英语句子成分(经典).ppt

英语句子成分,. This kind of skirt is very _ (fashion). 2. His suggestions are _ (reason). 3. It is _(obviously ) that he won the match. 4. That s really a _ (science ) method(方法) 5. there are too many _ (art ) scenes in the park . 6. We should do something to stop the _ (globe) warming.,fashionable,reasonable,obvious,scientific,artificial,global,1.With the _ (develop) of the science, we improve our living conditions greatly. 2. European _ (settle) began in 1840 when the British arrived. 3. Have you made an _ (arrange) about your trip? 4. Could you give me some _ (suggest) on our plan? 5. A cinema is a public place of _ (entertain ).,development,settlement,arrangement,suggestions,entertainment,After sunset, the sky darkened _ ( rapid ) _ ( fortunate ), they escaped from the big fire. _ ( general ) speaking, people in South China live on rice. His daughter is _ ( serious ) ill, so he has to ask for leave. The car which was out of control _ (violent ) hit the big tree. The typhoon is _ (extreme ) strong.,rapidly,Fortunately,Generally,seriously,violently,extremely,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 同位语, 状 语, 地点, 时间,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,Elements of a sentence: S - subject V - verb P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement,主,谓,表,宾补,定,状,宾,主语（subject） 是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般位于句首。,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,（名词） （代词） （数词） （不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语（verb） 是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）,(1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese. I saw the flag on the top of the hill? (2)情态V + V原 He can speak English well. (3)助V +V She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before.,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? I succeeded in passing the exam.,（名词 ）,( 代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语（object）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后,宾语分为直接宾语(direct object) 和间接宾语(indirect object). 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books., 间接 宾语 （承受者）, 直接 宾语 （对象）,Please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,I found the book interesting. I make my students intertested in my class. She asked me to lend her a hand. We made him monitor in our class. We found him in trouble now. We found it necessary to study English.,（六）宾语补足语 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep,（It形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）,（四）表语(predicative),在系动词后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。 The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im tired today. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease. That s why he came here.,（四）表语(predicative),在系动词后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。 The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im tired today. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease. That s why he came here.,(形容词),(现在分词),（不定式）,(过去分词),(名词),(介短),(从句),（五）定语（adjective） 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前 前置定语 短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前 后置定语,He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),定语后置： 如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置 The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?,用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 修饰adj./adv.时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 说明动作于“何时,何地,如何”发生, 或者说明“adj./adv.”的程度。 状语分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随等状语。,（六）状语（adverbial）,This book is very interesting. I run fast/quickly. They are playing on the playground at eight. I John often came to chat with me His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,(副词),(介短),（不定式）,（V-ing短语）,(副词),Please call me if it is necessary. Suddenly, I heard the bird sing a song. You probably know more than you think.,（从句）,（副词）,（副词）,(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off., She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,同位语 对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明,We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. He told me the news that our team won the game.,名词,代词,从句,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 注意：系动词(除be外)不用于被动语态. 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 例如： The rumor proved false.,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,Elements of a sentence: S - subject V - verb P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverbial Oc - object complement,主,谓,表,宾补,定,状,宾,简单句,简单句（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。按照句子的用途可以分为四种。 作一种陈述（陈述句） The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. 提出一个问题 (一般/特殊/选择/反义疑问句) Does the shop close at 7 tonight? 发出一种命令或请求（祈使句） Shut/Open the door. 表示一种感叹（感叹句） What a slow train this is!,（句子用途）,句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,Summary,复习简单句： 对下列句子的成份进行划分,Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him go.,Practice, ,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,.简单句,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语, ,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,Exercises:分析句子结构,1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today. 3）What you said made me happy. 4）You could give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5）We found a man lying on the ground. 6） It is my duty to look after these children. 7） You had better keep the window open.,8）He likes pop music. 9）The sound sounds strange. 10）The food tastes good. 11）He has been learning English for years. 12）We think it a pity that she didnt come here. 13）,1. He learns German. 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 3. We sang and danced yesterday evening. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon.,（一个主语和一个谓语）,并列句,常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror,.并列句,This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre alive! And shes dead.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,宾语,that I passed the exam.,what he needs.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,宾语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that he has finished his work. whether he has finished his work.,宾语从句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Washington. when he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether he is leaving for Washington.,宾语从句,* I understand that he is well qualified. * He said that he didnt like her. I dont know if you can help me. They want to know where you are going . The students has decided when they hold the meeting.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,the people,surprised,That,What he said What he did,主语,That he didnt know the answer,in the room.,定语,who were sitting in the room. who were present. whose sons were at war. who had signed the contract.,1) 主语从句,* What he said is not known. * That we shall be late is certain. * It is certain that we shall be late. * How strange it is that the children are so quiet!,2) 定语从句,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He said he knew the boy who was sitting by the window.,The picture which is on the wall is drawn by my father.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,2）表语从句,* That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is who can replace her. * The reason is that he has lied to me several times.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地点状语,时间状语,where his father worked,in that factory,where I lived,when he lived there,His father worked there.,I lived there.,He lived there three years ago.,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,Put the book,on the desk.,where you took it.,where it was.,地点状语,where you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where there are a lot of trees.,wherever you like.,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,用所给连词连接句子。,He has found out. She was late. (why),He has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when),I still remember the day when I first went to York.,将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （时间） It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果） Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (条件) We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him. Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,状语从句,分为八类：时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、,1) 时间状语从句,Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turned green.,常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等,2) 条件状语从句,If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.,常用的关联词有：if, unless, as long as , on condition that,常用的关联词有：though, although, even if, even though,3) 让步状语从句,Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.,So long as you need me, Ill stay.,4) 结果状语从句,She was so happy that she didnt know what to say . He is such an honest boy that we all like him.,常用的关联词有：so that, such that,5) 目的状语从句,Come early in order that/so that you may see him.,常用的关联词有： so that, in order that in case,Take your rain coat in case it rains.,6) 地点状语从句,Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like.,常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere,7) 原因状语从句,As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman,常用的关联词有：because, as, since,常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how,8) 方式状语从句,He did just as you told him.,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,He has found out why she was late.,I still remember the day when I first went to York.,He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,1. The reason why he was dismissed is that he didnt work hard. 2. I doubt whether he will succeed. I dont know if you can help me. 3. That the earth is round is well-known. 4. They believed that they would win the game. 5. When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 6. Do you know the woman who is talking to Mr Green ?,划出从句，并判断从句的种类。,(定语从句）,（表语从句）,（宾语从句）,（宾语从句）,（主语从句）,（宾语从句）,（状语从句）,(定语从句）,7. It all depends on whether they will support us. 8. We will go where the Party directs us. 9. The news that Jim told us is true. 10. He always thinks of how he can work better. 11. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 12. The photographs will show you what our village looks like. 13. It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.,（宾语从句）,（状语从句）,(定语从句）,（宾语从句）,（状语从句）,（宾语从句）,（表语从句）,有关“跨文化”话题 假设你叫李华，你的外国朋友John想了解中国的春节，请根据以下提纲，给他写一封短信： 1、春节在中国人中的地位 2、春节的时间. 春节前人们 3、春节期间，人们 参考词汇：对联couplet 爆竹firecracker Dear John, How time flies! Four months have passed since we saw each other last time. I cannot help but miss you. You asked me about Chinese Spring Festival. Now I would like to tell you something about it._,写出下列与春节有关的词汇 春节 _ 农历_ 正月_ 除夕_ 初一_ 团圆饭_ 年夜饭_ 爆竹_ 饺子_ 年糕_ 过年_ 传统的_ 张贴_ 庆祝_ 聚集_ 节日气氛_ 吃饭_ 看电视_ 休息_ 放松_ 风俗习惯_,Lunar calendar,Lunar January,New years Eve,First day,Family reunion dinner,The dinner on New Years Eve,Firecrackers,Spring Festival,Jiaozi,New Year Cake,the atmosphere of the festival,customs and habits,spend the new year,traditional,put up,celebrate,get together,have dinner,watch TV,have a rest,relaxed,与要点有关的句子: 春节是中国的传统节日 春节在农历的第一天 3. 春节是家人聚会的节日 4. 春节前打扫房间, 贴春联, 放鞭炮，吃饺子， 看电视。 5. 结束语,The Spring Festival is a Chinese traditional festival.,The Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first lunar month.,It is when all family members get together,A few days before the festival, houses are cleaned and red couplets are put up on the doors of every household.,参考文章： How time flies! Four moths have passed since we saw each other last time. I cannot help but miss you. You asked me about Chinese Spring Festival. Now I would like to tell you something about it. The Spring Festival is a Chinese traditional festival. It is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. The Spring Festival begins on the first day of the first lunar month. It marks the first day of a new year. A few days before the festival, houses are cleaned and red couplets are put up on the doors of every household. They are said to frighten away the ghosts.,On that day, people are dressed up. Firecrackers ring out in the air, which adds to the atmosphere of the festival. People after a years hard work begin to relax and visit one another. Presents and dinners are given to celebrate the happy reunion of friends and relatives. Families get together. They have jiaozi and enjoy the New Year TV show. Customs may vary from place to place, but the same happy atmosphere is to be found everywhere in the country. Now, I hope you have some idea of Chinese Spring Festival. Best wishes,简单句基本句型,Basic Sentence Patterns,在英语中，简单句的基本结构主要有以下5种类型。,1. 主 +谓（S+Vi） I work. 我工作。,2.主 +谓+ 宾（S + Vt. +O） She studies English. 她学英语。 3. 主 +谓+ 表（S+V1+P） John is busy. 约翰忙。,4.主 +谓+ 间宾 + 直宾（S+V+IO+DO） My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣服。 5. 主 +谓+ 宾 + 补（S+V+O+OC） I found the book interesting. 我觉得这个书很有趣。,注意： 状语可以出现于以上任何一种简单句的结构中。,Look at the pictures and then read the following story, paying attention to the numbered sentences.,One day, Jimmy stood by a window. 1) He looked out. 2) He saw a bird. 3) The bird was beautiful. The beautiful bird was singing aloud. 4) Suddenly, he heard the bird begin to talk to him. “Hi, I am Jill. Who are you?” Jimmy was very surprised.,He asked the bird. “Are you speaking to me?” The bird, Jill, said, “Yes. I am very hungry. 5) Can you give me something to eat?” Jimmy then put some rice on his palm to feed the bird. As soon as the bird finished eating the rice, Jimmy found himself flying together with the bird in the sky. Oh, what a wonderful dream!,1. Put the numbered sentences after the correct sentence patterns.,1. 主 +谓（S+V） He looked out.,2.主 +谓+ 宾（S+V+O） He saw a bird. 3. 主 +谓+ 表（S+V+P） The bird was beautiful.,4.主 +谓+ 间宾 + 直宾（S+V+IO+DO） Can you give me something to eat? 5. 主 +谓+ 宾 + 补（S+V+O+OC） Suddenly, he heard the bird begin to talk to him.,2. Read the story again and find more sentences which match the five basic sentence patterns.,1. S+V One day, Jimmy stood by a window. The beautiful bird was singing aloud.,2. S+V+O He asked the bird. Are you speaking to me? Jimmy then put some rice on his palm to feed the bird. As soon as the bird finished eating the rice ,3. S+V+P I am Jill. Who are you? Jimmy was very surprised. I am very hungry.,4. S+V+IO+DO 无。 5. S+V+O+OC Jimmy found himself flying together with the bird in the sky.,3. Study the chart carefully, and then complete the following sentences.,Noun, _ can be used to be a subject. _ can be used to be a predicate. Noun, _ can be used to be an object.,pronoun and the “- ing” form,Verb and verbal phrase,pronoun, the “- ing” form, the infinitive and object clause,Noun, _ _can be used to be a predicative. Noun, _ _can be used to be an object complement.,adjective, prepositional phrase, the infinitive and the “- ing” form,adverb, adjective and prepositional phrase,noun adj. / adv. Infinitive/ V-ing/ V-ed/ etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun/ the + adj/ V-ing / Clause/ Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / the + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,Noun/ Pronoun/ adj. / adv./ Infinitive/ V-ing / V-ed/ clause etc.,Follow the example and mark the elements of each sentence.,1. I am looking forward to meeting you. 2. We found a man lying on the ground.,S,V,O,O,OC,3. Your boss called and left you a message. 4. I know exactly what they want. 5. Its my duty to look after these children.,S,V,V,IO,DO,O,S,6. Tom asked whether he could borrow my new dictionary. 7. The speaker raised his voice and finally made himself heard. 8. Do you think it necessary to build a new camp?,O,O,V,V,O,OC,OC,O,（It形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）,Read the following passage and mark the sentence elements of the coloured parts. The first one has been done as an example.,It is the last day of October ( ). Children put on costumes ( ) some children dress like pirates or ghosts. Others ( ) try to look like famous people. On Halloween night, they carry a big sack ( ) and say “trick or treat”( ) outside the door of each house. People give ( ) them ( ) candies or fruits ( ).,P,O,S,O,V,IO,DO,O,The symbols of Halloween are pumpkin lanterns ( ). They are made from pumpkin shells. The favourite drink at Halloween time is apple juice. Americans also call it ( ) cider ( ). Teachers often serve the children ( ) cider ( ) in elementary school on Halloween Day. The boys