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专题八语篇型填空挖命题【考情探究】考点考情分析考查方式2018.112018.62017.112017.62016.10语篇信息体裁说明文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文题材咖啡因对人们的影响外国人到中国不在家里做饭提高词汇量的方法在自家花园找到了十多年前丢失的戒指孩子意外地去参加父亲的演出名词词类转换11根据所给的相关提示词,写出相应的名词单复数等11111根据句意和上下文,判断所给名词用单数形式还是用复数形式代词词类转换111根据所给的相关提示词,写出合适的代词。主要是人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的相互转换其他1根据上下文的语境写出合适的代词冠词11在没有提示词的情况下,根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的定冠词、不定冠词介词、动词词组11121.无提示词,根据语境以及相关的名词或代词,填入一个合适的介词2.无提示词,根据相关的动词以及语境,填入合适的介词或副词,和前面的动词组成词组形容词、副词词类转换11211根据所给的同根词,填上合适的形容词或副词比较级等11根据所给的形容词或副词的原级,填上合适的比较级或最高级谓语动词22111根据语境,用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空,或填上合适的情态动词或助动词非谓语动词21223用所给动词的合适的非谓语动词形式填空续表考点考情分析考查方式2018.112018.62017.112017.62016.10并列句、复合句及其他21121以自由填空的形式,要求考生根据上下文,填上合适的连接词分析解读1.语篇型填空的考查方式是提供一篇200词左右的短文或对话,其中有10个空格,要求考生填入合适的单词。该设题语法知识点覆盖度广,可以涉及几乎所有的语法知识点,同时语法知识点和文章的句子结合,大大提高了语法的实用效果。2.文章的难度适中,符合高中学生的阅读水平。3.考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。给出提示词的包括:词性的转换、名词与动词的转换、名词和形容词的转换、形容词与副词的转换等);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词等。不给出提示词的包括:根据上下文的语境填入冠词、连词、代词等。4.挖空一般比较均匀,所要填空的地方不会影响学生对短文的理解。5.倒装、强调等特殊句式的考查一般结合在其他的语法项目中进行,很少单独直接考查。【真题典例】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese1(dish)is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners2come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap3can be to eat out. I still remember4(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years and I5(shock)when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to6(become)common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost. The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be7(afford)but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even8(high)cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in9(weigh)problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home10dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.第一段通过一个外国友人的事例提出话题:外国人来中国很少自己做饭。第二段分析了这种现象的弊端。第三段指出了改变这种现状的必要性和好处。解题思路1.dishes考查可数名词复数。句意:做中国菜被认为是特别麻烦的一件事。dish为可数名词,且前面无冠词,故此处要使用复数名词。2.who/that考查定语从句。come to China是定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,定语从句中缺少主语,且修饰的先行词表示“人”,所以要用关系代词who/that引导。3.it考查it用法。空格处是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to eat out。充当形式主语要用it。4.visiting考查非谓语动词。空格处应该是非谓语动词作宾语,根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”,应该用remember doing sth.,所以答案为visiting。5.was shocked考查动词的时态和语态。空格处是句子的谓语,根据语境和learnt可知时态为一般过去时,此处表示“感到震惊的”,故答案为was shocked。6.have become考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.好像/似乎做某事。根据语境和句子的时间状语in recent years可知,此处应该用不定式的完成式,表达动作已经完成,所以答案为have become。7.affordable考查形容词。空格处在句中作表语,表示主语的特征,要用afford的形容词形式,affordable 意为:负担得起的。8.higher考查形容词比较级。句意:这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康方面的代价。根据设空前的even和语境可知,此处表达比花钱更高的代价,应用high的比较级形式,故填higher。9.weight考查名词。空格处单词是修饰后面的名词的,weight problems体重问题。10.for考查介词用法。根据语境可知空格处表示“为了”。应该用介词for表示目的。过专题【五年高考】A组2018年全国高考题组Passage 1(2018浙江11月)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The Caffeine CatchCaffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably1(use)caffeine since childhood. Caffeine2(be)in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源)of caffeine for most children and even some adults.3(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.Small amounts of caffeinea cup4two of coffee a dayseem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee5the late afternoon or evening will cause6(they)to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem7(call)caffeinism. You get very nervous and you cant sleep.It is possible8caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷)in humans, too. One study showed that9(woman)who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely10(have)children with birth defects.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.have used/have been using2.was3.Recently4.or5.in6.them7.called8.that9.women10.to havePassage 2(2018课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years1(long)than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long2(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of3(die)early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it4(be)more effective at lengthening life5walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 20146showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all7(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to8(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always9(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give10a try.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.longer2.to see3.dying4.is5.than6.that/which7.causes8.strengthen9.energetic10.it/runningPassage 3(2018课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country1(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over2past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is3(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice4(improve)water quality. Corn uses less water5rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased6(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total7(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government8(start)a soil-testing program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while10(feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.has grown2.the3.actually4.to improve5.than6.pollution7.global8.started9.that/which10.feedingPassage 4(2018课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure1is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at2top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the3(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid4(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel5(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a6(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching7these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find8(they)alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal9(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered, he allowed me10(stay)and watch.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.who2.the3.loudest4.looking5.challenged6.scientist7.for8.them9.meant10.to stayB组20142017年全国高考题组Passage 1(2017浙江6月)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1(carrot)and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2(shine)object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4(I),” says Pahlsson.Sixteen years 5(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6(cook)a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughtersthen ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 7(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10wonder.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.carrots2.shiny/shining3.so4.myself5.earlier6.to cook7.searched8.swept9.where10.aPassage 2(2017课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side2(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required3(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As5result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even6(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food7(be)full of fat and salt;by8(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be9(care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,10is not good for the health.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.as2.effects3.to process4.are removed5.a6.worse7.is8.eating9.careful10.whichPassage 3(2017课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 6(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.Later, engineers 8(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.crowds2.from3.laying4.the5.were used6.fairly7.it8.managed9.introduction10.successfulPassage 4(2017课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1(rest). Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as 2 model in New York.Sarah 3(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6(educate).She has turned down several 7(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9(come)first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.resting2.a3.has been told/was told4.who5.to prove6.education7.invitations8.ines10.certainlyPassage 5(2016浙江10月)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Magic TouchFrom my hotel room window,I could see a large advertisement board with his face on it:Jason, the Great Magician.I absent-mindedly turned the1(page)of the phone book and came across a city map. Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets 2 the hotel to the opera hall. Not more3a half-hour walk, I thought.I looked4(quick)at the clock. The show starts in one hour; plenty of time!I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower. Soon after, I was on my way to the show,5(carry)a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about6(begin). I made my way backstage just7 the great magician was putting on his top hat. “Daddy, Im so glad to see you,” I8(whisper). “Im in town for the writers class, but I just couldnt miss your show.” I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area,leaving him with a9(surprise)smile. I settled down in the darkness, and the curtains opened.Magically, that show remains the Great Jasons best10(perform)to this day.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.pages2.from3.than4.quickly5.carrying6.to begin7.when/as8.whispered9.surprised10.performancePassage 6(2016课标全国)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top1(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I2(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be3(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,5I was the first Western TV reporter6(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include7(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by8(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few9(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,10other is with mumshe never suspects.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.attraction2.was allowed3.officially4.to5.when6.permitted7.introducing8.its9.days10.thePassage 7(2016课标全国)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of1(great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of2(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow3(be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused4our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So,get an early start and try to be as productive5possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent6(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks7(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for8while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely9(bring)your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is,10(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.greater2.achievement3.is4.on5.as6.studies7.regularly8.a9.to bring10.makePassage 8(2016课标全国)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea,1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might2(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal3(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which6(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8(develop)of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and9(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat10their hands.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.and2.be made3.to create4.using5.as/when6.gradually7.who8.development9.were10.withPassage 9(2016四川)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The giant panda1(love)by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists2(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very3(care)mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something4(eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural5(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6it cried, she rocked it back and fo
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