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同位语从句讲义1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用附属连词。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，她们都很焦急。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿据说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由附属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not.我不懂得她与否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一种她如何做了此事的问题。1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别?that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一种句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语教师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)她昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2某些表达“建议、命令、规定”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语调should+动词原形表达。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的祈求：尽快解决这个问题。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的重要从句之一，从句作同位语表达与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相称于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充阐明或进一步解释，相称于一种表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。具体信息一种名词(或其他形式)对另一种名词或代词进行修饰，限定或阐明，这个名词(或其他形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的教师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照顾家中的其她孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是目前她们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是由于它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词背面，用以阐明该名词表达的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词一般有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，她让我告诉你她今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 她必须回答她与否批准这样一种问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在阐明的名词背面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 她忽然想起也许敌人已经逃出城了。 同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语一般有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。 1. 连词that引导同位语从句 （注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你觉得不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)背面的同位语从句要用虚拟语调 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应当离队。 【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that一般不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 她拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是她要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句 （注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们与否请专家由家庭医生来定。 【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 其他引导词引导的同位语从句 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不懂得她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语） 2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不懂得哪种酒最佳，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 同位语从句-有关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1.一般状况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的背面，用以阐明该名词所体现的具体内容。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一种消息，她说她今天下午不能来看你了。 2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所阐明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她忽然想起也许在她离开家时没把门关上。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词一般用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿据说我不能来？ 三、同位语从句的语调 在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；规定”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词一般用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语调构造，句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.教师给我们提出了某些如何使用电脑的建议。 四、同位语从句的先行词 同位语从句的先行词一般是抽象名词，常用的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是如何解释的? 代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同步兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我目前还活着。 有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般觉得，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，由于它相称于“主语+be+表语”构造。 You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。 同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别： 1意义的不同 同位语从句是用于阐明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语一般可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其她类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到她要来这个消息我们不久乐。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到她告诉我们的这个消息我们不久乐。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们快乐只是由于她告诉的这个news而不是其她的news，故that从句为定语从句) 2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 3. 引导词的功能上的不同 that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，一般有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 此外，when和where 引导定语从句时，一般只修饰表达时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它一般只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： I have no idea when they will come . 我不懂得她们什么时候来。(同位语从句) Ill never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘掉我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句） 同位语从句-特殊形式1.间隔同位语从句 同位语从句一般是跟在它解释或阐明的名词后，但有些状况下，由于句子构造的因素，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其她的词隔开。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday 简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句 2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语调。 She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她祈求立即请医生来。 简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。 3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句 I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。 简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,)后的that从句为同位语从句。 同位语从句-雅思例句1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain. 2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse. 4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own countrys tradition and cultures.同位语从句练习题用合适的连接词填空：It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped_nature will never be destroyed.5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off?7. Word came_I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9.The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.B.单选It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3.-What are you anxious about? - _A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4.The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person 6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why 7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that 8.-What do you think of China? -_different life is today from _it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9.Give this to _you think can do the work well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that练 习 二1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D. it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 练习一答案A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD练习二答案：1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的重要从句之一，从句作同位语表达与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相称于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充阐明或进一步解释，相称于一种表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。具体信息一种名词(或其他形式)对另一种名词或代词进行修饰，限定或阐明，这个名词(或其他形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的教师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照顾家中的其她孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是目前她们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是由于它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词背面，用以阐明该名词表达的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词一般有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，她让我告诉你她今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 她必须回答她与否批准这样一种问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在阐明的名词背面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 她忽然想起也许敌人已经逃出城了。 同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语一般有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。 1. 连词that引导同位语从句 （注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你觉得不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)背面的同位语从句要用虚拟语调 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应当离队。 【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that一般不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 她拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是她要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句 （注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们与否请专家由家庭医生来定。 【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 其他引导词引导的同位语从句 连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不懂得她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语） 2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不懂得哪种酒最佳，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语） 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, why We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 同位语从句-有关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1.一般状况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的背面，用以阐明该名词所体现的具体内容。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一种消息，她说她今天下午不能来看你了。 2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所阐明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她忽然想起也许在她离开家时没把门关上。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词一般用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿据说我不能来？ 三、同位语从句的语调 在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；规定”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词一般用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语调构造，句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.教师给我们提出了某些如何使用电脑的建议。 四、同位语从句的先行词 同位语从句的先行词一般是抽象名词，常用的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是如何解释的? 代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同步兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我目前还活着。 有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般觉得，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，由于它相称于“主语+be+表语”构造。 You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。 同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别： 1意义的不同 同位语从句是用于阐明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语一般可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其她类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到她要来这个消息我们不久乐。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到她告诉我们的这个消息我们不久乐。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们快乐只是由于她告诉的这个news而不是其她的news，故that从句为定语从句) 2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 3. 引导词的功能上的不同 that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，一般有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 此外，when和where 引导定语从句时，一般只修饰表达时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它一般只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： I have no idea when they will come . 我不懂得她们什么时候来。(同位语从句) Ill never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘掉我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句） 同位语从句-特殊形式1.间隔同位语从句 同位语从句一般是跟在它解释或阐明的名词后，但有些状况下，由于句子构造的因素，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其她的词隔开。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday 简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句 2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语调。 She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她祈求立即请医生来。 简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。 3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句 I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。 简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,)后的that从句为同位语从句。 同位语从句-雅思例句1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain. 2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse. 4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own countrys tradition and cultures.
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