小学英语语法知识及练习1

小学英语语法复习要点一、名词可数名词：表示可以详细个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式及不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则：1一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不行数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help扶植，music音乐）。不行数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能及不定冠词连用。写出下列各词的复数 photo _ diary _ day_ dress _thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ juice_water _ rice_ tea _ man_ woman_ banana _ bus_ child _ foot _ sheep _ leaf(树叶) _ dish _ knife _ pen_ boy_ baby_ map _ city _ box _ book _ class _ eye _ office _ car_ fox(狐狸) _ watch _ library _ pear _ skirt _ shelf _ cinema _ tomato _ tooth _ wife_ Englishman_ paper _ milk_ Frenchman _ postman _ family _ mouse _ people (人们) _ fish _ brush _ mango _ Japanese _ sandwich _ policeman_ watermelon_ Chinese_ strawberry _ match _ glass _ 二、一般如今时一般如今时根本用法介绍 一般如今时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示常常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转。一般如今时的构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。留意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。） 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。留意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。）一般如今时的改变：1. be动词的改变。 确定句：主语+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。 否认句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)如：I am a student.-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特别疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the treeWhere is your bike2.行为动词的改变。确定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。否认句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I like bread. I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否认句。如：He ofter plays football. He doesnt often play football.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does）如：I often play football. - Do you often play football- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike.- Does she go to school by bike- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特别疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bikeHow does she go to school动词+s的改变规则1一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般如今时用法专练:一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_do_ teach_二、用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom 6. Where _ your mother She _ at home. 7. How _ your father 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this 10. Whose socks _ they 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao Shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. David and Tom _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Mike _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today Its Saturday.四、依据要求改写句子1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否认句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作确定答复)_4. Helen likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否认句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否认句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线局部提问)_8. Jim comes from Canada.(对划线局部提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)_10. Tom and David like going skating.(改为否认句)_五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English _2. Does he likes going fishing _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _六、一般如今时翻译练习 1.我们每天七点钟上学。 We _ _ _ at seven oclock _ _.2.教室有一些学生。 There _ _ _ in the classroom.3苏海英语说得很好。 Su Hai _ _ very _.4.高小姐教英语。Miss Gao _ _.5.我父亲起得很早。 My father _ _ early.6.我们特别喜爱英语。 We _ English _ _.7.他常常步行去上学。He usually _ _ _ _ _.8.他努力学习英语。 He _ _ hard.9.她学英语吗？ _ she _ _10.他是做什么工作的？ _ is his _11.他不在家里做作业。 He _ _ _ _ at home.12.我们星期天不去学。 We _ _ _ _ on Sundays.13.他常常十点钟睡觉。He often _ _ _ _ _ .14.有时我五点钟起床。 Sometimes, I _ _ _ _.15.他们早上七点钟去上学。They _ _ _ at seven _ _ _.三、如今进展时1如今进展时表示如今正在进展或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进展的动作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.）2如今进展时的确定句根本构造为be+动词ing.如：Tom is reading books in his study .3如今进展时的否认句在be后加not。如：Tom is reading books in his study .Tom is not reading books in his study .4如今进展时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ？5如今进展时的特别疑问的根本构造为：疑问词+一般疑问句 （留意：当划线局部包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线局部放到句首，原划线处应加上doing） 如：Tom is reading books in his study . Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study Is Tom reading books in his study What is Tom doing in his study Where is Tom reading books动词加ing的改变规则1一般状况下，干脆加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping如今进展时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的如今分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否认句)_2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作确定和否认答复)_3.Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线局部进展提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线局部进展提问)_四、如今进展时翻译练习 1.我正在读英语。I _ _ English.2.他正在写字。He _ _.3.你正在唱歌吗？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。_ you _ Yes, _ _ _. / No, _ _ _.4.他(她)在听音乐吗？_ he/she _ _ _5.你正在干什么？ 我正在做作业。_ are you _ Im _ _ _.6.看！杰克正在游泳。Look, Jack _ _.7.听！她正在唱歌。Listen, she _ _.8.如今我正在清扫房间。I _ _ my _ now.9.你父亲在干什么？他正在看电视。What _ your father _ He _ _ _.10.他正在打一封电子邮件吗？是的。_ he _ _ _ Yes, _ _.11.琳达常常在晚上做作业,但她今晚在看电视。Linda often _ her _ in the evening. But she _ _ _ this evening.12.今日天气不错。瞧！他们正在草地上玩耍。It is _ today. Look, they _ _ on the _.13.我不能和你出去了.外面正下雨呢。I _ go out _ _. It _ _ outside.14.如今我们正在吃晚餐。We _ _ _ now.15.我的父母年岁越来越老了。My parents are _ _ _.四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、安排或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、根本构造：be going to + do；如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.will+ do. 如：I will go swimming tomorrow.三、否认句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow. I will not go swimming tomorrow.四、一般疑问句： be动词或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. Are you going to go swimming tomorrow I will go swimming tomorrow. Will you go swimming tomorrow五、对划线局部提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句)一般状况，一般将来时的对划线局部有三种状况。1、问人。Who 例如：I am going to school. Tom will go to school. Are you going to school Will Tom go to schoolWhos going to school Who will go to school2、问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. Is your father going to watch a race with you this afternoon.？What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？My father will watch a race with me this afternoon. Will your father watch a race with you this afternoon.？What will your father do with you this afternoon？3、问什么时候。When.例如：She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine？ Will she swim at nine？When is she going to swim？ When will she swim六、同义句：be going to = will (be going to 常指客观状况，will 常指主观状况)I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 一、填空。1我准备明天和挚友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2下个星期一你准备去干嘛 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday I _ play basketball.3你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4你们准备什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet二、改句子。1. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否认）Nancy _ going to go camping.2. Ill go and join them.（改否认）I _ go _ join them.3. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow4. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.5. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线局部提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school6. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects 5. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend She _ (watch) TV and (catch) insects.6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday I _ (milk) cows.7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.8. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.9. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.10. I _ (plan) for my study now.五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去常常或反复发生的动作。2Be动词在一般过去时中的改变：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否认、疑问的改变和is, am, are一样，即否认句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否认句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday 特别疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterdayWhat did Jim do yesterday动词过去式改变规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：词义如今（原形）过去是am, is (be)was是are (be)were成为becomebecame开场beginbegan弯曲bendbent吹blowblew买buybought能cancould捕获catchcaught选择choosechose来comecame切cutcut做do, doesdid画drawdrew饮drinkdrank吃eatate感觉feelfelt发觉findfound飞flyflew遗忘forgetforgot得到getgot给givegave走gowent成长growgrew有have, hashad听hearheard受伤hurthurt保持keepkept知道knowknew学习learnlearned, learnt允许，让letlet躺lielay制造makemade可以maymight意味meanmeant会见meetmet必需mustmust放置putput读readread骑、乘riderode响、鸣ringrang跑runran说saysaid看见seesaw将shallshould唱歌singsang坐下sitsat睡觉sleepslept说speakspoke度过spendspent扫sweepswept过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do _Be动词的过去时练习（1）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1I _ at school just now.2He _ at the camp last week.3We _ students two years ago.4They _ on the farm a moment ago.5Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、句型转换1. It was exciting. 否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_2. All the students were very excited. 否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_3. They were in his pocket. 否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_Be动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1I _ an English teacher now.2She _ happy yesterday.3They _ glad to see each other last month.4Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5The little dog _ two years old this year.6Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_肯、否认答复：_三、中译英1. 我的故事书刚刚还在手表旁边。My storybook _ beside the watch _ _.2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧房里了。Their _ _ in the bedroom _ _.3. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。There _ two _ in the garden _ _ _.行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _