高中英语各个时态考点

会计学1高中英语各个时态考点高中英语各个时态考点在高考英语中，动词的在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态时态和语态是是，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重的同时，注重上下文上下文的语境中考查时态和语的语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参时间参照信息照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。第1页/共34页Ill go there after I _(finish)my work.The water will be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave)at 6：30.A snow _(expect)to come next week.On the wall _(hang)a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash)well.Dont take it away.It _(belong)to me.He said water_(boil)at 100.【答案】答案】finishare takenleavesis expected hangswashesbelongsboils第2页/共34页一般现在时一般现在时 1 1、表示动作的经常性或真理、表示动作的经常性或真理2 2、表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状、表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状 态动词态动词3 3、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来时或现在完成时表示将来4 4、表示预计或规定、表示预计或规定5 5、方位副词或介词短语放在句首若句子主语是、方位副词或介词短语放在句首若句子主语是名词，用完全倒装结构，也表示正在发生的动名词，用完全倒装结构，也表示正在发生的动作；作；6 6、用于文学作品和文学评论中或者戏剧舞台说、用于文学作品和文学评论中或者戏剧舞台说明明,也用于场景描述（如现场解说）也用于场景描述（如现场解说）7 7、用于交通时刻表安排、用于交通时刻表安排第3页/共34页 现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时时和将来进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或者近阶段在做的现在进行时表示现在正在进行或者近阶段在做的事的情况，也表示计划、安排要做的事，还可以事的情况，也表示计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly，all the time连用；连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行，还可以表示过去的将来动作；行，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。行的动作。第4页/共34页用进行时表示将来的情况用进行时表示将来的情况 某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，head,fly,stay,start，take off等，另外，等，另外，have,give 构成的部分短语构成的部分短语。【例】【例】He _ to see you tomorrow.A.comes B.has come C.is coming D.was comingC第5页/共34页一般不用于进行时的动词一般不用于进行时的动词 状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如；状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如；like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。等。1.感官系动词或感官结果的动词感官系动词或感官结果的动词2.思想意识形态转变的动词思想意识形态转变的动词3.只表示抽象关系不表示具体动作的动词只表示抽象关系不表示具体动作的动词（有些词偶尔会用进行时表示一种趋势，如有些词偶尔会用进行时表示一种趋势，如 people are finding.越来越发现）补充：系表结构越来越发现）补充：系表结构+being，表示一时间的举动，表示一时间的举动第6页/共34页【例】-You are drinking too much.-Only at home.No one _ me but you.A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.sawC第7页/共34页 用所给动词的适当形式填空：Have you moved into the new house?Not yet.The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall)while he _(ride)his bicycle and _(hurt)himself.Why are her eyes red?She _(cry)He _(fly)over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch)TV.Why not do something more active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No，but we _(try)to get in touch with them ever since.【答案】are being paintedfell；was riding；hurthas been cryingwill be flyingare；watchinghave been trying第8页/共34页 一般将来时一般将来时 注意区别注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：will do表示事物的固有属性或按自然规表示事物的固有属性或按自然规律的必然趋势，此外，还表示说话间的临律的必然趋势，此外，还表示说话间的临时决定或者习惯倾向性，意愿，相信将来时决定或者习惯倾向性，意愿，相信将来要发生的事；要发生的事；be going to do表示计划、打算要做某表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；推断；第9页/共34页be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；注意和与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；注意和when从句的搭配；从句的搭配；有些动词如有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该（应该（常常和第二、三人称用）；也表示常常和第二、三人称用）；也表示想要，打算；注定会想要，打算；注定会”，第10页/共34页 用所给动词的适当形式填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt.The plane_(take)off.Look at the timetable.Flight 4026 _(take)off at 18：20.If you _(succeed)，you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds.It_(rain)The light is still on.Sorry.I _(go)and turn it off.【答案】【答案】is takingtakesare to succeedis going to rainwill go第11页/共34页“be due to+动词原形动词原形”表示将来的用法表示将来的用法 表示按计划或时间表预期将要发生某事。表示按计划或时间表预期将要发生某事。【例】【例】The strike _ begin on Tuesday.A.is due to B.is about to C.shall D.are going to【例【例】The teacher said，“All the exercises _ be handed in on time.”A.will B.are to C.are about to D.are going toAB第12页/共34页 1.现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时的基本用法 主要强调主要强调“过去过去”和和“现在现在”的关系，须注意下面几的关系，须注意下面几点：点：(1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。指过去的动作对现在的影响。(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从从句连用。句连用。(3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。(4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：in/over the past/last few years，by now，up to/untill now，so far，already，yet，since，lately，before，never，once，today，this week (month，year)，many times，just等。等。第13页/共34页【例】【例】-Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?-Sorry，I _ myself clear.We want to return on October 20.A.hadnt made B.wouldnt make C.dont make D.havent made【例】【例】-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her birthday.-Oh，how nice!Do you know when she _?A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.leftDD第14页/共34页 用所给动词的适当形式填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空：I havent seen you for ages.Havent you graduated from college?Yes.I_(study)English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put)my book?I cant find it anywhere.Although he has lived with us for years，he _(not leave)us much impression.My brother is an actor.He _(appear)in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise)【答案】【答案】studiedhave；puthasnt lefthas appearedpromised第15页/共34页特殊句型特殊句型1.ItThisThat is the firstsecond time that+陈述陈述句；此句型中句；此句型中that引导的从句常用现在完成时。引导的从句常用现在完成时。2.ItThisThat is the+最高级最高级+名词名词 that+陈述句陈述句，此句型中此句型中that引导的从句引导的从句也也常用现在完成时。常用现在完成时。3.It is/(has been)+段时间段时间+since+句子（一般过去时句子（一般过去时4.It will be+段时间段时间+before+句子（一般现在时）句子（一般现在时）5.It was+段时间段时间+before+句子（一般过去时）句子（一般过去时）第16页/共34页区别下列几组句子：区别下列几组句子：He has lived in London for three years.(现在现在还住在伦敦还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years(现在不在伦现在不在伦敦了敦了)Its two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已他不抽烟已两年了，注意持续性动词表达的意思两年了，注意持续性动词表达的意思)Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽他抽烟已有两年了烟已有两年了)第17页/共34页This is the first/second.time(that)I have_visited the school.This was the first/second.time I had_visited the school.He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本去年他在写一本书书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书去年他写了一本书)I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国我原以为他是美国人人)I think he is an American.(我觉得他是美国人我觉得他是美国人)第18页/共34页 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示即表示“过去的过去过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，注注也表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：也表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/.to do.，but.I hoped/expected/.to have done.，but.I would like/love to have done.，but.I was to have done.，but.I was going to have done.，but.I would have done.，but.had done 的结构也用于虚拟语气中对过去的假设。的结构也用于虚拟语气中对过去的假设。第19页/共34页特殊句型特殊句型1.ItThisThat was the firstsecond time that+陈述句；此句型中陈述句；此句型中that引导的从句常用过去引导的从句常用过去完成时。完成时。2.ItThisThat was the+最高级最高级+名词名词 that+陈述句陈述句，此句型中此句型中that引导的从句引导的从句也也常用常用过去过去完成时。完成时。3.It was +段时间段时间+since+句子（过去完成时）句子（过去完成时）4.Hardly/scarcely/rarely had sb done sth when/before+句子（过去时）句子（过去时）5.No sooner had sb done sth than+句子（句子（过去时）过去时）第20页/共34页将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个将来的某个时间时间”:by the time，by the end of，by.。如。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year.【例】【例】By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _for London to attend a meeting.A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.leftC第21页/共34页 用所给动词的适当形式填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空：Helen _(leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come)home.I _(hope)to meet Mr.Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.By the time he _(return)home，the work had been finished.By the time he returns home，the work _(finish)We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk)for six weeks.【答案】答案】had left；camehad hopedreturnedwill have been finishedwill have walked第22页/共34页关于语态的考点关于语态的考点一、定义与用法一、定义与用法 英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由的承受者。被动语态由“beget+过去分词过去分词”构成。构成。【例【例1】This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.A.was named B.named C.is named D.names【例【例2】This old bookcase_ when we moved it.A.damaged B.has damaged C.got damaged D.was being damagedAC第23页/共34页二、两种特殊的被动语态1.双宾语动词的被动语态双宾语动词的被动语态 英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：He bought me many books。I was bought many books.或或Many books were bought for me.2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是由短语动词是由“动词动词+介词介词”，“动词动词+名词名词+介词介词”等结构构成等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。【例【例3】-Why does Lingling look so unhappy?-She _ by her classmates.A.has laughed B.has laughed at C.has been laughed D.has been laughed atD第24页/共34页三、主动表被动的若干情形1.1.连系动词连系动词(如如looklook，soundsound，smellsmell，feelfeel，tastetaste，proveprove等等)要用主动表被动。要用主动表被动。【例【例4 4】Although all of the apples_Although all of the apples_，none none of them _good.of them _good.A.have been tasted A.have been tasted；taste B.have been tastedtaste B.have been tasted；are tastedare tasted C.have tasted C.have tasted；taste D.have tastedtaste D.have tasted；are tastedare tasted2.2.英语中有些动词如：英语中有些动词如：openopen，closeclose，shutshut，locklock，movemove，readread，washwash，cleanclean，cookcook，cutcut，wearwear，carrycarry等，当主语是等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。【例【例5 5】Being popular with customersBeing popular with customers，the products the products _well and may be_ in two months._well and may be_ in two months.A.sell A.sell；sell out sell out B.are sold B.are sold；sell outsell out C.sell C.sell；will be sold out will be sold out D.are sold D.are sold；will be sold outwill be sold outAC第25页/共34页3.to blame/let/rent/hire用作表语，通常用主动表被动。用作表语，通常用主动表被动。【例【例6】The policy is partly_ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.A.to be blamed B.to blame C.being blamed D.blaming4.“主语主语+be+形容词形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有：这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。等。【例【例7】The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable_.A.to sit B.to sit on C.to be sat on D.for sitting【例【例8】A lot of people find modern art very hard_.A.understood B.to be understood C.to understand D.being understoodBBC第26页/共34页5.5.不定式用于某些动词不定式用于某些动词(如：如：havehave有有，getget，wantwant，needneed等等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。【例【例9 9】I have some clothes _ nowI have some clothes _ now，so I canso I cant go out to play.t go out to play.A.to wash A.to wash B.to be washed B.to be washed C.washing C.washing D.being washed D.being washed注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。【例【例1010】SirSir，do you have something _ do you have something _?I?Im free now.m free now.A.to type A.to type B.typing B.typing C.to be typed C.to be typed D.to have D.to have typedtypedAC第27页/共34页6.在“with+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。【例11】With so many difficult problems_，I dont know if Ill have time to go camping with my friends this weekend.A.to settle B.settled C.to be settled D.have to be settled 7.be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。如：These ten books recommended by this well-known website are really worth_.*注：而worthy多用be worthy of being done或be worthy to be done【例12】The book is worthy _again because it is very instructive.A.reading B.to read C.to be read D.of readingCAreading第28页/共34页四、不及物动词和有些及物动词四、不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语短语)无被动语态无被动语态 常见的有occur，take place，happen，break out，belong to，appear，disappear，cost，last，agree with等。【例13】Great changes _in the city and a lot of factories_ A.have been taken place；have been set up B.have taken place；have been set up C.are taken place；are set up D.were taken place；were set up【例14】In a struggle _for many years，the Aborigines claimed equal rights for all Australians，but the Australian government didnt pass laws to strengthen the rights until the 1960s.A.that lasting B.lasted C.that was lasted D.that lastedB BD第29页/共34页其它典型考点*在在needneed，wantwant，requirerequire，deservedeserve后接动名词后接动名词主动形式，相当于主动形式，相当于to be doneto be done。如：。如：The watch needs The watch needs repairingrepairing（=to be repaired)=to be repaired).He deserves He deserves praisingpraising/praise/to be praised/praise/to be praised.*“get“get过去分词过去分词”可以表示被动，可以表示被动，也表示遭遇某种也表示遭遇某种不良状况，不良状况，此结构比较口语化。此结构比较口语化。用所给动词的适当形式填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空：The patient _(treat)once a week.The patient _(treat)once a week.He fell off the building and _(kill)He fell off the building and _(kill)【答案】【答案】gets treated/is treatedgets treated/is treated got killed/was killedgot killed/was killed第30页/共34页*感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加态时要加toto。将下列句子改为被动语态：将下列句子改为被动语态：I saw him fall down.I saw him fall down.He was seen_He was seen_I made him wash the dishes.I made him wash the dishes.He was made_He was made_【答案】【答案】to fall downto fall down to wash the dishesto wash the dishes第31页/共34页 *“据说据说/据报道据报道/”的表达：的表达：It is said/reported/believed/known/.that从句，常可改为：sb./sth.is said/reported/believed/known.toIts said that he has left the stage.He is said to have left the stage.be+be+表语表语be+V-ingbe+V-ingV-V-原形原形have done have done sth.sth.第32页/共34页第33页/共34页