考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考前自测提分卷33(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题Like waistlines in many prosperous countries, cell phones are going XXL and some of their owners are struggling to tuck them in.Jeremy Roche, 47 years old, owns a Samsung Galaxy Note II phone that is about 75% larger than the original Apple Inc. iPhone, and roughly the size and heft of an extra-large Hersheys chocolate bar, with about an inch nibbled off the end. It “did feel weird” at first to hold his big phone to his head for calls, he says, but now he loves his ample screen.After years of evolution from brick-size monstrosities into slim pocket devices, cell phones are going in reverse. South Koreas Samsung Electronics Co. is credited or blamed 一 with bringing big phones back into the mainstream with devices like the original 5.3-inch Note, introduced outside the U.S. in late 2011.Some tech reviewers at the time derided the big phone as “silly”，and “a phone designed for giants.” But sales boomed, and other makers have followed with still-bigger “phablets”, as techiesarc beginning to call thema cross between a phone and a tablet.Fares Fay ad, a 39-year-old consultant in Dubai, says he used to think a 3.5-inch cell phone screen was just right, until he tried the iPhone 5, which has a 4-inch screen. “I dont believe I can go back to the slightly smaller screen,” Mr. Fay ad says,Some ergonomics experts worry lame phones could pose an injury risk. “As the stretch to reach all areas of the screen increases, we might start to see more serious repetitive stress injuries - likely to the thumbs - in larger touch-screen devices”, says Anthony Andre, a professor of human factors and ergonomics at San Jose State University.【答案】就像许多富裕国家居民的腰围一样，如今手机的尺寸也在逐渐增大，一些手机用户在费尽心思想把它们塞进自己的兜里。在经历了多年来从砖头般的庞然大物向小巧口袋设备的演变后，如今手机又踏上了回头路。有的科技评论家当时曾讥讽这款巨型手机“傻傻的”、“专为巨人设计”。但巨型手机的销量却实现了激增，其他手机生产商也纷纷跟风推出了越来越大的、 科技专家开始称之为“平板手机”的产品-手机和平板电脑的跨界组合。人类工程学的一些专家担心巨型手机可能会带来损伤的风险。由于触控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我们可能会开始看到越来越多由大型触屏电子设备引发的严重累积性 -创伤失调，例如对拇指的损害。2.单选题（ ） in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.问题1选项A.Judged the bestB.Judging the bestC.To be judged the bestD.Having judged the best【答案】A【解析】语法题。动词judge和句子主语the three students是逻辑动宾关系，后面有完整的主谓宾，所以使用表示被动意义的过去分词。排除B，D选项。由于judge表示的动作在主句动词award之前，因此可以排除选项C，所以A选项正确。3.翻译题The numbers keep rising, the superlatives keep glowing. Each year, selective colleges promote their application totals, along with the virtues of their applicants.For this fairs freshman class, the statistics reached remarkable levels.Stanford received a record 32,022 applications from students it called simply amazing” and accepted 7 percent of them. Brown saw an unprecedented 30,135 applicants, who left the admissions staff deeply impressed and at times awed. Nine percent were admitted.The biggest boast came from the University of California, Los Angeles. In a news release, UCLA said its accepted students had demonstrated excellence in all aspects of their lives. Citing its record 57,670 applications, the university proclaimed itself the most popular campus in the nation.”Such announcements tell a story in which colleges get betterand students get more amazing-every year.In reality, the narrative is far more complex, and the implications far less sunny for students as well as colleges caught up in the cruel cycle of selectivityTo Some degree, the increases are inevitable: the college-bound population grown, and so, too, has the number of applications students file, thanks in part to online technology.But wherever it is raining applications, colleges have helped seed the clouds by recruiting widely and aggressively for ever more applicants.Admissions officers are chasing not so much a more perfect student as a more perfect class. In a given year, this elusive ideal might require more violinists, goalies, aspiring engineers or students who can pay the full cost of attendance Colleges everywhere want more minority students, more out-of-state students and more students from overseas.The pursuit reveals the duality of the modem college: its a place that serves the public interest and a business with a bottom line.Although the tension between mission and marketing has long defined admissions, many believe the balance has tilted too far toward the latter. Many colleges have made applying as simple as updating a Facebook page. Some deans and guidance counselors complain that its too easy. They question the ethics of intense recruitment by colleges that reject the overwhelming majority of applicants.Its like needing a new stereo and buying the whole Radio Shack, says Mark Speer, director of college counseling at the Columbia Grammar and Preparatory School in New York. With these bigger pools, colleges are getting a lot of students who have no chance.Fred Hargadon, former dean of admissions at Princeton and Stanford, doubts that more and more applicants make for a stronger class, “I couldnt pick a better class out of 30000 applicants than out of 15.000 he says,Id just end up rejecting multiples of the same kid.”【答案】斯坦福大学收到了创纪录的32,022份来自学生的申请，斯坦福称这些申请“简直太棒了”，并接受了其中7%的申请。在现实中，故事要复杂得多，对于陷入残酷的选择性循环的学生和大学来说，其含义也远没有那么光明但是，只要有大量的申请，大学就会通过广泛而积极地招收更多的申请者，为申请埋下伏笔。这种追求揭示了现代大学的两面性:它是一个为公众利益服务的地方也是一个有底线的企业。“在3万名申请者中，我找不到比15.000名更好的了,”他说道，我只是最终拒绝同样的孩子。4.翻译题刺绣(Embroidery),又称丝绣，是中国优秀的民族传统工艺之一，有3000年以上 的历史。中国是世界上发现与使用蚕丝最早的国家，其刺绣工艺几乎遍及全国。由于刺绣主题和产地的不同，刺绣工艺品作为一种商品形成了各自的特色。苏州的苏绣、 湖南的湘绣、四川的蜀绣和广东的粵绣被誉为中国的四大名绣。这些刺绣既是很好的家居实用品，也是漂亮的装饰品。【答案】Embroidery, also called silk embroidery, is one of the best national traditional crafts in China. It has a history of over 3000 years. China is the earliest country in the world which discover and make use of silk, and its embroidery crafts almost spread all over the country. Because of the different embroidery themes and places of production, embroidery handicrafts, as a commodity, form their own features. Su Embroidery in Suzhou, Xiang Embroidery in Hunan, Shu Embroidery in Sichuan and Yue Embroidery in Guangdong are known as four big famous embroideries in China. These embroideries are both good household objects and beautiful decorations.5.单选题It shows how economic and social and, above all, political changes have played their part, so that, correctly（ ）, the postage stamp in which millions of people, young and old, find pleasure, knowledge and even profit, has always been a faithful mirror of the times.问题1选项A.interpretingB.interpretedC.to be interpretedD.being interpreted【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词的考查。分析句子意思它表明了经济的和社会的，最重要的是，政治的变革是如何发挥它们的 作用的，因此，如果正确来讲，成百万的人们，不管年轻年老，都能从邮票中找到快乐、知识甚至是利益，这一直都是最忠实反映时代的一面镜子可知，此处为非谓语动词，且主语和动词 interpret之间为被动关系，因此应用被动语态，且应用一般时态，而不是表将来的不定式或正在进行的being interpreted，B选项正确。6.单选题The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous record-keepers, and because of this, can claim humanitys longest continuous （ ）of natural events.问题1选项A.defianceB.documentationC.maintenanceD.domination【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。A选项 “挑衅，蔑视”； B选项 “文件编制，文档”； C选项 “维持，保养”； D选项 “支配，统治”；根据句意继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者，并且基于这一原因，中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。确定B选项正确。7.单选题In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americas interpret lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did.People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americas, especially from the South, observe this custom, too. A masters thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite, when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time.Many African Americas communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening, they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant differences, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of eye contact have brought about social conflicts of two different kinds in many urban centers; non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation taking place between some Asians and African Americas in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In one high school, it resulted in a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians intentions and the fight began.Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or disses that person. Much like the archaic phrase I demand satisfaction”，which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter. At the entrances to Universal Studios City Walk attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring.1.Many African Americans from the South（ ）.2.When listening to the others, white communicators tend to（ ）.3.Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because（ ）.4.Mad-dogging refers to（ ）.5.The archaic phrase, I demand satisfaction （ ）.问题1选项A.adopt a typically American open style of communicationB.often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC.avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD.are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others问题2选项A.look at the speaker all the timeB.glance at the speaker periodicallyC.look away from the speakerD.stare at the speaker问题3选项A.Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB.they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepersC.there are some social conflicts in many urban centersD.they are not informed about difference between cultures问题4选项A.the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centersB.physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC.a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD.a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic background问题5选项A.was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB.often led to a fightC.was a sign of disrespectD.often resulted in some kind of misinterpretation【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问许多非洲裔美国人来自南方。由第二段中第一句 “People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americas, especially from the South, observe this custom, too.很多亚洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通过避开眼神来表示尊敬。很多非裔美国人，尤其是来自南部的那些人，也遵守这个风俗。”确定C选项“避开眼神接触作为尊敬的表示”正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问当听到别人说话时，白人交流者倾向于。由第三段第二句“They do the opposite, when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time. 他们做的正好相反，当他们在听的时候，他们总是要看着说话的人。”确定A选项“一直看着讲话者”正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问许多美国城市的顾客对韩国店主感到愤怒，因为。由第五段中第二句 “non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly.当韩国人店主没有直视他们时，非韩国顾客会变得生气。”确定A选项 “韩国人店主没有直视他们”正确。4.细节事实题。题干询问Mad-dogging指的是。由倒数第四段第二句Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict. 尤其是在城市中心，当一个青少年直视另一个青少年时，这被认为是一种挑衅，有时被称为“疯狂跟踪”，并可能导致身体冲突。”确定D选项“一个青少年对另外一位来自不同文化背景的青少年的一种挑衅”正确。5.推理判断题。题干询问古老的短语“我要求满足”。由倒数第二段第三句 “Much like the archaic phrase I demand satisfaction, which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter. 就像古老的短语“我要求满足”(I demand satisfaction)成为决斗的序曲一样，冷眼盯着可能成为身体接触的前奏。”确定B选项“经常导致打架”正确。8.单选题The reception given to Kimuras radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when（ ）fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention问题1选项A.imitationB.reactionC.dogmatismD.invention【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意对于Kimura激进的分子演化理论的介绍表明了当创新和正统斗争到一个结论，创新就从传统中得到了大块的空间。通过观察分析题目的结构可知orthodoxy对应的是题目最后一部分中的convention,都是表示“传统”，而空白处对应的是题目最后一部分中的 novelty,都表示“创新”，四个选项中只有选项invention能表示“创新”，所以D选项正确。9.单选题It is the high humidity that makes London winters so chilly,（ ）.问题1选项A.not the low temperaturesB.not lowness of temperaturesC.since low temperatures are not as presentD.not that its temperatures are being low【答案】A【解析】语法题。这是个强调句，题目强调的是high humidity，并且需填入的部分与the high humidity是并列成分，根据句意使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温确定A选项正确。10.单选题Shes cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years old-entering any meat-market bar, a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen changes into a state of superheated, crystallized beauty. “You can see it. Its just so extraordinary,” says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation.The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more amazing because the changes wrought by Johnstons software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-science field, a “hyper-female. The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find “feminized” versions of averaged faces more beautiful.Johnston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the world, researchers are marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the underpinnings of human attractiveness.The research results so far are surprising and humbling. Numerous studies indicate that human beauty may not be simply in the eye of the beholder or an arbitrary cultural artifact. It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers. If beauty is not truth, it may be health and fertility: Halle Berrys flawless skin may fascinate moviegoers because, at some deep level, it persuades us that she is parasite-free.Human attractiveness research is a relatively young and certainly contentious fieldthe allure of hyper-females, for example, is still hotly debated but those on its front lines agree on one point: We wont conquer “looks-ism” until we understand its source. As psychologist Nancy Etcoff puts it: “The idea that beauty is unimportant or a cultural construct is the real beauty myth. We have to understand beauty, or we will always been enslaved by it.”1.The woman described in the very beginning of the text is（ ）.2.Victor Johnston synthesized a new face by combining the features of 16（ ）.3.Though a few tiny changes made by Johnston, the synthesized face became even more（ ）.4.Victor Johnston has produced such an attractive face in order to（ ）.5.Paragraph 4 suggests that human beauty may be（ ）.问题1选项A.in fact in her late twentiesB.Johnstons ideal girlfriendC.a stunning beautyD.is a professional prostitute问题2选项A.beautiful European womenB.casually chosen white womenC.different women around the worldD.ordinary western women问题3选项A.masculineB.averageC.feminineD.neutral问题4选项A.give his computer a beautiful screenB.study the myth of human attractivenessC.prove the human capacity to create beautiesD.understand why Caucasian faces are special问题5选项A.culturally differentB.a disease-free idolC.dependent on individualD.a value agreed by the world【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段中第一句 “a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze.有幸拥有这样一副姣好面容的女子，其回头率 一定会是百分百的。”可知C选项“一个绝色美女”正确；而A选项“实际上己经快30岁了”、B选项“约翰斯顿理想的女朋友”及D选项“是一位职业妓女”文中都未提到，排除。2.细节事实题。题干意思是维克多约翰斯顿合成了一张新面孔，结合了16岁.特征。由第二段中第二句 “by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces通过数字地平均16个任意选择的女性白种人的面容”确定B选项“随便选择的白人女性”正确。3.细节事实题。题干意思是尽管约翰斯顿做了一些微小的改变，合成的脸变得更加。由第二段中第三句 “The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-science field, a “hyper-female.然后，计算机程序对女性面孔不同于男性面孔的地方进行夸张处理，从而在人类美容科学的领域中创造了一个超女性”可知C选项“女性的” 正确。A选项“男性的”、B选项“平均的”和D选项“中立的”均不符合文意。4.推理判断题。题干意思是维克多约翰斯顿制造出这样一张迷人的脸是为了由第三段中第一句 “Johnston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. 约翰斯顿将此做成了一部电影短片，这是他正在进行研究的一部分：我们为什么觉得一些人长相漂亮，二另一些人则相貌平平呢？ ”可知B选项“研究人类魅力的神话”正确。5.推理判断题。题干意思是第4段指出，人类的美可能是由第四段中最后一句 “It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers.它（即人类的美）可能是历史久远且普遍存在的，由千百年的进化演变而来，成者为王，败者为寇”确定D项“一个世界同意的价值”正确。