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语法难点突破之语法难点突破之 三三 非谓语动词（一）非谓语动词（一）语法难点突破语法难点突破德化八中德化八中 苏林有苏林有1.to do 2.-ing 3.done1.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.2.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.3.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.4.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）下面从两个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从两个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤2.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1.(上海卷上海卷).the city centre,we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.A.Approaching B.Approached C.To approach D.To be approached2.(陕西卷陕西卷)._from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A.Seen B.Seeing C.Have seen D.To see we the south foot of the mountain（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank_ presents for my dad.（全国全国I）A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought【解析解析】由于为我爸爸购买礼物是我取钱的目的，所以要用不定式，由于为我爸爸购买礼物是我取钱的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除因此可排除 A 和和 C。另外，由于先取后买，故选。另外，由于先取后买，故选 B。如：为了赶上第一趟公交车，他很早就起床了如：为了赶上第一趟公交车，他很早就起床了.to catch up the first bus.2.He had wonderful childhood,_with his mother to all corners of the world (安徽卷安徽卷)A.travel B.to travel C.traveled D.traveling 3.In the 1970s,people from around the world settled in the UK to live and work,_food from home which attracted the British.(11省统考二省统考二12）A.to bring B.bringing C.brought D.bring【解析解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示动作持续了一段由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示动作持续了一段时间，故用时间，故用-ing。句意为：和妈妈游遍世界各地，他度过了自己美。句意为：和妈妈游遍世界各地，他度过了自己美好的童年。好的童年。原则二：原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.-ing.inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1）.Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）2）.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest )3）.The secretary worked late into night,_ a long speech.(prepare)4）._ warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，或不定式，其原则区别是，用用-ing-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。4.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_ the students to return to their classrooms.(江苏卷）江苏卷）A.enabling B.having enabled C.to enable D.to have enabled 【解析解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。如：如：It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.（陕西卷）（陕西卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 5.It rained heavily in the south,_ serious flooding in several provinces.（天津卷）（天津卷）A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式.7.His first book next month is based on a true story.（陕西卷陕西卷）A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published 8.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed D.to open and close【解析解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间存在逻辑之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表正的被动式表正在被进行的动作。在被进行的动作。of原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.9.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（陕西卷）（陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John faced with(be)faced with原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）的完成式）10.Dina,_ for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（湖南卷（湖南卷）A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle 【解析解析】因为因为 Dina 与与 struggle 是主动关系，且是主动关系，且 struggle 发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 took 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语的完成被动式作原因状语。原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。11.(重庆卷重庆卷)Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one first is the library.A.repaired B.being repaired C.repairing D.to be repaired 12.（全国（全国I）Mrs.White showed her student some old maps_from the library.A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing.原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/to do,原则区别是：原则区别是：v-ing 表示自然而然的结果，表示自然而然的结果，to do 表示出乎意料的结果。表示出乎意料的结果。原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主语应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。Practice Summary 1.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤 方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态定时态 2.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则
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