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阅读理解是通过语篇对学生综合运用语言的能力进行考查的题型。综合运用语言的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以与对材料的评估能力等。阅读理解题的难度并不是很大，以确认短文的事实和细节为主。但是随着课程标准的实施，对学生高层次阅读能力的要求有所增加。考点2016201520142013主旨大意题1次2次3次2次细节理解题6次10次8次9次推理判断题2次2次2次1次词义猜测题2次1次2次3次纵观近几年来的阅读理解题，有以下几个考查特点： 1. 细节理解题是考查的重点，一般是针对某个特定细节来提问。 2. 阅读词汇量、信息量有所递增，要求学生进一步提高阅读速度。 3. 增加了生词量，加大了对学生猜测词义能力的考查。 4. 主旨大意题每年都考，这不但要求学生能准确地确认细节问题，而且要求学生能对文章进行高度概括或总结。阅读理解主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，通过分析近几年中考题，阅读理解命题有以下趋势： 1. 联系生活实际，关注社会热点。 2. 篇幅变长，词汇量有所增加，选材广泛。 3. 注重对学生综合能力的考查，比如词义猜测题。 4. 注重文章的整体阅读，不但要理解文章的细节，而且要理解整篇文章，比如主旨大意题。阅读理解能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平，是中考不可缺少的题型之一。为了提高阅读理解水平，我们应做到下面几点： (一)要充分利用好课本素材。深入挖掘课本素材，根据课本上多层次的阅读任务，逐步掌握文章信息，培养学生处理信息的能力。学生必须先自主阅读，找出问题，然后在教师的引导和点拨下解决疑难问题。对于精彩的段落，可以选择背诵，以增强英文语感。有了强烈的语感，阅读理解能力会不知不觉地提高。 (二)要努力拓展课外阅读。要多阅读一些选题严谨而又新颖，时代感强，覆盖面广的文章。当前的阅读理解选材越来越注重现代化、多样化、知识化和生活化，容贴近生活，蕴涵着丰富的世界各国文化背景知识，具有强烈的时代感和交际性，常常从不同侧面反映目前人们的思想意识、生活情趣和对人、对自然的态度与与世界的交流。只有通过大量阅读不同题材和体裁的短文，才能不断增强快速捕捉、掌握信息的能力，也能提高面对较长篇幅阅读材料的心理承受能力。 (三)要注重阅读方式。在平时的练习中，做完阅读，就是核对答案与纠错。事实上，纠正答案对文章的二次阅读往往起着至关重要的作用。首次读文章时，我们应当模拟考试的紧气氛，捕捉所需要的信息，尽量做到高质高效。二次阅读的目的就不再是获取信息了，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析作者的意图。同时要把二次阅读变成精读，因为要想真正培养逻辑推理能力，提高阅读水平，精读是必不可缺的。 (四)要积累大量的词汇，夯实语法知识。英文阅读理解涉与语篇、段落、句子、词汇四个层次的理解，而其中最根本的是对词汇的理解。要想准确理解文章的涵，必须拥有较大的词汇量。我们不但要掌握课本上的词汇，而且也要注重对课外阅读词汇的掌握。比如，我们可以利用二次阅读积累词汇。我们要通过平时的学习积累教学考纲中要求的各个语法项目，这样就能通过分析句子结构辨别意群与正确理解结构复杂的长句，为更好地理解文章做好铺垫。总之，只要我们充分利用好课本素材、努力拓展课外阅读、注重阅读方式以与积累大量的词汇和夯实语法知识，英语阅读理解能力必定会有所提升。中考阅读理解的考查方式主要有：(一)主旨大意题；(二)细节理解题；(三)推理判断题；(四)词义猜测题。针对这四种考查方式，我们可以运用以下方法与技巧：一、主旨大意题主旨大意题是针对文章的主题、标题或写作目的而设置的题目。这类题主要考查学生在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。其最有效的方法是找出主题句，我们可以通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整篇文章的主题句，这是找准文章主旨大意的关键。主题句是文章的核心，它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句，文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。对于主旨大意题，要始终渗透“通读全文，了解文意”的阅读理念。(2015潍坊，C)On a cold winter morning, a poor boy called Howard Kelly was on his way to school. He was so hungry that he decided to beg(乞讨) for a meal at the next house. A lovely young lady opened the door and she brought him a large glass of milk. He had it slowly，and then asked, “How much do I owe(欠) you?” “You owe me nothing, ” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness. ”He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart. ” Years later the woman became seriously ill. The local doctors sent her to the big city, where specialists(专家) can study her illness. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation(会诊). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went to her room. He recognized her at once and decided to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her and her illness. After a long time, the lady was well again at last. Dr. Kelly asked the hospital office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she had thought that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side caught her attention. “Paid in full with a glass of milk. ”例What does the story intend to tell us? A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. Every kindness will be paid off. D. Better late than never.解析Where there is a will, there is a way. 意为“有志者, 事竟成”；A friend in need is a friend indeed. 意为“患难朋友才是真朋友”；Every kindness will be paid off. 意为“好心总会有好报”；Better late than never. 意为“迟做总比不做好”。本文通过讲述凯利小时候得到别人的帮助，后来报答对方的故事，告诉我们要多做善事。应选C。答案C二、细节理解题细节理解题指针对文章细节描写或与文章主旨大意、情节发展相关的具体事实所设置的题目。这类题主要考查学生获取信息与对文章所提供信息的理解能力。解答此类题，我们一定要本着从原文中寻找答案的原则。首先要正确理解题干，然后直接到文中寻找信息源，再进行理解和分析就确定答案了。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。同时还要注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分往往是出题者进行误导的落脚点。(2015潍坊，B)例How much should the boys parents pay the babysitter for one day? A. 4. B. 6. C. 8. D. 10.解析由广告A中Mon. -Fri. (星期一至星期五)与40 a week(每周40英镑)可知，每天是8英镑。答案C三、推理判断题推理判断题，既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图与文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断。解答此类题要注意两点：与原文相同的细节不能选。因为此类题是我们作出的推理判断，忌原文呈现。文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章作推断，即要忠于原文，在文章中寻找可推断的依据，切忌把自己的观点当成作者的观点。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节理解题和主旨大意题的方法，即可得出正确答案。 One morning Fan Xing discovered that her classroom had changed. The 13-year-old saw that the desks were no longer in rows(排)，but pushed together to make six bigger desks. The new arrangement (排列) was part of a reform (改革) at Fans school，Changsha Daotian Middle School in Hunan. About five weeks ago，more than 2，000 junior students at the school began studying in this way，with six to eight students sitting in groups.“This reform is designed to provide students with easier ways to study and more chances for discussion，”said Liu Xu，a school head teacher. “Our school hopes it can improve students abilities(能力) for self-study as well as teamwork. ”例The purpose of the new classroom arrangement is to . A. make the students feel fresh and interested B. divide big classes into small classes C. make more room for new students D. provide students with more chances for teamwork解析此题考查新的教室排列的目的。第一段和第二段介绍了这一排列，第三段介绍了这项改革的目的，选项D与之相符，所以选择D。答案D四、词义猜测题词义猜测是利用上下文语境对某些生词作出推测和判断。该题型旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇意思的能力。词义猜测题：第一，要熟练掌握大纲单词，平时注意积累生词和短语。第二，根据熟悉的词与词义判断生词的意思。第三，要把生词放到句子里，把句子放在句群里，根据上下文判断生词在特定句子中的确切意思。(潍坊中考改编)Never giving up is the key to making our dreams come true. We may fail from time to time，but we can learn from failure，correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. Our life is like a long journey. It sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainbows will appear after storms.例Whats the meaning of the underlined word “failure”? A. 放弃B. 成功C. 失败D. 梦想解析从原句 We may fail from time to time，but we can learn from failure，correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. 中的We may fail from time to time以与correct our mistakes and try again可知，我们可能会失败，但是我们可以从失败中学习，所以选C。答案C(一)(2016，A)Our new neighbours are the Browns. They have two children，a boy and a girl. The boy is Jack and the girl is Alice. Jack is 11，and he is one year older than me. Alice and my sister Nancy are 8 years old. At weekends，Nancy and I like to go to play with Alice and Jack. Both Jack and I really enjoy playing computer games. Sometimes the girls join us，but the games they enjoy are different from the ones we like. There is a big park near our house. Sometimes，when the weather is fine，the four of us will go for bike rides there. We often stop at the huge playground to have some fun. Jack and I like to play basketball，but the girls prefer to sing and dance. Our families often have dinner together. On some days，they come over to our house and on other days，we go over to theirs. Mr Brown and his wife cook really well. Nancy and I are very glad to have the Browns next door. Its great to have friends living so near. 短文大意：本文作者介绍了自己的新邻居布朗一家。布朗夫妇有一个儿子杰克和一个女儿爱丽丝。“我”和妹妹南希喜欢和他们两个一起玩耍。两家人经常在家中聚餐。1. Who are the writers new neighbours?A. A family of three. B. The Browns. C. Jack and Nancy. D. Alice and Nancy. 2. How old is Alice?A. 8. B. 9. C. 10. D. 11. 3. The girls prefer to at the playground in the park. A. listen to musicB. play basketballC. sing and danceD. play computer games4. Where do the two families have dinner together?A. At a park nearby. B. At a restaurant. C. In a forest. D. At their houses. 5. The writer thinks its to be friends with the new neighbours. A. boringB. greatC. difficultD. safe(二)(2016，B)Do you know that in some parts of the world，people build temporary (暂时的) hotels made of snow and blocks (大块) of ice?These are known as ice hotels. Unlike usual hotels，all the rooms in the ice hotels are made of ice. In some ice hotels，even the glasses for drinks are made of ice blocks. So they only serve cold drinks. Also，hot food is not served in the ice hotels，but guests can eat hot food at places nearby. To keep warm，guests sleep in comfortable sleeping bags on ice blocks that are covered by mattresses (床垫) and reindeer skins (驯鹿皮). There are some places in the ice hotels that are heated，such as the bathrooms. This is because，even though it is not as cold in the ice hotels as it is outdoors (在户外)，indoor temperatures are still very low. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the ice hotels is that they are rebuilt every year. They can be used only during the winter months. The ice hotels melt (融化) away when spring arrives. The ice blocks used to build these hotels are from nearby rivers. So，when the ice hotels melt away，they melt back into the rivers. 短文大意：本文介绍了世界上的冰雪酒店。冰雪酒店用雪和冰块建成。酒店甚至装饮料的杯子也是用冰块制成的。客人睡在覆盖着床垫和驯鹿皮的冰块上，并且还配有舒适的睡袋。冰雪酒店在冬天建成并使用，当春天到来时，冰雪融化，酒店慢慢消失，化为冰水流入河中。1. According to the passage，ice hotels. A. are found everywhereB. do business in summerC. are made of glassD. are made of snow and ice2. Which of the following about the ice hotels is true?A. They are just like usual hotels. B. The glasses are made of wood. C. They serve cold drinks. D. The rooms are made of bamboo. 3. You cant see in the ice hotels. A. hot foodB. reindeer skinsC. sleeping bagsD. mattresses4. Why are bathrooms heated in the ice hotels?A. Guests want to eat in them. B. Indoor temperatures are very low. C. Guests ask the hotels to do that. D. It is as cold indoors as it is outdoors. 5. What happens to the ice hotels in spring?A. They melt away. B. They are rebuilt. C. They are repaired. D. They need more ice. (三)(2016，B)“I will think of it. ” It is easy to say this，but do you know what great things have come from thinking?Sir Isaac Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He began to think and tried to find out why the apple fell. Then he discovered how the sun，moon，and stars are kept in their places.A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fire，watching the lid of the kettle move up and down. He wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the lid. From that time he went on thinking and thinking. And when he became a man，he improved the steam engine (蒸汽机) so much that it could easily do the work of many horses.James Ferguson was a poor boy. Once，seeing the inside of a watch，he wondered. “Why should I not make a watch?” But how could he get the materials to make the mainspring (钟表的主发条)?He soon found he could make it with whalebone (鲸骨). He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. His motto (座右铭) was “I will think of it. ” And he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world. Boys and girls，when you have a difficult lesson to learn，dont lose heart，and dont ask someone for help before helping yourselves. Think，and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose. 短文大意：本文通过科学名人牛顿、瓦特和弗格森的事例说明了思考的重要性，要求我们学会如何思考才能达到目的。1. From the passage，we know that some great things come from . A. listeningB. readingC. speakingD. thinking2. The idea of Isaac Newtons discovery was from . A. the falling of an appleB. the cleaning of a gardenC. the falling of a treeD. the moving of a lid3. The achievement of James Watt was that he . A. kept thinkingB. found the steam in the kettleC. improved the steam engine muchD. watched the lid move up and down4. The right order of the following sentences is . James Ferguson made a wooden clock. James Ferguson saw the inside of a watch. James Ferguson made the mainspring with whalebone. A. B. C. D. 5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Learn to ask for help. B. A difficult lesson to learn. C. It is easy to say “I will think of it. ”D. Think，and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose. (四)(2016，A)Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People put it on windows，doors and walls for the festival. A thousand years ago，paper cut was used for decoration (装饰). In Tang Dynasty women used paper cut as headdress. In Song Dynasty，it helped make gifts more beautiful. Whats more，people would feel happier when they saw paper cut on windows，doors and walls. Now people use paper cut to express their wishes for welcoming the New Year. There are different kinds of paper cut in different parts of China. Pictures usually cover nearly all things，from flowers，birds to the famous people. Now，there are factories for paper cut in China. Paper cut has changed from decoration to a kind of art. At the same time，paper cut also appears in cartoons，magazines or TV programs. 短文大意：本文介绍了中国剪纸这种艺术。一千年前，人们将剪纸用于装饰。现在，人们常用剪纸来表达新年愿望，剪纸已经从装饰变成一种艺术。同时，剪纸也呈现在动漫、杂志或电视节目中。1. people like to use paper cut for their festivals. A. AustralianB. ChineseC. EnglishD. American2. In Song Dynasty，paper cut helped to make gifts more . A. beautifulB. famousC. differentD. expensive3. This passage is mainly about . A. cartoonsB. TV programsC. paper cutD. hair cut(五)(2016，B)Dont do your homework alone when you find it difficult!TFKs Homework Helper has many useful tools with tips to help you do your homework better. A + Papers Do you need help with writing homework?Check out A + Papers!It will show you how to write eight different kinds of school papers. Get Started!Flash-card MakerDo you know the state capitals?Check yourself with TFKs flash cards (抽认卡)，or make your own flash cards to study for your next exam. Get Started!Writing Suggestions How do you write a good article to introduce yourself?Find answers to all of your writing questions here. Get Started!Grammar Talent Do you know how to use commas (逗号)?Are you a talent when it comes to big letters?Go over grammar rules，and then test yourself with Grammar Talent. Get Started!Writers ToolboxWhether you need a dictionary or an electronic (电子的) machine which can change one language into another，weve got you covered here. Get Started!短文大意：这是一则介绍TFK家庭作业助手的广告。当你独自做家庭作业有困难时，TFK家庭作业助手会帮助你更好地完成家庭作业。1. According to this ad，you can use TFK to . A. play gamesB. watch TVC. draw pictures betterD. do homework better2. of TFK may help you get the state capitals. A. Writers ToolboxB. Flash-card MakerC. Grammar TalentD. A + Papers3. With the help of Writing Suggestions，you can . A. change one language into anotherB. look up some new wordsC. write a good article to introduce yourselfD. go over all grammar rules4. In this ad， tools of TFK are introduced. A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six(六)(2016，C)A science fiction flying car looks like a normal car，but it is an aircraft (飞行器) that anybody can fly directly from any place to another without using roads or runways. Science fiction writers have written about flying cars for a long time. But now flying cars will soon fly out of the world of science fiction into our real world. And the dream of the science fiction writers will soon come true.The first-known sky car is the FSC-1. The FSC-1 looks like an expensive sports car. You can drive the FSC-1 on the road like a normal car. If you touch a button，its wings and propeller (螺旋桨) fold out and then it can take off，fly and land as an airplane. The owners of the FSC-1 can choose if they want to drive or fly. Another flying car or sky car is the Moller Skycar M400. Although you cant drive it on the roads，it is small and easy to fly and can take off and land like a helicopter (直升飞机). Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk is another type of sky car. It is expected to be available for about 3 million. Just like any new technology，flying cars have taken a long time to be developed. But some experts think the technology is far from what people imagine when they are sitting in traffic. It still needs to be improved. 短文大意：本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的情况。它从科幻作家的作品中进入了现实生活。文中也介绍了三种飞行汽车的情况，但它们还需改进，因此它们进入人们的生活仍需很长的时间。1. kinds of flying cars are mentioned in the passage. A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five2. The writer thinks that flying cars will be no longer a dream because . A. science fiction writers ideas are stupidB. they are too expensive to makeC. they will soon be availableD. they are only in science fiction3. The FSC-1 can . A. change itself into a robotB. move on water like a shipC. be flown only like an airplaneD. be driven like a car and flown like an airplane4. The Moller Skycar is different from the FSC-1 because . A. it cant flyB. it cant be driven like a carC. it is difficult to landD. it is much more expensive5. Some experts think the technology of flying cars is . A. normalB. traditionalC. not good enoughD. strange(2016，A)Each Friday，my sons kindergarten (幼儿园) class has “a prize day”. All the children who do well in the week can get a prize. The children have behavior cards. The cards start out green every morning，but are changed from green to yellow，orange and finally to red if they do something wrong. Most of the children never change their cards from green. On many Fridays，a boy named Tommy often walks out with an unsmiling face because he has had a bad day or two that week. Tommy is a naughty boy and he often causes trouble. Other children would tell their parents：“Tommy got angry, ” or “Tommy didnt listen to the teacher，”or “Tommy got trouble today. ” But recently，things have become much better for Tommy. My son reports proudly each day，“All GREEN today. ” Last night，after I kissed him goodnight，he said he was very excited because tomorrow was a prize day. “And I hope，hope，hope that Tommy stays on green!” My heart was filled with pride. I told my son how kind it was of him to think of Tommy rather than caring about his own prize. I am so proud of both my son and Tommy and I hope one day they will both understand what the real prize was!短文大意：星期五是儿子幼儿园的奖励日，表现好的孩子会得到奖品。一个叫Tommy的男孩很调皮，经常闯祸，孩子们会把他的表现告诉自己的父母。但最近Tommy的表现好多了。昨天晚上，儿子说他希望第二天Tommy能保持良好的表现。作者为儿子感到自豪，因为他能为别人着想。1. What color is a behavior card at first?A. Red. B. Yellow. C. Green. D. Orange. 2. If a boys card was changed into red，it showed that . A. he got a prizeB. he did badlyC. he helped other childrenD. he became better than before3. The underlined word “naughty” in Paragraph 2 refers to . A. 聪明的B. 友善的C. 向的D. 淘气的4. From the passage we know that . A. things were becoming better for TommyB. Tommy behaved worse and worseC. Tommy always listened to teachersD. Tommy never got a green card5. Why does the father take pride in his son?A. Because his son always cares about him. B. Because his son always thinks of his own prize. C. Because his son often tells him what happens at the kindergarten. D. Because his son always thinks of Tommy rather than caring about his own prize. (八)(2016，A)Let me tell you about a young boy who made a model car all on his own. The boy is me，six years ago when I was just 11. The car was small and simple，but in my imagination it was a high-speed racing car，speeding along the race road. It was during the school summer holidays and workmen were building a new driveway and garage (车库) beside our house. It meant to add something new to our home. When I watched the workmen，I came up with an ideaI would build a car to drive into the garage in celebration of it. I told my mother and began with my plans. But I couldnt find the right things for making the car，so I gave up and sadly spent several days doing nothing. My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why. I explained and she suggested that maybe I should change my plan to fit the things I had，rather than give up. And thats just what I did. I found small pieces of wood in my fathers workshop and made my car from anything that was lying around the house. When I found a small engine (发动机) from one of my old model planes，I added
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