2022年高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4

2022年高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4一、阅读理解Many years ago，when we were a young couple with two small children，aged 2 and 4，we were practically impecunious.My inlaws lived from hand to mouth，so we didnt expect any help from them.My parents lived a great distance away，and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeepers，but it was constantly breaking down.It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed.The truck was also the only means of transportation for us.We lived in the countryside，and we always used the back door because the driveway led to it.One winter evening，I stepped outside to take a bag of trash to the barrel and almost tripped over something.It was nearly dark，and I had to bend down to see what it was.I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food.It was heavy，so I called my husband to carry it into the house.Once inside，we discovered two loaves of bread，some butter，several cans of vegetables，a can of orange sauce，and a large turkey.There was so much that I couldnt remember it all，but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinnereverything except potatoes.A little while later I remembered that I hadnt taken the trash to the barrel.By now it was dark，so I had to turn on the yard lightand thats when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch.That dinner was the best I could remember.We werent able to thank our donators，though，because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family.Whoever it was，we are forever grateful.1Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious”in Paragraph 1?AGenerous. BHarmonious.CPenniless. DStubborn.2How did the authors husband support the family?ABy starting a garage.BBy selling food door to door.CBy delivering goods.DBy working as a shop assistant.3How did the author feel when she saw the basket?AShe was annoyed.BShe was astonished.CShe was terrified.DShe felt a sense of relief.4What may be the best title for the text?AA helping hand in timeBA struggling young coupleCA tale of potatoesDA reward from a stranger【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。【难句分析】There was so much that I couldnt remember it all，but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinnereverything except potatoes.分析：该句由but连接的两个分句构成，其中第一个分句用了so.that.结构，表示“如此以至于”；第二个分句中we needed to fix a wonderful dinner为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。译文：有如此多的东西以至于我都记不全了，但除了土豆，我们准备一顿丰盛的晚餐所需要的东西都有了。1C考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句“My parents lived a great distance away，and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation”可知，“我”的父母住在很远的地方，“我”羞于让他们知道我们的处境；结合该段中的“when we were a young couple with two small children，aged 2 and 4，we were practically impecunious”可知，我们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，据此可以推知，我们的日子过得相当贫穷，才会羞于让远方的父母知道我们的情况。据此可以判断，画线词意为“贫穷的”，故C项正确。A项意为“慷慨的，大方的”，B项意为“和谐的，和睦的”，D项意为“固执的”，都与语境不符。2C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句的“My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生，故C项正确。3B考查细节理解。根据第三段最后两句“I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food”可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛；据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故B项正确。A项意为“她感到恼怒”，C项意为，“她感到害怕”，D项意为“她感到欣慰”，都与第三段最后两句的语境不符。4A考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故A项正确。二、单句语法填空1Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _(regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.答案：is regarded当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。2He was observed by officers _(drive) at 90 miles per hour.答案：drivingobserve在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。3Many times the person who hurt you does not intend _ (apologize)答案：to apologizeintend to do sth. “打算做某事”。4Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable _(achieve) for one so young.答案：achievementa remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。5With our teacher _(support) us, we feel quite encouraged.答案：supportingsupport “支持”前有With, 因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。6He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile _(buy) it.答案：buying/to buyIt is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。7The little boys bad _(behave) at the party made his parents upset.答案：behaviourbehaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。8Tolerance consists in _(respect) the opinions of others.答案：respecting句意：宽容在于尊重别人的观点。介词后应用动词ing形式。9puters have replaced televisions as our most popular form of _(entertain)答案：entertainment介词of后应为名词entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。10What I would like to do today is to advance an _(argue) and see what you make of it.答案：argument由an可知，应填argument名词“论点”。三、完形填空Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary.Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world _1_ upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n) _2_ man.It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the _3_ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of _4_ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an _5_ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, _6_ Marlows life work forever.The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him _7_ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an _8_ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, _9_ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans.Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non-profit organization that _10_ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through _11_ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good Is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a _12_ for others looking to make a positive _13_ in the world from right where they are.The book does more than _14_ people to do goodit puts the suggestion into action with every _15_. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to _16_ meals for children in our munities around the world,” Marlow explains. “Every book that is _17_ will provide five meals for children in one of our munities. In the first 30 days after the books _18_, we hit over 30，000 meals.”Help One Now is _19_ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew. “We encourage those interested in working with the _20_ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles,” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.”语篇解读：本文讲述一个叫 Chris Marlow 的人，在他的一次津巴布韦旅途过后，那里挨饿的孤儿的现状改变了他对世界的看法。于是他成立了一个组织，帮助那些没饭吃的孩子。1.A. economy B. map C. view D. tour【答案】C【解析】view 意为“看法”，符合语境，即一次旅行改变了他对世界的看法。2.A. astonished B. changed C. inspired D. confused【答案】B【解析】过去分词 changed 在本句中作定语，意为“改变了的”，即他回到家乡时成为一个完全改变了的人。3.A. atmosphere B. shape C. addition D. reality【答案】D【解析】句意：他在旅途中看到了极度贫困的事实状况。atmosphere(气氛)；shape(形状)；addition(增加)；reality(现实；事实)。根据语境可知选 D。4.A. starving B. crying C. struggling D. running【答案】A【解析】starving(挨饿的)；crying(哭着的)；struggling(努力的；挣扎的)；running(跑着的)。根据 children后面的“begging for food”可知，A 项符合语境，即面对着一群正在讨饭的挨饿的孩子。5.A. abolished B. acquired C. attached D. abandoned【答案】D【解析】abolished(废除的)；acquired(获得的)；attached(附加的)；abandoned(废弃的)。既然是睡在加油站，所以可以推断这一定是废弃了的加油站。故选 D。6.A. transformed B. transferred C. confirmed D. blocked【答案】A【解析】句意：一个孤儿改变了他的人生。transform 意为“改变”，符合语境。7.A. in return for B. in favour of C. in exchange for D. in search of【答案】C【解析】句意：那个孩子请求 Marlow 让他为他工作换饭吃。in return for(作为的回报)；in favour of(支持；赞同)；in exchange for(交换)；in search of(查找)。根据句意可知选 C。8.A. interruption B. interval C. interview D. interaction【答案】D【解析】根据上下文语境可知，他去那些孤儿那里的活动(interaction)让他终生难忘。9.A. convinced B. determined C. prepared D. satisfied【答案】B【解析】他下决心(determine)要找到办法养活那些挨饿的孩子们。10.A. reminds B. equips C. requires D. permits【答案】B【解析】equip 在这里意为“使具备；使有准备”，符合语境，即他成立的这个组织，使得普通人通过简单的行动，去帮助那些穷孩子，为他们提供食物等。11.A. brief B. graceful C. simple D. courageous【答案】C【解析】同上题，即通过简单的(simple)行动，帮助穷孩子。12.A. measure B. rule C. tool D. guide【答案】D【解析】句意：他出版的书作为那些想要对世界起到积极影响的人的指导用书(guide)。13.A. decision B. request C. difference D. ment【答案】C【解析】 同上题， 即想要对世界起到积极影响的人的指导用书。 make a difference 意为“有影响； 起作用”，符合语境。14.A. encourage B. entitle C. allow D. appoint【答案】A【解析】句意：这本书起到的作用还不只是鼓励(encourage)人们做好事。15.A. attempt B. purchase C. publication D. adoption【答案】B【解析】purchase 意为“购买”，符合语境，即每当有人购买这本书的时候。16.A. submit B. contribute C. pass D. provide【答案】D【解析】即他们用卖书的钱给孩子们提供(provide)食物。17.A. written B. sold C. read D. bought【答案】B【解析】每卖出(sold)一本书可以给孩子提供五顿饭。18.A. release B. recovery C. reservation D. registration【答案】A【解析】句意：在这本书发行(release)后的前 30 天，卖书赚的钱够提供 30, 000 顿饭的。19.A. eventually B. annually C. currently D. permanently【答案】C【解析】他成立的这个组织目前(currently)正在帮助海地灾区的受害者。20.A. organization B. munity C. corporation D. government【答案】A【解析】即指本段开头的 Help One Now 这个组织(organization)。四、单句改错1After his death, his children will certainly carry out his career._答案：outoncarry on “继续；坚持”。2It didnt occur to me he would refuse my invitation._答案：me后加thatIt didnt/doesnt occur to sb. that “某人没有想到”。3If you fail to delivery the goods according to the agreed time, you should be fined._答案：deliverydeliverfail to do sth. “没有做某事”，deliver the goods “送货”，delivery是名词。4You should refer this matter with our teacher for a decision._答案：withtorefer sth. to sb. “把某事交给某人(解决)”。5We fear that local students would look down at and bully our children._答案：aton/uponlook down on/upon “瞧不起；看不起”。五、七选五Youre growing up.That means youre probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And its good!Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But its partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings.Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. 4 When you feel your moods swinging or youre upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，youll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing.ATake a timeout.BBut the truth is，it happens to every teen.CWork out regularly to keep physically fit.DThis changing is needed for your bodys development.EIt will help you fall asleepand start the morning right.FHere are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.GUsually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如何应对成长过程中的一些变化。1B由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空处在这里起承上启下的作用，所以选B项。2D由空前一句可知，荷尔蒙的水平一直在不断地改变，忽高忽低；D项中的“This changing”与空前的“change”相对应，所以选D项。3F空前的“an emotional roller coaster”与F项中的“make the ride smoother”相对应，且由下文列举的几个要点可知，F项符合文意。4A由本段中的“一些安静的时间将使你集中精神，安静下来”可知，A项正确。5E空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”与E项中的“It”对应，空前的“when you wake up”与E项的“start the morning right”对应；空前的“when you go to bed”与E项的“fall asleep”对应。所以选E项。