跨文化交际教案

跨文化交际教案1st ClassI. Introduction to the Course & Class RequirementsA. introduction 1. Content of the Course Course Name: Intercultural CommunicationKeywords: intercultural (=cross-cultural), culture, communication 2. Definitions:Question: what is culture?Ask students to recommend.Lead students to find answers in the book. Unit 2 Reading 1 What is Culture P38 & P40Summarization of all the definition: Culture is the common values, beliefs, behaviors, life patterns, norms and ideas that are shared by a group of people, by which they are distinguished from people from another category.Question: Can an opinion held by an individual be called a culture?No. Culture is about a group of people.Question: What is Communication?Ask students to recommend.Communication is what we are doing every minute in our lives. It is about delivery of information.Question: What are the ways of Communication?Language, body language (eye contact, gesture, facial expression etc.) different ways of communication in different cultures thats what we are studying: learn to communicate in a different culture.3. Aim of the CourseQuestion: Since cultures are different, do you think some cultures are innately superior to other cultures?For consideration: do you think Western culture is better than our culture? Our aim in intercultural communication is not to distinguish different cultures and then hold prejudices against them in intercultural communication, but to cherish in our mind that there is a different way of life from our own but at the same time it has the right to be different. learn to respect and understand, even if its different求同存异Summarization: we are going to learn different ways of life and try to respect and understand them.BClass RequirementsAverage Performance: 30% of the final gradesClass Attendance: 10%Class Participation: 20%Final Paper: 70% of the final gradesReference topics and format requirements will be sent to the class in the end of the semester.II. A Little Communication GameTwo groups. The teacher gives each group a message to pass one by one. And the last student tells what message he/she has received. The group which gets the right message delivered wins.III. Sharing Intercultural Communication ExperiencesAlthough most students probably do not have the experience of going abroad, there can be intercultural communication in our own country. Cultures of different provinces are different from each other. Cultures of different cities. Cultures of different schools.Broaden our mind. 2nd Class:Unit 1 Communication across CulturesI. Warm-up and Lead-inA. Three QuotesThe life which is unexamined is not worth living.SocratesOur most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet.John F. KennedyWe have to face the fact that either all of us are going to die together or we are going to live together and if we are to live together we have to talk.Eleanor RooseveltAsk students what they have learnt through the quotes.B. Warm up storyA man was trying to explain to a blind friend what colors are. (P2)Questions: 1. Why is it difficult to explain to a blind person what colors are?2. Do you sometimes find it hard to make yourself properly understood by others? If you do, why do you think it is hard?Its very difficult for people to understand one another if they do not share the same experiences. Of course, we all share the experience of being human, but there are many experiences which we do not share and which are different for all of us. It is these different experiences that make up what is called “culture in the social sciences-the habits of everyday life, the cues to which people respond, the automatic reactions they have to whatever they see and hear. These often differ, and the differences may cause misunderstandings where we seek understanding.II Reading I: Intercultural Communication: An IntroductionAsk the students read and answer the following questions.1. Aeschyluss recognition of alien differences: “Everyone is quick to blame the alien.Ask students to think about whether it is true and give examples.Eg. Americans are quick to blame the immigrants whenever their economy is undergoing a downturn.2. Whats the difference between todays intercultural contact and that of any time in the past?Todays intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere?Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life form the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does ones family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world. 7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally free society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.III Group work First share with your group members whatever experiences you have had in communication that can be considered as intercultural. Then work together to decide whether each of the following cases of communication is possibly intercultural or not and, if it is, to what extent it is intercultural. (P 11)The following is tentatively suggested for measuring the degree of interculturalness of the cases given. They are presented from the most intercultural to the least intercultural:Communication between a Chinese university student and an American professor;Communication between a Canadian girl and a South African boy;Communication between a first-generation Chinese American and a third generation one;Communication between a businessperson from Hong Kong and an artist from Xian;Communication between a teenager from Beijing and a teenager from Tibet;Communication between a father who is a farmer all his life and his son who works as an engineer;Communication between a software technician and a fisherman;Communication between a male manager and a female secretary (supposing they are from the similar cultural and social backgrounds).3rd Class:Unit 1 Communication across CulturesI. Review of what we have learnt last class.II. Reading I: Discovering Problems: Slim is Beautiful?Questions: which do you think is the mark of beauty, thin or fat?Why is it often said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder?Key Points: 1. We have to remember that the definition of a beauty differs from culture to culture. Hispanic standards: big hips, a moderate tan, a short heightNigeria: voluptuousness, ample backsides and bosoms2. The ideal standard of beauty varies from time to time. Eg. Large size of body used to represent health and wealth. But today, thinness is in fashion.3. Its true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder because people of different cultures and in different situations may have different ideas about what is beautiful and what is not.III. DebateThe class is to be divided into two groups and debate on the two different views mentioned in the following on intercultural communication. State your point of view clearly and support your argument with convincing and substantial evidence.Pro: People are people; more interactions would lead to understanding of each other. (Commonality precedes)Con: People are shaped by different environments they are in; therefore, the difference overrides. (Difference precedes)Possible arguments for pro:1. Human beings tend to draw close to one another by their common nature. 2. Rapid expansion of worldwide transportation and communication networks have made it far easier than ever before for people throughout the world to contact with each other.3. The process of globalization may reduce the regional differences between people all over the world. We are all members of the “Global village.4. Economic interdependence in todays world requires people of different countries to interact on an unprecedented scale, and more interaction will result in more similarity among people.5. More and more people from various cultures have to work and live together and they will adapt to each other to such an extent that cultural differences between them may no longer matterPossible arguments for con:1. People throughout the world may be similar in many aspects, but differences in habits and customs keep them apart.2. Though the basic human needs are universally the same, people all over the world satisfy their needs in different ways.3. As our society is becoming more and more diversified, differences between people tend to grow larger in some aspects.4. It is differences between people that underlie the necessity of communication, and it does not follow that communication which may increase the possibility of understanding between people will always reduce differences.5. People nowadays are more likely to try to maintain their unique cultural identities when they find themselves living or working with people of other cultures.IV. Enjoy a video clip from the movie “Gods Must Be MadLearn how people of different cultures interact and view beauty differently.4th classUnit 1 Communication across CulturesI. Review of what we have learnt last class.II. Reading II: The Challenge of GlobalizationAsk the students to read and answer the following questions:1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?In the past most people were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. 2. What is a “global village like?People may live thousands of miles away and still feel right next door-to-door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization?Technology.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the global may be more local than the local?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We many communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world?Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantages that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw form the case of Michael Fay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalization?Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.III. Differences between Chinese and English-speaking people in the speech behaviorsSpeech BehaviorChinaEnglish-Speaking CountriesGreeting“Have you eaten? “What are you doing?“Hello. “Good morning/afternoon/evening. “Nice to meet you./ Glad to meet you. Or “How do you do?ApologizingChinese people seem to apologize less often than English-speaking people. The Chinese apologize only when they think it is about something that really matters.People often apologize in their daily life even for the most trivial things.Making requestsChinese people tend to make requests in indirect ways, especially when the people involved are not on intimate terms with one another.People tend to make requests directly and openly.Expressing gratitudeChinese people often express their gratitude not just by what they say, but also by what they do and what they give to others who have done them a favor.People tend to show their gratitude more verbally to others who have helped them.Expressing disapprovalChinese people are reluctant to express their disapproval openly for fear of making others lose face. If they have to do so, they often prefer to do it in a very indirect way.People are more likely to express their disapproval freely and directly.Leave-taking Chinese people tend to excuse themselves by claiming that the other party must be tired or busy, etc, showing consideration for the other party.People usually use excuses to part related to themselves rather than to the other party.5th ClassUnit 1 Communication across CulturesI. Review of what we have learnt last class.II. Identifying Difference: How We Address Each OtherAsk Students to suggest different ways of addressing in both China and the West?Chinese way of addressing others: 小姐，师傅，李局，王科，李主任，张院长，老张，小李，赵阿姨，王大叔。Western way of addressing others: Miss, Mr., Ms., Professor, DoctorDiscussion:1. How do you address a friend from an English-speaking country? And how should 2. What differences have you learnt from the different addressing ways of the two cultures?And how should you do it if he or she knows our culture very well or if you speak Chinese to each other?III. Case Study (p23-p25)Divide the class into groups and discuss about the cases first. And then ask students to retell the stories in the four cases and ask them to explain why the stories go like that.6th ClassUnit 2 Culture and CommunicationI. Warm-up and Lead inA: Three quotes:Habit is second nature. English sayingEvery tale can be told in a different way. Greek proverbMind is actually internalized culture. Edward T. HallAsk students what they have learnt through the quotes.B. A little Warm-up Story (p38)Ask students to retell the story. And answer the following questions:1. Why was Tom considered a rude host by his visitors? Try to figure out at least three things among the following Tom did that might be considered impolite?(1) Tom invites them to visit his home but does not invite them to have dinner him.(2) Tom opens the gift as soon as he is presented with it.(3) Tom thanks them only twice for the gift.(4) Tom does not make a second offer of drinks when they refuse the first.(5) Tom talks about the cost of living in the US.(6) Tom does not ask them to stay longer when they say they must be leaving.(7) Tom does not go out to see them off.(8) Tom does not promise to return them a visit later.2. How can you explain the fact that Tom is misunderstood when he actually wants to be kind and friendly to the visitors?To answer the first question, we have to know the cultural background of his guests and hwo different it is from the American culture. Supposing the guests were from China, it seems that at least (2), (4) and (7) may be considered as impolite. If the guests were from some other culture, the answer might be different.II. Reading I: What is Culture?1. Which of the definitions given above do you prefer? Why?2. What have you learned from these definitions about culture?Many things can be learnt from these definitions, for each definition, in spite of its limitations, tells us something very important about culture or certain aspects of culture.3. Do you agree that lower needs always have to be satisfied before we can try to satisfy our higher needs?Even though this is generally the case, there will still be some exceptions. Sometimes people might prefer to satisfy higher needs, for instance, esteem needs, before their lower needs, such as certain physiological needs or safety needs, are satisfied.4. What examples can you give about how people of different cultures achieve the same ends by taking different roads?For example, everyone has to eat in order to live and this is universally true. However, to satisfy this basic need, people of various cultures may do it differently: what to eat and how to eat vary from culture to culture.5. What behaviors of ours are born with and what are learned in the cultural environment?Instinctive behaviors are behaviors that we are born with and ways of doing things in daily life, such as ways of eating, drinking, dressing, finding shelter, making friends, marrying, and dealing with death are learned in the cultural environment.6. What other cultural differences do you know in the way people do things in their everyday life?We can also find cultural differences in ways of bringing up children, treating the elderly, greeting each other, saving and spending money, and many other things people do in everyday life.7. In what ways are the Chinese eating habits different from those of the English-speaking countries?We Chinese may enjoy something that is not usually considered as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we prefer to have things hot and lay much emphasis on taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others.Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, all of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow use the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-Actualization needs to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through.Maslow studied what he called exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass rather than mentall