广州中考 动词 非谓语动词

中考 动词 非谓语动词考点一、 动词概念二、 动词分类三、 非谓语动词四、 例题分析五、 中考连接六、 中考演练 一、动词的概念 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。二、动词的分类1行为动词1） 行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。如：More and more people study English.(vt)The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)动词短语一）、动词+副词有的一般不跟宾语，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等；有的可以跟宾语，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：Weve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。Weve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)二）、动词+介词如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如：I dont care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。三）、动词+副词+介词如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。四）、动词+名词+介词如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如：Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。注意：有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法）The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法）2连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。如：Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.It feels damp.英语连系动词的分类(1) 状态系动词：只有be一词。如： She is always like that. 她总是那样。(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如：I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。(4) 感官系动词：表示“起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。(5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。(6) 终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。如：His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。3助动词助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。如：How do you usually come to school?The children are playing yo-yo now.4情态动词情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare, should, have to等。如：Can I help you?- Must we go now? -No, you neednt .a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的能；be able to用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而能。b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为必须，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/has to表示客观需要，意为不得不，它可用于各种时态。cneed和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。三、非谓语动词1.动词不定式可以做主语（形式主语it)、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, ask, (would) like, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, (would)prefer.2.动词Ing在下列一些动词后面常跟动词ing作宾语，而不跟不定式：admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等3、在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词ing形式作宾语，意义不同， 如：I remember doing this exercise before. 这记得以前做过这个练习。Remember to post the book for me. remember doing 记得（做过的事，某事已做过）remember to do 记住 （去做某事，某事还没做）We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.Dont forget to give m regards to them.forget doing 忘了（做过的事，某事已做过）forget to do 忘了（去做某事，某事还没做）Ill try to improve my pronunciation.Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?try to do 尽力去做某事try doing (用另外一种方法) 试一试，试试看I suggest we stop working and have a rest.They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.stop to do 停下（某事）去做某事（表目的）stop doing 把某事停下来（宾语）What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?I wont wait if it means delaying a week or so. mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着做某事4、在love, like, hate prefer后面跟不定式和动词ing形式无多大区别，如：Do you like to eat an ice-cream? I like traveling very much.I like driving (to drive) fast cars.四、例题分析1. Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of 【答案】【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：谢谢您的邀请，但很抱歉我不能去。我需要在家照看孩子。take care of意为“照看；照料”符合句意。而take away“带走”；take off“脱下；起飞”；take out of“从取出”均与句意不符。2, Again and again the doctor _ the crying baby girl, but he couldnt find outwhat was wrong with her.A. looked over B. looked afterC. looked forD. looked out【答案】 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。look over检查，look after照看，look for寻找，look out当心 ，句意：医生一遍又一遍地检查这个哭泣的小女孩，但是没有发现她有什么病。3. So many problems! Im tired. You should try to them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get over 【答案】【解析】考查动词词组。get into“陷入”；get off“下车”；get on“上车”；get over“克服”。克服困难应该用get over，4. You are _to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesnt get bored A. suggested B. supported C. taught D. supposed 【答案】【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：用QQ在网上聊天时你应该打字快一点，这样另一个人就不会厌烦。suggest “建议”， support “支持”，teach “教”， be supposed to do 则表示“应该做某事”，符合句意。5. I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous. A. not to playB. to play not C. not playing D. not play 【答案】【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式做tell的宾语补足语，构成tell sb. to do sth.结构，对不定式进行否定在to前加not。即tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。6. I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping.A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making【答案】 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。try to do sth.意为“努力/尽力做某事”，否定式为 try not to do sth.，句意指尽量不去制造任何噪音。7. Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? For your health, my boy. A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing【答案】【解析】考查固定搭配。stop to do sth. “停下来去做另外一件事”; stop doing sth.”停止正在做的某件事”。题意为“爸爸，我为什么必须停止玩游戏？”“为了你的健康，孩子。8. Driving less, walking more is good for our health.So Id rather an hours walk to work than consider a car.A. take, driveB. take, to driveC. take, driving D. taking, driving【答案】【解析】考察动词及动词短语的用法。would rather do意为“宁愿干某事”， 后面接动词原形；consider doing意为“考虑做某事”，后面接动名词。9. The Greens used to live in London and now they _ in Beijing.A. used to live B. are used to liveC. are used to living D. are used for living【答案】【解析】考查固定结构的用法。根据句意：“格林一家过去生活在伦敦，但是现在他们习惯于生活在北京。” used to do sth“过去常做某事”；be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，10. All the Chinese people must work hard China Dream. A. to realize B. realize C. realizing【答案】【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。根据前面句意为“所有的中国人必须努力工作”，和后面句意为“实现中国梦”，可知不定式作目的状语。五、中考连接22. （2014广州中考） Do you want to eat here? No. Just fish and chips to _, please. A. get away B. take away C. send away D. throw away17. （2013广州中考）I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous. A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play23. （2013广州中考）Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of 19. （2010中考）You should really smoking. Its a terrible habit.A. grow up B. pick up C. give up D. set up21. （2010中考）The teacher told the students any food into the computer room.A. not to bring B. not bring C. dont bring D. bring not22. （2011中考）I feel a bit hungry now. - Why not _ for dinner with us？A. go B. did you go C. to go D. do you gol 7.一（2012中考）He asked her_the bag because it was too expensive A.not to buy B.to buy not Cnot buying Dnot buy1 9（2012中考）Although you may meet some difficulties, you should never Aturn up Bget up Cgive up Dgrow up71（2012中考）你们彼此用邮件联系吗?Do you with each other by email?68.（2011中考） It has been sunny all day， so I dont think it will r_ tomorrow.66. （2010中考）When will you come back, Dad? I m you so much71. （2013中考）离开课室时请关灯。Please_ _ the lights when you leave the classroom.75. （2013中考）你知道在哪里买这种邮票吗？Do you know_ _ _ this kind of stamp? 67.（2014中考）Dont f_ to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom71.（2014中考）长大后我想成为一名英语教师。 I want to be an English teacher when I _ _.语法选择 There once was a farmer who lost his watch in his barn (谷仓). The watch was only cheap but was very _36 to him because it was a gift from his father.After _ 37 _ the barn for a long time, he gave up and asked for _38 _ from a group of children playing nearby. He _39 _ them that the person who found the watch would be rewarded.Hearing this, the children hurried inside the barn _40 _. They searched everywhere but still could not find the _41 _. Just when the farmer was going to give up, a little boy went up to him and asked to be given another _42_. The farmer looked at him and thought, “ Why not? After all, this kid looks honest.”So the farmer _43 _ the little boy back into the barn. After a while the little boy came out with the watch in his hand! The surprised farmer asked the boy how he _44_ where the rest had failed.The boy replied, “ I did nothing but sit quietly and listen for the sound of the watch.”This shows us that sometimes a _45_ mind can think better than an excited one.”36. A. important B. expensive C. useless D. interesting37. A. finding B. searching C. watching D. studying38. A. money B. danger C. work D. help39. A. promised B. taught C. warned D. believed 40. A. angrily B. slowly C. immediately D. hardly41. A. rule B. book C. child D. watch42. A. way B. chance C. lesson D. smile 43. A. threw B. sent C. gave D. caught44. A. came B. knew C. succeeded D. suggested45. A. beautiful B. smart C. peaceful D. quick六、中考演练1 . By the time I locked the door, I realized I _my keys at home. A. had repaired B. had changed C. had forgotten D. had left 2.How are you going to be a basketball player ? I every day. A. am going to practice basketball B. am going to study mathC. am going to take acting lessons D. am going to study computer science23. Many social workers went to Yaan to help clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.A. put outB. come outC. work outD. give out4. When he saw a wallet on the ground, he _at once.A. picked it up B. gave it up C. picked up it5.The boy is sleeping. Please _the radio.A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on6. Its everyones duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign. Sure. We should try to _ all the food that weve ordered. A. give up B. eat up C. turn up D. show up 7. What smells terrible? Sorry, Ill _ my shoes and wash them at once. A. put away B. take away C. move away D. get away 8. Here is the book. First _ it and then tell me what you think of it.A. look intoB. look throughC. look upD. look after9. What kind of persons do you prefer to make friends with? I choose my friends on their characters and how we _.A. get inB. get upC. get onD. get off10. Dinner is ready. Help yourself! Wow! It _ delicious. You are really good at cooking A looks B sounds C tastes D feels11. In April, the weather in some places in Shanxi was really changeable. People still remember they have _ four seasons in a week. A. organized B. experienced C. described 12. A student in Fudan University was killed by his roommate just because of small things in daily life. It is important for students to learn how to _ each other. A. get on with B. come over to C. stay away from 13.If you want to buy this dress , you d better _ first to make sure it fits you . A. pay for it. B. take it off. C. tidy it up . D. try it on.14. Whos the most modest boy in your class? Daniel. He never _ in public. A. gets off B. takes off C. shows off D. turns off15.David Burts dream in China is to go into the west and an early childhood school there.A. clean upB. look upC. give upD. set up17.I think Ive got a bad cold, Doctor, Shall I take some medicine? No need. Your body itself is able to the virus. Just drink more water and rest.A. catchB. fightC. loseD. hide18. He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches19.Everyone may feel time very quickly when they do something interesting. A. go by B. to go by C. went by【解析】考查宾语补足语。动词feel表示“感觉”，后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时动词不定式符号to要省略。句意为“每个人都能感到时间的快速流逝”。20 Im looking forward to _my parents soon. What about you? Me tooA. seeing B. see C. saw21. Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking22. The retired couple enjoy _ photos. They always go out with their camerasA. take B. took C. to take D. taking23. Im sleepy. I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk. A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep24. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk25. He used to _in a small village, but now he has been used to _in a big city.A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living26.You look too tired. Why not_a rest?A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having27. Would you mind_ the window? Its very hot. No, not at all. A. open B. to open C. opening28. How kind you are! You always do what you can _ others. A. helpB. helpingC. helpsD. to help29. What a heavy rain! So it is. I prefer _ rather than _ on such a rainy day. A. to go out; stay at home B. to stay at home; go out C. going out; stay at home D. staying at home ; go out30. He promised _his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see