稀奇古怪的 etiquette n. U 社交礼仪 juicy a. 生动有趣的，绘声绘色的 expletive n. C (fml) 秽语；骂人话 acceptably ad. 合意地；令人满意地 masculine a. 男子气概的；男子汉的 to the effect that 大意是；大致是sketch shadow paintings abroad Europe jewels exquisite pictures of rooms with handsomely dressed people in them not just their clothes or the lines of their faces but he was far greater than they would ever become
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