英语现在进行时过去进行时一般完成时讲解

1. 现在进行时的定义现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）。构成是:主语+be+动词ing现在分词形式：第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth 第三人称+is+doing+sth现在进行时的定义：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来。 【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如：saysaying, playplaying, thinkthinking, studystudying, teach teaching, blowblowing, buildbuilding.(2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如：loveloving, makemaking, guideguiding, datedating.(3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning, regretregretting, planplanning, ban banning.(4) 在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lielying, diedying, tietying.(5) 在以-ck 结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnicpicnicking, panicpanicking.2.现在进行时的基本用法：A. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you.A. What are you doing? B.I am writing a letter.They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。B. 习惯进行(现阶段一直在进行的动作)：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动（按安排计划近期内即将发生的动作）Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了）were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）注意：此用法中的动词一般是表示位移的动作，如come ,leave ,fly ,go等D. 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如：He is joining the army. 他要参军了。They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。E. 当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态。F. 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。如：Im wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一忙。Im hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢G. (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如：The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。3.有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand2.表示“看起来”“看上去appear,resemble,seem3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer4表示构成或来源的动词 be come from.contain,include5表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish7.表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等【No. 1】现在进行时的构成现在进行时由be+v-ing构成。be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【No. 2】现在进行时的应用在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。【No. 3】现在进行时的变化肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。4. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Im reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如：What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。（3）现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯 Hesnotworkingveryhardatthemoment. （目前工作不努力） Hedoesntworkveryhard.（通常工作不努力） （4）讲故事、评论事情、解说体育运动等用一般现在时来叙述故事中一件又一件发生的事情 Harrisonshoots,buttheballhitsthepostand Jacksonclear. （哈里森射门，但是球碰倒柱子上，接着杰克逊解了围）练习题1）Jack is _with Jim. They are good_.A: running ; friend; B: running ;friends; C: running ;friends D :run ;friends2）The Greens _supper now.A :is having B: are; having C: is haveing D: are; having3）我们正在做第一课的练习。We_ _the exercises oF the_lesson.4）李先生是我的英语启蒙老师。Mr Li is my_ _teacher.5）你有支黑的吗？Do you have a _ _?6）对不起我来晚了 Im_that I came_here?过去进行时过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。基本用法1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。 3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。 如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。 比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此) He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现) 补充：when 的后面加一般过去时，而且动词是不延续性动词。 while 的后面加过去进行时，动词是延续性动词。特殊用法1、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。 2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 如：He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。 3、表示故事发生的背景。 It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。 4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。 过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。 Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette. 5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。 5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。 She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。 7、与always, constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩。 The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now，a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;吗 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.练习题：1. Ted _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was riding B. had fallen, rode C. fell, were ridingD. had fallen, was riding2. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. has traveled3. When I arrived at his office, he _ on the phone.A. spoke B. was speaking C. had been speaking D. had spoken4. Tom _ into the house when no one _.A. slipped, was looking B. slipped, had lookedC. had slipped, looked D. was slipping, looked5She said she a paper kite at 7: 00 yesterday Amakes Bis making Cwill make Dwas making6I on the phone when a friend went into a barbers shop Atalked Bwas talking Ctalk Dis talking7. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read ； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell8. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try9.他们刚才在干什么?现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1） 现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) 2） 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。has been in 一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed (二)当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here） 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe（2）用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。（两种方法）（1）The film has been on for five minutes. （2）Its five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有3天了。（两种方法）（1）He has been away from Shanghai for three days. （2）It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。（一种方法）Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法） How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。汉译英。 1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？1. 过去完成时的定义过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用时间状语有already, before, ever, just, never, still, yet)，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语：since +时间点, for + 时间段)。如：When I got to the station, the train had left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week. 到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。He had stayed here for two days before he left. 他走之前在这儿呆了两天。He said that he had lived there since he was ten. 他说他十岁起就住在那儿了。2. 过去完成时的结构过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。3. 过去完成时的应用(1) 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样，使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。如：He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。He had written three stories by last year. 到去年他已经写了三篇故事。We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。He went there after he had finished his work. 他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。注意：当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。(2) 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：He said he had been a soldier. 他说他当过兵。They said they had seen the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。(3) 在hardly / scarcely when, no soonerthan 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如：Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。(4) 动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如：I had hoped to see you. 我本希望来看你。He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。4. 过去完成时与一般过去时(1) 过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)(2) 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如：He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday？ He Beijing Ahas gone to Bhad gone to Cwent to Dhad been to 1IlostthedictionaryI_ Ahavebought Bbought Chadbought Dhadbeenbought 2Thetrainhadgonewhenmy brother_atthestation Ahavearrived Barrived Chadarrived Damarriving 3. Mary _ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weather made her change her mind.Ahasthought Bthought Chadthought Dhadbeenthought 4-DidyoumeetTomattheairport？ -No，he_bythetimeI_there Ahasleft；got Bhadleft；arrived Cleft；arrived Dleft；hadgot 5-I_tocometohelpyou -Butyoudidntcome Ahavemeant Bhadmeant Cmeant Dwillmean 6Finallyone of my friends_byBeijingUniversity，forwhichshe _ fivetimes Awere admitted; hadtried Bwasadmitted; had tried Cwere admitted; hastried Dwas admitted; tried 7We_fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear Ahadlearned Bhavelearned Clearned Dwillhavelearned 8. My father _ to the hospital when I hurried home. A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent9. You _ football after school. Why not go home and do your homework first?A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D. have always been playing10. Ever since Picassos painting went on exhibit, there _ large crowds at the museum every day. A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been11. -What do you think of my suggestion? - Sorry. Whats that? I _ about something else.A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought