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Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.,used to的用法,(一)used to的用法 used to表示“过去常常;以前常常”,指过去常常做某事,而现在不这样做了。used to无人称和数的变化,to后接动词原形。,1.肯定句的句式结构: 主语+used to+do I used to get up at six.我过去常在6点起床。 It used to be a quiet village.它过去是一个安静的村庄。,2.否定句的句式结构: 主语+usednt/used not/didnt use to+do He usednt to study hard. =He used not to study hard. =He didnt use to study hard.他过去学习不努力。,3.一般疑问句及其答语的句式结构: (1)Used+主语+to do? Yes,主语+used to./No,主语+usednt to. (2)Did+主语+use+to do? Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didnt. Used he to go to school on foot? =Did he use to go to school on foot?他过去常常步行去上学吗?,4.反意疑问句的句式结构: (1)肯定句+didnt /usednt +主语 He used to be very rich,didnt/usednt he?他过去非常富有,是不是? (2)否定句+did/used+主语 He didnt use to smoke,did he? =He usednt to smoke,used he?他过去不常吸烟,是吗?,(二)used to和be/get used to的区别 used to表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态,to后接动词原形;而be/get used to则表示“习惯于某事”,to为介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词。 I used to hate animals,but now I am/get used to looking after them. 我过去讨厌动物,但现在我习惯了照顾它们。,be used to do意为“被用来做”,此结构是被动结构,to为不定式符号。 A pen is used to write.钢笔被用来写字。,针对性训练,.单项填空 1.(2015黔西南中考) Maria watch TV,but now she listening to music. A.used to,is used to B.is used to,used to C.used to,used to D.is used to,is used to,提示:考查短语辨析。used to过去常常,后接动词 原形;be used to 习惯于,后接v.-ing形式。句意为 “Maria过去常常看电视,但现在她习惯听音乐了” ,故选A。,针对性训练,.单项填空 2.(2015绥化中考) The old lady used to in the park. A.dance B.dancing C.danced,提示:考查固定用法。句意为“这位老太太过去常在公 园跳舞”。used to do意为“过去常常做”,故选A。,针对性训练,.单项填空 3.(2015云南中考) Mary used to in the countryside,but now she is used toin the city. A.live,live B.live,living C.living,live D.living,living,提示:考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth.过去常 常做某事;be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事, 故 选B。,针对性训练,.单项填空 4.(吉林中考) I havent seen you for a long time,Maria.You look different now. Yes,I used short hair. A.to have B.to having C.for having,提示:考查非谓语动词的用法。used后接动词 不定式,意为“过去常常做某事”，故选A。,针对性训练,.单项填空 5.(青海中考)I used to the bus,but now I am used to walking. A.take B.taking C.took,提示:used to后接动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事”，故选A。,针对性训练,.单项填空 6.(山西中考)Young people today posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromessage(微信)to share with friends. A.are afraid ofB.are used toC.are worried about,提示:be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，故选B。,针对性训练,.单项填空 7.The young man used to to work,but he is used to to work now. A.drive,walking B.drove,walked C.drive,walks D.driving,walk,提示:句意为“这个年轻人过去常开车上班,但现在 习惯于走着去”，故选A。,针对性训练,.单项填空 8.I used to to rock music,but now I collect coins. A.listeningB.listenC.listensD.listened,提示:句意为“我过去常听摇滚乐,但现在收藏钱币”，故选B。,针对性训练,.单项填空 9.How is your grandma? Shes fine.She used to TV at home after supper.But now she is used to out for a walk. A.watch,go B.watching,goC.watching,goingD.watch,going,提示:最后两句句意为“她以前晚饭后常在家看电视。 但现在她习惯出去散步”，故选D。,针对性训练,.单项填空 10.You didnt use to go to school on foot,did you? .I used to ride a bike. A.Yes,I did B.No,I didnt C.Yes,I didnt D.No,I did,提示:由答语I used to ride a bike.可知,过去不是“常常 步行去上学”,故用否定形式，故选B。,推理判断题解题技巧,My grandfather is an eighty-year-old man.He always complains about how fast things have changed,and he often says that life used to be better. Families arent families the way they used to be.A lot of families have broken down.If husband and wife have problems with their marriage,they no longer stay together.And mothers used to stay at home and take care of their children,but now not anymore.Everyones working.No one has time to look after children at home.,And the cars! No one walks anymoreeveryone drives.We used to walk five miles to school every day,even in winter.But now we dont.And in school,the children dont have to think anymore.In math class,for example,we used to add,subtract,multiply and divide in our heads.Kids dont use their heads anymore,instead,they use calculators. Most families have computers now.In the past we didnt have computers.We didnt,even have lights.My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen.But now nobody eats home-cooked food anymore. And the young people dont talk to each other anymore now.They are too busy to talk,too busy to eat,too busy to think.Life used to be simple,but it isnt anymore. 【词汇积累】marriage婚姻add,subtract,multiply and divide加、减、乘、除calculator计算器,1.We can conclude (推断) from the passage that . A.there arent lights at home B.people like to eat home-cooked food C.life is difficult and fast for a lot of young people now D.they think the life is the same as it used to be,提示:推理判断题。通过最后一段中“They are too busy to talk,too busy to eat,too busy to think.Life used to be simple,but it isnt anymore.”可以推断现在年轻人生活节奏快了,生活变得艰难了,复杂了,故选C。,2.Which is RIGHT according to the passage? A.People have too much time to talk with each other now. B.Some families have become single-parent families. C.Life now is very simple. D.Lots of mothers stay at home and look after their children.,提示:推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“A lot of families have broken down.”推断可知,一些家庭 成了单亲家庭,故选B。,技巧借鉴,推理判断题命题特点: 所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息,即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。推理是阅读理解考试中常用的技巧之一。它要求考生在通篇理解文章的前提下,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度、理解文章的寓意。它必须忠实于原文,要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知,不能凭空想像、随意揣测;它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事、以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基础。,技巧借鉴,推理判断题常见的提问方式有: We can conclude from the passage that. It can be inferred from the passage that. The writer suggests that. What is the real meaning of the words? The purpose in writing this text is to . From the passage we can conclude (作出结论)that . Which is RIGHT according to the passage?,技巧借鉴,做推理判断题的方法: 1.事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 2.指代推断。确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象,关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词,其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致,因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。,技巧借鉴,做推理判断题的方法: 3.推断隐含意义。有时作者在文章中没有将某一个问题直接陈述出来,而是暗含其中。解题时,要求考生仔细阅读,忠实原文,吃透意思,在文章中找到问题涉及的有关信息、关键词,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,透过表面的文字,通过分析、思考做出合乎情理的推断。 4.推断作者观点。要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断,如:作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对,还是犹豫不定,对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠,还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表达出来,而往往隐含在字里行间。因此,进行这种推断时,我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推理的前提,又要注意作者的措辞,尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。,技巧借鉴,做推理判断题的方法: 5.推断文章出处。根据短文的内容或结构来判断其出处。 报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称; 广告:格式特殊,容易判断; 产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、用量等。,：关于人物的变化,初中的学习生活即将结束了。请你以“How I Change”为题,写一篇短文,描述你这三年里前后 的变化。写作要点包括外貌、兴趣爱好、行为习惯 等方面。 写作要求: 1.词数:80左右(开头已经给出,不计入总词数); 2.短文中不能出现校名和人名,否则不得分; 3.所给的写作要点都必须用上,紧扣主题,适当发挥。,：关于人物的变化,【思路点拨】 开篇点题My life has changed a lot 阐述过去I was fat and short 说明现在Now I like,：关于人物的变化,【重点词汇】写出下列短语 1.在那时 2.对感兴趣 3.担心;忧虑 4.又高又壮 5.保持健康 6.对满意,keep healthy,tall and strong,be worried about,be interested in,at that time,be pleased with,【重点句型】根据汉语意思完成下列句子 1.当我上中学时,我又胖又矮。 I was when I came to the middle school. 2.我的父母担心我。 My parents me. 3.好的习惯帮助我学习更好,保持身体更加健康。 Good habits help me to and . 4.我的父母和老师都对我很满意。 My parents and my teachers are both me.,fat and short,were worried about,study better,keep healthier,pleased with,【单元参考句型】 I used to be I used to like Now I like,How I Change My life has changed a lot in the past three years.I was fat and short when I came to the middle school.At that time,I was interested in computer games and I spent most of time on it.My parents were worried about me. Now,I like sports and I often play basketball with my classmates after school.So I become taller and stronger than before.I like reading,too.I usually go to the library to read some interesting books.Good habits help me to study better and keep healthier.My parents and my teachers are both pleased with me.,范文,名师点评 文章符合题目要求,从外貌、兴趣爱好和行为习惯等方面阐述了自己在三年中所发生的变化。文章层次清晰,布局合理。第一段着重介绍了三年前的情况,第二段重点说明了现在的状况,另外文章有适当的议论和抒情部分,如从父母非常担心我到现在的父母和老师都对我很满意体现了我的变化带给他们的感受。,本篇书面表达是给出写作要求的命题作文,具有一定的开放性,题目是How I Change,写作内容包括外貌、兴趣爱好和行为习惯等方面的变化。在写作时,首先,应该注意包含“外貌、兴趣爱好和行为习惯等”要点;其次,准确判断所使用的时态,表示“过去的情况”使用一般过去时,表示“现在的情况”使用一般现在时;最后,连接词的使用可以使行文连贯、自然流畅,短语和复合句式的大量使用可以使文章变得栩栩如生。,写作指导,根据短文内容回答下列问题 (2015 郴州中考)On September 19,Alibaba went public(上市) on the New York Shock Exchange.It shows that Ma Yun has done his business successfully.A short Chinese man seems to be the tallest man in the world right now.Ma used to be an English teacher.So far,he has become the richest man on the Chinese mainland. Ma was born in Hangzhou and grew up as a happy kid.At the age of twelve,he found that English was very interesting.Every morning he got up at 5 a.m.,and then ran to a hotel near the West Lake,根据短文内容回答下列问题 where he could communicate with foreign tourists in English.He did it for nine years.The experience made him become a fantastic English speaker and also opened his eyes to the wide world.In a 1995 trip to the US,Ma was shown to the Internet for the first time.Seeing the chance,Ma returned to China and set up a website without knowing much about computers.Four years later,Ma set up Alibaba in Hangzhou.People called him “Crazy Jack Ma”.But fifteen years later,Alibaba has developed into the worlds largest e-commerce (电子商务) company.,【词汇积累】 Chinese mainland中国大陆 website网站,1.What does Ma Yun look like? 2.What did Ma Yun use to be? 3.Where was Ma Yun born? 4.Was Ma Yun shown to the Internet for the first time in 1995? 5.When did Ma Yun set up Alibaba in Hangzhou?,He is short.,He used to be an English teacher.,He was born in Hangzhou.,Yes,he was.,He set up Alibaba in Hangzhou in 1999.,根据短文内容完成下列各题,A man can fail many times, but he isnt a,一个人可以失败很多次， 但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人， 他还不是一个失败者。巴勒斯,
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