2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷72（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I cant think of a single study that hasnt found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless rubber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. “In our society, youre considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours sleep. If youve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”1. People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had _.2. According to Dr. David, Americans _.3. Many Americans believe that _.4. The word “subjects” in the last paragraph refers to _.5. It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to _.问题1选项A.no drive and ambitionB.no electric lightingC.the best sleep habitsD.something to do in the evening问题2选项A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB.often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC.do not know how to relax themselves properlyD.can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep问题3选项A.sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB.they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC.to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD.enough sleep promotes peoples drive and ambition问题4选项A.the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB.special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC.people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD.the psychological consequences of sleep deficit问题5选项A.improve ones memory dramaticallyB.be considered dynamic by other peopleC.maintain ones daily scheduleD.feel energetic and perform adequately【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.（我们睡眠不足危机的开始可以追溯到一个世纪前灯泡的发明。）”以及后文的“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.（当天很黑，我们晚上在农场无所事事的时候，最好的睡眠习惯曾经强加在我们身上。）”，由此可知那时因为晚上因为没有照明所以农场里没有事情可做，人们不得不养成了睡9.5个小时的睡眠习惯，所以B选项“无电气照明”符合题意。A选项“没有动力和野心”文中没有提到，C选项“最佳睡眠习惯”不符合题意；D选项“晚上有事要做”说法错误，文中说到了他们晚上无事可做。因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it. They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.（人们在睡眠中作弊，他们甚至没有意识到这件事他们认为自己没事，因为他们觉得睡6.5个小时就够了，但实际上他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”，由此可知美国人经常睡眠不足，但他们不以为然，甚至忽视睡眠不足的后果，因此B选项“常常忽视睡眠不足的后果”符合题意。A选项“即使在生活的压力下也精力充沛”和C选项“不知道如何适当地放松自己”文章没有提到；D选项“只需6.5小时的睡眠”说法有误，文章提到他们自认为6.5个小时的睡眠足够，事实上是完全不够的。因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program.（每当来自工作、家庭、朋友和社区的压力增加时，许多人认为睡眠是他的计划中最便宜的项目）”，由此可知美国人常常认为在忙碌时，睡眠是第一件可以牺牲的事，因此A选项“当一个人忙碌时，睡眠是第一件可以牺牲掉的事”符合题意。B选项“他们需要更多的睡眠来应付日常生活的复杂性”与原文意思相反，故B选项错误；C选项“睡眠是一天中任何时候都可以做的事”和D选项“充足的睡眠促进人们的动力和野心”文章没有提及，因此A选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.（为了确定睡眠不足所产生的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列心理和行为的测试，要求他们把一栏数字相加或者回忆刚读过的文章。）”，由该句意思可推断出subjects应该指人。A选项“睡眠缺乏研究中的性能测试”；B选项“正在研究的特殊知识分支”；C选项“行为或反应被研究的人”；D选项“睡眠不足的心理后果”。其中C选项更符合题意，因此C选项正确。5.判断推理题。根据文章第二段“. they really need 7.5, 8 hours or even more to feel ideally vigorous.（他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多时间的睡眠才能感到精力充沛）”以及最后一段“Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers. Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.（我们发现，如果你睡眠不足，你的表现就会受到影响短期记忆被削弱，做决定和集中注意力的能力也被削弱）”，由此可知D选项“感到精力充沛，表现良好”符合题意。A选项“明显提高一个人的记忆力”；B选项“在别人看来充满活力”；C选项“保持每天的日程安排”都不符合题意，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题_ for his illness, he would have come to help you paint your house.问题1选项A.Not beingB.Not having beenC.Had it not beenD.Having it not been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。当主句结构为：主语+would（should could might）+have+动词的过去分词时，从句结构应为：If+主语+had+动词的过去分词。当虚拟句中的if省略时，主句中的had要提前。原句应为：If it had not been for his illness.，省略if后had提前，句子变为：Had it not been for his illness.。句意：如果不是因为他生病，他就会来帮你粉刷房子了。因此C选项正确。3. 翻译题1. 东风随春归，发我枝上花。2. 只要坚持，梦想总是可以实现的。3. 让几千万农村贫困人口生活好起来，是我心中的牵挂。4. 世界那么大，问题那么多，国际社会期待听到中国声音、看到中国方案，中国不能缺席。5. 经过全国各族人民共同努力，“十二五”规划圆满收官，广大人民群众有了更多获得感。【答案】1.【参考译文】The warm east wind follows the footsteps of spring blowing the earth, prompting the flowers on the branches.2.【参考译文】As long as we persevere, dreams will come true.3.【参考译文】It is my concern to make the lives of tens of millions of poor people in rural areas better.4.【参考译文】The world is so big and faces so many problems. The international community expects to hear Chinas voice and see Chinas solutions, so China cannot be absent.5.【参考译文】Thanks to the joint efforts of the people of all ethnic groups across the country, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been successfully concluded, and the general public has gained a greater sense of gain.4. 单选题John _ smoke heavily, but he has now stopped.问题1选项A.is used toB.was used toC.used toD.has been used to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项is used to和B选项was used to均表示“习惯于；习惯”；C选项used to意为“过去常常，过去经常做某事”，有过去常这样做，现在不这样做了的意味；D选项has been used to是be used to的完成时。句意：约翰过去抽烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题I think we should _ the matter further before signing the contract.问题1选项A.look intoB.look uponC.look afterD.look up【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项look into“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；B选项look upon“看待；视作；看作；对待”；C选项look after“照顾；照料；照看”；D选项look up“仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访；改善”。句意：我认为在签订合同之前我们应该进一步考虑这个问题。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Improved consumer confidence is _ to an economic recovery.问题1选项A.crucialB.subordinateC.cumulativeD.satisfactory【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；B选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的；次要的”；C选项cumulative“累积的”；D选项satisfactory“满意的；符合要求的；赎罪的”。句意：消费者信心的改善对经济复苏至关重要。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Mountain biking demands hill-walking strength as well as track riding skills. Initially, choose gentle routes among familiar terrainor risk _ shoulder-carriers!问题1选项A.long-termB.elongatedC.prolongedD.lengthened【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项long-term用于指“（从现在到将来持续的）很长一段时间”或者“与将来发生的事件有联系”，如：long-term plan。其他3个选项的共同点都是“把拉长”，但B项elongated仅指在空间上拉长，如：The nose is too much elongated. D选项lengthened可以指空间也可以指时间，如：The road could be lengthened.和He lengthened his stay in Beijing.但C项prolonged与elongated和lengthened不同的是，它指“持续到超过正常的时间限度”或“延长正常的时间限度”。句意：山地自行车不仅需要在赛道上骑行的技巧，还需要在山路上行走的力量。首先，要在熟悉的范围内选择比较平缓的路线，否则有可能长时间地用肩扎着自行车。shoulder-carriers在这里指“（骑车人成了）扛车的人”。C选项恰好符合本句的意思，因为，在骑车爬山运动中，有时扛车是难免的，但如果选择路线正确，扛车的时间就不会太长，反之，扛车的时间就会延长。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题One student after another _ up to answer the teachers questions.问题1选项A.standB.standsC.standingD.to stand【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词形式。以“one.after another”做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。句意：学生一个接一个地站起来回答老师的问题。因此B选项正确。9. 翻译题我的导师是亚裔美国人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间内必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只有5人。【答案】My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees.10. 单选题Shanghai Orient Men Basketball Team attributed its _ National League Basketball Tournament in 2002 to a number of _ factors.问题1选项A.losing; ominousB.embarrassing; optimisticC.wining; advantageousD.winning; adventurous【答案】C【解析】考查词汇辨析。A选项losing“损失；失败”；ominous“预兆的；不吉利的”；B选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的；令人为难的”；optimistic“乐观的；乐观主义的”；C选项wining“胜利，致胜”；advantageous“有利的；有益的”；D选项wining“胜利，致胜”；adventurous“爱冒险的；大胆的；充满危险的”。句意：上海东方男篮将2002年全国篮球联赛的胜利归功于诸多有利因素。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important _ of American life.问题1选项A.fashionsB.frontiersC.facetsD.formats【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fashions“时尚；时装；样式；方式；时髦人物”；B选项frontiers“前沿；边界；国境”；C选项facets“面；方面；小平面”；D选项formats“格式；版式；开本”。句意：这本书大致介绍了这些根本的信仰和价值观对美国人生活各个重要层面的影响。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales. He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps children better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task; achieving a more mature consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.Fairy tales, unlike any other form of literature, direct children to discover their identity and calling. These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to ones aid, and that one will succeed. But fairy tales also warn that those who are too timid or narrow-minded to risk them-selves must settle for humdrum existence.In the past, those who loved fairy tales were often subjected to the scorn of pedants. But today many of our children are deprived of the chance to know fairy stories at all. Most children now meet fairy tales, if they encounter them at all, only in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded entertainment.Throughout history, the intellectual life of children largely depended on mythical and religious stories, and on fairy tales. This traditional literature fed childrens imagination and stimulated their fantasies. At the same time, these stories were a major agent of the childs socialization. Children could learn social ideals from the material of myths, while fairy tales provide patterns of behavior modeled on these ideals. These were the images of the unconquered heroes, whose life history showed that it is not beneath the dignity of the strongest to clean the filthiest stable.1. The author cited Dickens in order to _.2. It is implied in the second paragraph that _.3. The author identified all of the following as benefits children derive from fairy tales EXCEPT _.4. According to the passage, todays children seldom experience fairy tales in the original because these literary forms are _.5. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.call attention to a person who began by writing fairy talesB.support the authors scorn for those who adapt fairy tales for films and televisionC.prove the formative influence of fairy tales on writersD.provide an example of one who understands the importance of fairy tales to children问题2选项A.most fairy tales are success storiesB.children learn their moral lesson from fairy talesC.most fairy tales are too difficult for children to comprehendD.children often identify themselves with the characters in fairy tales问题3选项A.expressing complex issues in language children can understandB.serving as introductions to complex questions by rewarding lifestylesC.teaching children the wisdom of facing risks to achieve more fulfilling livesD.improving a childs imagination through models of vivid imagery问题4选项A.no longer availableB.not understandable to childrenC.shortened to entertainingD.no relevant to the concerns of contemporary children问题5选项A.Many of todays children lack the important socializing influence of myths and fairy tales.B.Fairy tales provide models for human feelings and are therefore essential to the growth of children.C.The best way to tame a childs unconscious being is to allow him to experience fairy tales.D.The diminishing importance of the role of fairy tales in child development explains todays problems.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.作者意图题。文章开头提到“Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales. He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps children better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task.（查尔斯狄更斯，就像那个时代世界上数百万的孩子一样，为童话故事所陶醉。他承认童话故事中奇妙的人物和事件对孩子们的成长有着深刻的影响，在他们最困难、最重要、最令人满意的任务中，这些人物和事件比其他任何东西都更有帮助）”，由此可知查尔斯狄更斯是作者引用的一个用来说明童话故事对孩子们的重要性的一个例子，所以D选项“提供一个理解童话故事对孩子重要性的例子”符合题意。A选项“引起对一个开始写童话故事的人的注意”；B选项“支持作者对那些把童话故事改编成电影和电视的人的蔑视”；C选项“论证童话对作家的形成影响”都不如D选项更符合题意，因此D选项正确。2.判断推理题。第二段提到“These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to ones aid, and that one will succeed.（这些故事暗示，一个人即使身处逆境，也能过上美好而有意义的生活。他们承诺，如果一个人敢于进行可怕而费力的探索，仁慈的力量将会来帮助他，他就会成功。）”，由此可知童话故事大部分都是成功的故事，所以A选项“大多数童话故事都是成功的故事”符合题意。B选项“孩子们从童话中吸取道德教训”；C选项“大多数童话故事对孩子们来说太难理解了”以及D选项“孩子们常常认同童话里的人物”该段落都没有体现，因此A选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据第二段“These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity.（这些故事暗示，一个人即使身处逆境，也能过上美好而有意义的生活。）”可知B选项“通过奖励生活方式来介绍复杂的问题”正确；根据第一段最后一句“achieving a more mature consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.（获得更成熟的意识来驯服他们无意识的混乱压力。）”可知C选项“教孩子们面对风险的智慧，以实现更充实的生活”正确；根据最后一段“This traditional literature fed childrens imagination and stimulated their fantasies.（这种传统文学丰富了孩子们的想象力，激发了他们的幻想。）”可知D选项“通过生动形象的模型来提高孩子的想象力”正确，只有A选项“用孩子们能理解的语言表达复杂的问题”文章没有提及，因此该题应选A选项。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Most children now meet fairy tales, if they encounter them at all, only in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded entertainment.（大多数孩子现在看到的童话，如果他们能看到的话，也只是经过美化的版本，削弱了它们的意义，剥夺了它们所有更深层次的意义。人们可以在电影和电视上看到这样的版本，童话故事被驯服为空洞的娱乐消遣）”，由此可知现在的儿童很少体验到原始的童话故事是因为它们被削减美化成了娱乐消遣，所以C选项“削减为娱乐”符合题意。A选项“不再提供”；B选项“儿童不能理解”；D选项“与当代儿童的关注无关”。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章主要阐述童话故事对儿童成长的重要性。第一段以例子说明童话故事对儿童的深刻影响；第二段描写童话故事对儿童精神世界的影响；第三段主要分析了当今社会儿童很少体验到原始童话故事的问题；第四段主要说明了童话故事对儿童智力以及情感方面的影响。综上且结合全文，B选项“童话故事为人类情感提供了模型，因此对儿童的成长至关重要”最能表达文章的主旨。A选项“当今许多儿童缺乏神话和童话故事的重要社会影响”；C选项“驯服孩子潜意识的最好方法是让他体验童话故事”；D选项“童话在儿童发展中作用的重要性的下降解释了今天的问题”都不如B选项贴合文章大意，因此B选项正确。13. 单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to _ the mysterious murder.问题1选项A.come throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come through“经历；安然度过；获得成功”；B选项look into“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；C选项make over“转让；移交；修改”；D选项see to“注意；负责；照料”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。因此B选项正确。14. 翻译题residential area, leaves of black barrier, plaque, arch二大门二大门建于1909年，是清华大学的老校门。1933年，校园扩大，西区住宅区延伸，（同时）新校门修建（即现在的西校门）。梁实秋在清华大学读书的时候，这样描述它的老校门：清华大学的老校门由灰砖砌成，复以白漆，笼罩在淡淡的乳白色中，与总是半开着的两扇黑色棚栏相映衬。在拱形大门的横匾上刻着三个醒目的中国字“清华园”，为清朝末期一个叫作那同的达官所书写。大门在文化革命初期被损毁，直到1991年才重新修复。【答案】The Second Gate, built in 1909, is the old gate of Tsinghua University. In 1933, the campus was expanded, the West Side residential area was extended, and the new school gate (now the West Gate) was built.When Liang Shiqiu was a student at Tsinghua University, he described its old gate this way: The old gate of Tsinghua University was built of grey brick, clad in white paint, and enveloped in a pale milky white, set off by two leaves of black barrier that were always half open.On the horizontal plaque of the arched gate are three striking Chinese characters “Qing Hua Yuan”, written by an official named Natong in the late Qing Dynasty. The gate was damaged at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution and was not restored until 1991.15. 单选题Parties to a joint venture shall apply for arbitration _ the relevant written agreement.问题1选项A.in case ofB.in harmony withC.in accordance withD.in itself【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项in case of“万一；如果发生；假设”；B选项in harmony with“和谐；协调一致；协调；与相配”；C选项in accordance with“根据；按照；依照”；D选项in itself“以其本身而言，本质上”。句意：合营各方应根据有关书面协议申请仲裁。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题_ for many years, the novelist suddenly became famous.问题1选项A.Having ignored himB.To be ignoredC.Having been ignoredD.To have been ignored【答案】C【解析】考查分词作状语。题中的ignored和the novelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A选项Having ignored him；B选项To be ignored是不定式的被动式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；C选项Having been ignored现在分词的完成被动式表示动作的完成，与主语的关系是逻辑上的被动；D选项to have been done不能放句首。句意：被忽视了许多年后，这位小说家突然出名了。因此C选项正确。17. 单选题Her son didnt get paid very much, but mother and son managed to get _.问题1选项A.overB.offC.byD.down【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项get over“克服；恢复；熬过；原谅”；B选项get off“动身；免于受罚；从下来；脱下（衣服等）”；C选项get by“通过；（生活）过得去；过活；获得认可”；D选项get down“下来；吞下；使沮丧”。句意：她的儿子挣的钱不多，但母子俩设法使生活过得去。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题This week ten top designers will _ their autumn collections at the fashion fair.问题1选项A.enhanceB.lubricateC.hustleD.unveil【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；B选项lubricate“润滑；涂油；起润滑剂作用；使润滑；给加润滑油”；C选项hustle“推搡；强力将（某人往特定方向）赶；努力干；奋力前行；（粗暴地）取得；兜售；偷窃；拉客”；D选项unveil“使公之于众，揭开；揭幕；除去面纱；显露”。句意：本周，十位顶级设计师将在时装博览会上揭示他们的秋季作品集。因此D选项正确。19. 单选题A society is _ only when the humblest and weakest person can enjoy the highest civil, economic, and social rights that the pr