大学英语阅读进阶答案(全)第四版

大学英语阅读进阶 第四版PART 1Unit 1 Vocabulary in ContextPractice 1: Examples1. examples：brushing their teeth, washing their hands and facec; B2. examples：the phones were constantly ringing, people were running back and forth, several offices were being painted: B 3. examples: the giant land tortoise can live several hundred years; B4. examples: going to town concerts and ball games, visiting neighborhood friends, playing board games: A5. examples: gardening, long-distance bike riding ; A6. examples: picking up the language and customs of their new home; A7. examples: a trembling mugging victim, a crying lost child: A8. examples: learning, reasoning, thinking, language: B9. examples: the TV is talking to them, others can steal their thoughts; C10. examples:accepting a bribe from a customer, stealing from an employer; CPractice 2: Synonyms1-5 embarrasses; examine; practical; confusing; overlook6-10 necessary; opponents; arrival; charitable; customaryPractice 3: Antonyms1. Antonomy:long; A2. Antonomy: financial loss;B3. Antonomy: openly; B4. Antonomy: plainly; B5. Antonomy: active; A6. Antonomy: clear; C7. Antonomy: benefit; B8. Antonomy: increase in value;B9. Antonomy: careless; C10. Antonomy: weak; CPractice 4:General Sense1-5 B; C; A ;B; C; 6-10 A; C; B; C; BReview Test 11-5 context; A; C; B; definitionexamplesReview Test 2A. 1-5 B; A; B ; C; A;B. 6 D overjoyed; 7 A. provided; 8 C discouraged; 9 E. nag; 10 B. doubtful;Review Test 3A. 1-5 practical; clean; reveal; relieve; at the same timeB. 6-10 looked down upon; guilty; tried; add to; joined;Review Test 41-5 B; D; D; B; A; 6-10 A; C; D; D; C;Mastery Test 1A:1-3 D; B; C; B4-6 risk; search; false name;C7-8 C; B; D9-10 A; B;Mastery Test 2A1-2 B; A;B3-5 plain; conduct; modestC6-7 C; C; D8-10 D; D; B: Mastery Test 31-5 A; C; C; C ; B; 6-10 D; D; C; A; B;Mastery Test 41-5 C; C; A; B; D; 6-10 C; A; D; B; CMastery Test 5A: 1-5 C; D; C; A; C; B: (wording of answers may vary.)6 cut off; 7. give a false account of; misrepresent; twist; 8. come tetween; get involved; 9. required10 became more forgiving; gave inMastery Test 6 A: 1. E most common; 2. C stir up interest; 3. F uncontrolled; 4. I increased ; 5. B passedB6. I die ; 7. D deadly ; 8. F be forced to experience; 9. E give credit for; 10.J reducing2. Main ideasPractice 11. home cooking: Stake-out: Sways to eat dinner: Gfrozen foods: S2. hot and humid: Scold and rainy: Scloudy with scattered showers: Sweather forecasts: G3. oversleeping: Sbad habits: Govereating: Ssmoking: S4. traffic delays: Shead cold: Sbad coffee: Sminor problems: G5. communicating: Gwriting: Sreading: Sspeaking: S6. deadbolt locks: Salarm system: Sbarking dog: Skinds of security: G7. divorce: Sfailing grades: Smajor problems: Geviction: S8. not taking notes in class: Spoor study habits: Gmissing classes: Scramming for exams: S9. surprised: Stone of voice: Genthusiastic: Shumorous: S10. hurry up: Sget to bed: Scommands: Gclean up this mess: SPractice 2 Answers will vary. Practice 31. P S S S 2. S S P S3. S S S P4. P S S S 5. S P S S Practice 41. S S P S 2. P S S S 3. S P S S4. S P S S 5. S S S PPractice 51. S S P S 2. S P S S 3. P S S S 4. S S S P5. P S S S Practice 6Group1 A. SD B. SD C. MI D. TGroup 2A. MI B. SD C. SD D. TGroup 3A. T B. SD C. SD D. MIGroup 4A. MI B. SD C. SD D. TGroup 5A. MI B. SD C. T D. SD Practice 7 (wording of topics may vary)1. Topic: StoriesMain idea: Sentence 12. Topic: ESPMain idea: Sentence 23. Topic: Hospices vs hospitalsMain idea: Sentence 24. Topic: Driving or Poor attitude about driving Main idea: Sentence 105. Topic: Environment and behaviorMain idea: Sentence 1Practice 81.1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 1 Review Test 11. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. other sentences in the paragraphReview Test 2A. 1. a. S b. S c. S d. P 2. a. S b. S c. P d. S B. 1. a. SD b. SD c. T d. MI 2. a. SD b. SD c. T d. MIReview Test 31. 3 2. 1 3. 9 4. 2 5. 2Review Test 41. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. AMastery Test 1A. 1. a. S b. P c. S d. S 2. a. P b. S c. S d. S 3. a. S b. S c. S d. PB. 1. a. SD b. T c. SD d. MI 2. a. MI b. SD c. d. SD Mastery Test 2A. 1. a. S b. P c. S d. S 2. a. S b. S c. P d. S3. a. P b. S c. S d. SB. 1. a. SD b. SD c. d. MI 2. a. MI b. c. .SD d. SD Mastery Test 31. 1 2. 2 3. 6 4. 1 5. 2Mastery Test 41. 3 2. 2 3. 1 4. 7 5. 2Mastery Test 51. 6 2. 4 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2 Mastery Test 61. 2. 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 11Unit 3. Supporting DetailsPractice 1. ( wording of answers may vary)1. Main idea: Parents can take several steps to discourage TV watching and encourage reading.1. Have only one TV set, and place it in the family room.2. Connect reading with eating.3. Dont put a TV set in a childs bedroom.2. Main Idea: Colleges of the early nineteenth century were distinctly different from todays schools.1. students were mostly white males. Minor details: College was considered a final polishing for upper-class gentlemen.2. All students had to take the same courses. Minor details: They studied ancient languages, literature, natural science, mathematics, and political and moral philosophy.3. Colleges were small.Minor details: Most had only a few dozen students, three or four professors, and three or four tutors.4. Student life was more regulated. Minor details: Strict curfews determined when students had to turn off lights, and attendance at religious services was required.Practice 2 ( Wording of answers may vary )1. Introduce yourselfRefer to physical settingAsk a complimentary questionSeek direct information2. Major detail: Smaller labor forceMinor detail: Milking machines use only one operator.Major detail; Higher milk outputMinor detail: American cows give 7.5 times more milk than Brazilian cows.Practice 31. C2. BPractice 4 ( Examples may vary )1. Passive listeningtrying to make sense out of a speakers remarks without being able to interact with the speaker.ExStudents listen to an instructors lecture without having the chance to ask questions.2. Self-serving biasthe practice of judging ourselves leniently.ExWhen he lashes out angrily, we say hes moody. When we lash out angrily, we say were under pressure.Review Test 11. specificspecific 2. T 3. supporting details4. mapping 5. condenseReview Test 2A. Main idea: Several factors influence the justice systems treatment of criminals.1. Sex of offender affects severity of sentence.b. Court more reluctant to send mother to prison than father 2. Race is another factora. Nonwhites awarded parole and probation less often .b. Blacks executed more often for capital crimes.3. a. Young offenders given special treatment.B. 8. C 9. C 10. BReview Test 3A. Main idea: Serious depression has definite warning signs.1. Change in sleep patterns2. Abnormal eating patterns3. Trouble in thinking or concentrating4. General feeling of hopelessnessB. Main idea: There are three common ways that people deal with their feelings.1) withhold them2) Display them3) Describe themC. 10. CReview Test 41-5 : B; A; D; A; long interviews6-10 A. 1. Basic temperament the child is born with. 2. Early emotional environmentB. 1. Authoritative 2. Authoritarian 3. PermissiveMastery Test 1A. Main idea: Divorce has serous negative consequences.1. a. Starting to date again can be nerve-racking.2. Emotional difficulties among original family members are common.a. Husband and wife feel guilt and resentment.3. Financial adjustments are necessary.a. Alimony, child support, and property disposal must be dealt with.B. 7. B 8. A 9. C10. They can undo complicated bolts on gates.Mastery Test 2A. 1.B; 2. D; 3. C; 4. D; 5. C; 6.B; B. Main idea: Chimpanzees use objects in their environment as tools.1. Sticks to catch termites and steal honey.2. Leaves as drinking cups, for cleaning, and as spongers3. Stones to crack open nuts.Mastery Test 3. A. 1-6 A; B; A; D; B; AB. Main idea: Three types of human memory allow us to remove or keep information as needed.1. Sensory memory2. short-term memorystores about 7 items for about 30 seconds.3. Long-term memorystores enormous numbers of items for a long period.Mastery Test 4A . Main idea: Researchers have created a number of theories to explain the functions of sleep. 1. Gives body time to repair brain cells and create chemical that makes brain think. 2. Enables body to save energy 3. Keeps people out of trouble. 4. Reduces memoryB. 6. CC. 7-10 A; B; B; D; Mastery Test 5A. 1-5 B; D; A; B; C;B. Main idea: Experts in our country have suggested various purposes of imprisonment.1) Punishnent2) Rehabilitation3) Deter crime4) Keep criminals off streetsMastery Test 6A. 1. a. 2) Informal and friendly atmosphere in the Senate b. Procedural differences1)House rulesmany and complex2)Senate rulesshort and simple2. Political outlook of membersa. Representatives concerned with local issuesB. Main idea: A number of conditions stimulate aggression.1) Pain2) Attacks 3) Crowding 4. Implied Main idea/Central PointPractice 1Paragraph 1: 1 D 2A Paragraph 2: 3C 4B Paragraph 3: 5C 6BParagraph 4: 7D 8BPractice 21D 2B 3C 4CPractice 3 (Wording of answers may vary.)1. Topic: Reasons for lyingImplied main idea: People tell lies for several reasons.2. Topic: Being an only child Implied main idea: Being an only child has its drawbacks.3. Topic: Opposition to capital punishment Implied main idea: People have opposed the death penalty for different reasons.4. Topic: Growing older Implied main idea: Growing older can make us better in many ways.Practice 4Central point: In fact, the days of a housewife in nineteenth-century America were spent in harsh physical labor. (Sentence 2)Practice 5Central point: However, excessive use of alcohol contributes to a number of negative social consequences. (Sentence 2)Review Test 11. implied 2. topic 3. support 4. central point 5. sometimesReview Test 2A. 1B 2A B. 3. Watching TV has several benefits. 4. Lower-class criminals tend to be treated more harshly by the justice system than higher-class criminals. (In all these tests, wording of implied main ideas may vary.)Review Test 3A. 1B 2DB. 3. Several techniques can help you get a good nights sleep.C. 4. Sentence 6Review Test 41B 2C 3A 4A 5D 6A 7C 8A 9D 10BMastery Test 1A. 1C 2A 3DB. 4. Sentence 1Mastery Test 2A. 1C 2B 3DB. 4. Sentence 20Mastery Test 3A. 1A 2A 3DB. 4. Sentence 19Mastery Test 4A. 1D 2B B. 3. There are several positive ways to encourage your family to exercise more often.C. 4. Sentence 16Mastery Test 5A. 1D 2D B. 3. Experts have suggested several techniques for doing well on exams.C. 4. Sentence 3Mastery Test 6A. 1D 2B B. 3. Marriage is good for peoples physical and mental health.C. 4. Sentence 10Unit 5 relationships IPractice 1 （Answers may vary）1also 2. For one thing 3. In addition 4. First 5 .FinallyPractice 2 (Answers may vary)1 After 2 Then 3 during 4 before 5 whilePractice 3 (Wording of answers may vary)A Main idea: For several reasons, pork was Americas popular meat a hundred year ago.1 Pigs grew quickly 2 Pigs required little attention 3 Pigs could be preserved cheaplyB Main idea: aging process1 Our bodies simply wear out. 2 Our body chemistry loses its delicate balance 4 Our bodies, with age, reject some of their own tissues.Practice 4 (Wording of answers may vary)Main idea: The 1960s were a time of profound events in America.1. 1963 the assassination of President Kennedy 2 1965 urban riots in black ghettos 3 1968 protests against increasing American presence in VietnamPractice 5 (Wording of answers may vary)Main idea: People pass through three stages in reacting to unemployment.1 Shock followed by relief 2 Strong efforts to find a new job 3 Self-doubt and anxiety if no job is foundPractice 6 (wording of answers may vary)Main idea: Taking certain steps will help you to remember your dreams.2 Put a pen and notebook near your bed. 3 Turn off alarm so you can wake up gradually. 4 Write down the dream immediatelyPractice 7 1B 2A 3A 4B 5B 6A 7A 8B 9A 10BReview Test 11 the relationships between 2 addition 3 time 4 T 5 supporting detailsReview Test 2A. 1 E before 2 C also 3 D one 4 A then 5 F final 6 B secondB. 7 B 8 after 9 A 10 alsoReview Test 3A. 1 After 2 First 3 Then 4 As 5 later 6 B B. 7 B 8A 9 B 10 AReview Test 4 1 B 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 first, another, final 8 A 9 finally 10 BMastery Test 1A 1 A Another 2 E When 3 C also 4 B Then 5 D Next B 6 after 7 next 8 Last 9 then 10 BMastery Test 2A 1 A When 2 D First 3 B Moreover 4 C Before 5 E also B 6 B C 7 First 8 also 9 Finally 10 AMastery Test 3A 1-5 3, 1, 4, 2, AB 6 B C 7 A 8 -10 Main idea: Prevention against injury involves a combination of two types of preventive measures. 1 Active prevention methods that require people to do something to reduce the risk of injury. 2 Passive prevention- methods requiring little or no action on the part of those being protected.Mastery Test 4A 1-4 4, 1, 3, 2 5 B B 6 BC Main idea: Work shapes human lives in fundamental ways - Consumes enormous amounts of time -Gives life structure and rhythm -causes stressMastery Test 5A. 1 B 2 early (or later or eventually or next)B. 3 A 4 CC. 5 B 6-10 Denial-Anger-Depression-Bargaining-AcceptanceAcceptance Denial Bargaining AngerDepressionMastery Test 6A 1 B 2-3 Any two of the following: first, next, third, finallyB 4 A 5 also 6 A C 7 A 8-10 Main idea: Children learn their gender roles in three main ways. 2 Imitation 3 Self-definitionUnit 6 Relationships IIPractice 1 (Answer may vary)1 For instance 2 for example 3 such as 4 including 5 illustrationPractice 2A Shaping; definition 1; example 12 example 210B Ironysaying one thing but meaning another ExTo end the famine in Ireland, Swift suggests the Irish should raise babies to be eatenPractice 3 (Answer may vary)1 Similarly 2 Just like 3 in the same way 4 as 5 Just asPractice 4 (Answer may vary)1 however 2 Although 3 but 4 despite 5 In contrastPractice 5 A Contrast: Japanese employment practices and US employment practicesB Contrast: school and home Public discipline Private scolding Much competition Minimal competitionPractice 6 (Answer may vary)1 Because 2 as a result 3 so 4 Since 5 ThereforePractice 7A. Cause: Chronic stressEffect: Painful muscle tension Effect: Weakening of bodys immune systemEffect: Psychological disordersB. Main idea(effect): There are several reasons that people daydreamMajor supporting details ( causes):1. To tolerate boring jobs2. To endure deprivation3. To discharge hostile feelings4. To plan for the futurePractice 81A 2C 3B 4C 5A 6B 7C 8A 9C 10BReview Test 11 examples 2 comparison 3 contrast 4 C 5 CReview Test 2A. 1 B effects 2 C just like 3 E However 4A Because 5D such as B. 6B 7C 8A 9C 10AReview Test 3A 1 A 2 for instance B 3 C 4 alike or but or while or in contrastC 5B 6 because or as a result or effectD 7A 8 example E 9 B 10 affected or because or resultReview Test 41B 2C 3C 4B 5A 6B 7C 8A 9B 10DMastery Test 1A 1 B. For example 2 C. Just as 3 A. Therefore 4D. Because 5E. In contrastB 6A 7C 8A 9B 10CMastery Test 2A. 1B 2 reason or as a resultB. 3C 4 in contrastC. 5A 6 for exampleD. 7B 8 causing or since or leads to or causesE. 9C 10 different or contrasts or nevertheless or same or alike or similarMastery Test 3A 1-4 3, 2, 4, 1 5C B 6C 7 differently or in contrast or whileC 8D 9A 10 exampleMastery Test 4A. 1-4 4, 1, 3, 2 5AB. 6A 7B 8 as the resultC. 9B 10CMastery Test 5A 1B 2-5 Learn to do their jobs better Get a raise or promotion Learn a new field Learn for the sake of learningB 6B 7-10 Good manager 4 is flexible Poor manager 1 Is surprised by problems 3 Takes on extra tasks 4 Clings to old rulesMastery Test 6A 1C 2-6 Delays Lack of resources Losses Failure DiscriminationB 7B 8-10 Main idea: Role conflicta situation in which the different roles an individual is expected to play make incompatible demands. For a working mother, the expectations of motherhood may conflict with those of a full-time job.For a priest, the responsibility to treat confessions confidentially may conflict with his responsibility to the community.7. Fact and OpinionPractice 1A. 1. F 2. O 3. O 4. F 5. F B. 6. O 7. O 8. F 9. F 10. OPractice 2Answers will vary. Practice 3A. 1. O 2. F 3. F+O 4. F+O 5. F B. 6. F 7. O 8. F 9. F+O 10. OPractice 4A. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. F 5. F+O B. 6. F 7. F+O 8. F 9. F+O 10. F+OPractice 5 A. 1. F 2. O 3. F 4. O 5. F+O B. 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F+O 10. F+OPractice 6A. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. F+O Review Test 11. A fact2. A news report3. a mixture of fact and opinion4. Opinions5. enjoyableReview Test 2A. 1. F 2. O 3. F 4. O B. 5. F+O 6. F+O 7. F 8. F+OC. 9. F 10. F+O Review Test 3A. 1. O 2. F 3. F+O 4. F 5. F+O 6. O 7. F 8.F 9. O 10. F+OB. 1. 1. F+O 2. F 3. O 4. F 5. O 2. 1. O 2. F 3. F 4. F+O 5. O Mastery Test 1A. 1. F 2. O 3. F 4. O 5. O 6. F 7. F 8. O 9. F 10. O B. 11. F+O 12. F 13. F+O 14. F 15. F+OC. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. O 5. OMastery Test 2A. 1. O 2.F 3. O 4. F 5. F 6.O 7. O 8. F 9. O 10. FB. 11. F+O 12. F 13. F+O 14. F+O 15. FC. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. O 5. OMastery Test 3A. 1. F 2.O 3. F 4. F+O 5.O 6.F 7. F 8. O 9. F 10. F+OB. 11. F+O 12. F 13. F+O 14. F 15. F+OC. 1. O 2. F 3. F 4. F+O 5. OMastery Test 4A. 1.O 2.F+O 3. O 4. O 5.F 6.F+O 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. F 11. F 12. O B. 1. F+O 2. O 3. F 4. F 5. FC. 18. F 19. F+O 20. OMastery Test 5A. 1. O 2.F 3. F+O 4. O 5.F 6.F 7. O 8. F 9. F 10. F 11. O 12. F+O B. 1. O 2. F+O 3. F C. 16. F+O 17. F 18. F 19. O 20. F+OMastery Test 6A. 1. F 2.F 3. O 4. F 5.F+O 6.F 7. F 8. O 9. F+O 10. O B. 1. F 2. F 3. F+O 4. F 5. F+O C. 16. F 17. F 18. F+O 19. O 20. F8InferencesPractice 1 Practice 2 Practice 3 Practice 4 1. C A.1.C B.5.C C.9.B A.3,4,6 1.Simile,B 2. D 2.B 6.B 10. A B.1,4,6 2.Simile,C 3. D 3.C 7.A 11. B. C.1,4,6 3.Metaphor,B 4. B 8.C 12. B. 4.Metaphor,C 5.M