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2022年高考英语专题复习 图示“方位介词”教案 (I)介词的种类很多。在初中英语中,有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词,我们称之为方位介词。如in(在里),behind (在后面),down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近,在用法上很难区分,如on, over, above 都有“在之上”的意思,但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。on(强调与物体的表面相接触) (不必与物体表面相接触,但强调与物体的位置垂直)over (不必与物体表面相接触,也不必与物体的位置垂直)above介 词图 示意 义例 句1in在之内The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教师里读书。2on在上面The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。3over在(正)上方There are several bridges over the river.河上有好几座桥。4under在(正)下方The boat sailed under the bridge.船在桥下行驶。5obove在上方The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。6below在下方The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。7By在旁边Our house is by the river.我们的房子在河边。Besidee and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。8near在附近I dont need a car because I live near the city centre .我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心9next to紧挨My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。10behind在后面Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。11before在之前He made a speech before a large audience.他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。12outside在外面He parked his car outside the heater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。13to到去We walked to the fruit shop.我们步行到水果店。14from从来We traveled to London from Edingburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。15(a)round围绕All sat around the table.所有的人围绕着桌子坐。16between在之间(指二者)The letter B is between A and C.字母B在A和C之间。17among在之间(指三者或三者以上)The house stands among the trees.房子在树丛中。18across横过、越过If the road is busy, dont walk across it.如果道路拥挤,就不要横穿马路。19through穿过We drove the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。20onto向上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。21into从出来They put the apples into the baskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。22out ofDont look out of the window in class.上课时不要朝窗外看。23along沿着Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿着这条街走,然后向右拐,你就可以看到邮局。24up向上The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the bananas.猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。25down向下The ball is rolling down the hill.球正往山下滚。通过这种方法,我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下:常用表示时间的介词一、at, on, in(A)at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。如:I get up at 6:00 every day.我每天6点起床。注:at daybreak在黎明;at noon在中午;at night在夜间;at Christmas在圣诞节期间;at the age of five在五岁时。(B)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:I heard a shot on (the morning of )March 18.三月十八日(早晨)我听到一声枪响。We dont have classes on Sunday.星期天我们不上课。(C)in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如:in the 20th century在20世纪;in 1999在1999年;in winter在冬季;in September在九月;in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上。二、for, during, through(A)for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如:She has been ill for several days.她已经病了几天了。(B)during表示“在期间”。如:I went to France for two weeks during the summer.夏天我去了法国两个星期。(C)through表示“一直,自始至终”。如:They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。三、from, since(A)from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从”,多用于“fromto/till”中。如:You can e anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什么时间来都行。(B)since表示“自从以来(直到现在)”。如:He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。四、before, by, till, until(A)before指“在之前”,与after相对。如:Please e before ten oclock.请10点以前来。(B)by指“不迟于,到时为止,在以前”。如:We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.到本学期结束前,我们将学了两千英语单词了。注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。(C)till (until)“直到为止”。如(fromyygrammar):You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。注:在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。如I didnt go to bed until 12 oclock.直到12点我才睡。五、after, in, within(A)after表示“在之后”,是before的反义词。如:He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。The meeting will end after 3:00pm.会议将在下午三点后结束。(B)within“在时间之内”。如:I can finish it within an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。注:after与in都可表示“在之后”,但after后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点;而in后必须跟时间段。after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而in只能用于将来时。Ill arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。
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