考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考前自测提分卷56(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题Translate the following text into English.在今天的中国，平均每天有24万人成为互联网的新用户，平均每400个中国人就拥有一个网站。按照目前的发展速度，再过两年，中国的互联网使用者将超过5亿，互联网的普及率将从目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。对于一个发展中国家而言，互联网能够如此快速普及是一大奇迹。中国人民从互联网受益匪浅。在中国，互联网正广泛应用于电子政务、电子商务、公共教育、新闻传播等各个领域。电子商务在中国快速发展，中国电子商务交易总额在过去5年保持45%以上的年均增长速度，2008年超过4600亿美元。【答案】In China today, on average, 240,000 people per day become new users of the Internet and every 400 Chinese possess one website. At the current rate of development, China will have more than 500 million Internet users and the Internet penetration rate will rise from the current 25.5% to 38.5% in two years. For a developing country, the rapid popularization of the Internet is a miracle. Chinese people have benefited a lot from the Internet. In China, the Internet is being widely used in various fields such as e-government, e-business, public education, journalism and communication and so on. In China, E-commerce is developing rapidly .The total value of e-commerce transactions in China has maintained an average annual growth rate of more than 45% over the past five years, exceeding $460 billion in 2008.2.单选题That was not the first time he（ ）us. I think its high time we（ ）strong actions against him.问题1选项A.betrayedtakeB.had betrayedtookC.has betrayedtookD.has betrayedtake【答案】B【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/second/third.、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如：It is one of the most interesting books Ive ever read(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。)，因为that was not句子是过去时，这里应该用过去完成时：had betrayed。Its (high) time（是做的时候了），后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形，表示虚拟语气，所以这里要用took。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了，是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。3.单选题Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,（ ）of course, made the others jealous.问题1选项A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构：从句与主句之间有逗号隔开，独立存在，去掉了也不会影响整个句子的意思，所以这里用的是非限定定语从句。句意：海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好，当然这使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代海伦对她最小的孩子比别的孩子好这个事情，所以本题的正确选项是B选项。4.单选题Laboratory tests gave conclusive（ ）that the meat presents no risk to human health.问题1选项A.possibilityB.newsC.proofD.fact【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项possibility“可能性，可能的事”；B选项news“新闻，信息”；C选项proof“证明，证据”；D选项fact“事实，实际”，句意：实验室测试提供了确凿的证据，证明这种肉类对人体健康没有危险。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。5.单选题Rumours are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into（ ）ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；C选项vulnerable“易受攻击的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，它散布恐怖情绪，损害声誉，把稳定的局面搅得混乱不堪。所选形容词应与句中calm相对应，所以本题A选项符合句意。6.翻译题Translate the following text into English.挑战未知是人类诞生之初就具备的本能，而探索外太空则是好奇心和求知欲在现代的延伸。人类和动物最本质的区别在于不断地探求未知，其终极目的就是要回答“我从哪来？我到哪去？”。这样的问题，在现实世界找不到答案，人们便将追问的目光投向浩瀚的外太空。正是这些追问，成为人类探索宇宙的动力。此外，太空探索还激发了全人类的科学精神。【答案】Challenging the unknown has been a human instinct since we were born, and exploring outer space is extension of curiosity and aspiration to knowledge in modern times. The most essential difference between human beings and animals is the constant search for the unknown, whose ultimate goal is to answer the question “Where do I come from? Where am I going?” It is impossible to find the answer of such questions in the real world, therefore, people will transfer their attention to the vast outer space. It is these questions that have become the driving force for human exploration of the universe. In addition, space exploration has inspired the scientific spirit of all mankind.7.单选题Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short-term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial servicescommercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governmentsto do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of the financial system vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price (that is, rate of interest) for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.1. The first paragraph is mainly about（ ）.2. According to this passage, the money market（ ）.3. Which of the following statements concerning money market is NOT TRUE according to this passage?4. The author uses the example of middlemen to show（ ）.5. According to this passage,（ ）.问题1选项A.the definition of money marketB.the constitution of a money marketC.the basic functions of a money marketD.the general feature of a money market问题2选项A.provides convenient services to its customersB.has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking fundsC.maintains accounts with various retailers of financial servicesD.is made up of institutions which specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions问题3选项A.Money market does not exist in planned economies.B.Money market has been established in some socialist countries.C.Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.D.Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.问题4选项A.market transactions are important in different countriesB.dealers are needed in doing businessC.middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.D.middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.问题5选项A.brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customersB.brokers have little contact with each otherC.open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given momentD.changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market tends to maintain a money market【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：第一段主要是关于_。可以定位到第一段，不难发现，第一段的主要是在描述金融市场的定义The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short-term credit.（金融市场就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的公共机构或组织。）以及金融市场的目的和作用It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services（其设立的目的是为了帮助金融机构），所以C选项“金融市场的基本功能”正确。A选项“金融市场的定义”不够全面，B选项“金融市场的章程”和D选项“金融市场的一般特征”在第一段中均未提及，排除，所以本题的正确答案是C选项。2.推理判断题。题干：根据文章，金融市场_。通过第一段第二行的后半句话可知The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short-term credit.（金融市场就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的公共机构或组织。），该句的意思与D项“是由专门处理批发货币交易的机构组成的”符合，故D选项正确。A选项“为客户提供方便的服务”通过第一段第四句If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers（如果零售商要为他的客户提供充足的服务。），可知，为客户提供服务的应该是零售商，所以A选项不正确，B选项“与寻求资金的个人或公司有密切联系”，通过最后一段第一句话In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers.（在市场交易中，提供资金和寻求资金者之间依靠经纪人或经销商这些中间人来进行交易。），所以B选项不正确，C选项“在不同的金融服务零售商保持账户”，由第一段倒数第二句话可知，金融市场是为了帮助金融机构的零售商们做好他们的工作，和C选项表达意思不符合，所以C选项不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.推理判断题。题干：根据文章可知，以下那个关于金融市场的描述不正确？根据第二段第三行Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses.（金融市场存在于那些利用市场而不是计划来分配资源的国家里。），我们可以知道，货币市场不仅仅存在于社会主义国家，所以B选项“金融市场在一些社会主义国家已经建立了”是错误的。A选项“计划经济中不存在金融市场”，与第二段的第一句话“金融市场最基本的功能必须以现代经济形式来体现，甚至是高度计划或社会主义，但社会主义国家不一定都要采取市场形式。”对应，所以排除A选项，C选项“金融市场鼓励大宗资金供应商之间的公开竞争”与第二段的最后一句话“货币市场的特点是，它依赖于在任何特定时间内，大量资金提供者之间的公开竞争”对应，所以排除C选项，D选项“金融市场依靠市场程序将资金分配给最终用户”，与文章第一段中提到，“金融市场就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的公共机构或组织，在多样经济背景下在零售层面中将产品分配给最终的用户需要建立很多便利设施”对应，所以排除D选项。综上所述，本题应该选B选项。4.推理判断题。题干：作者利用中间商的例子来说明_。三段中，对这些middleman的作用进行了阐述，从中我们可以看到他们在不同的国家都起到了重要的作用，所以C选项“中间商在不同的交易和不同的国家都能发挥很大的作用”正确，A选项“市场交易在不同的国家都很重要”和D选项“在不同的国家中间商在商界有着不同的举措”，在文中均有提及，但是并不是作者的目的。B选项“做生意需要经销商”文章都在说明金融市场的功能和重要性，所以这里应该是，做生意需要金融市场而不是经销商。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。5.推理判断题。题干：根据文章，_。第二段的第三句话中，我们可以知道货币市场的一个分配特征就是依靠资金提供方和需求方各内部之间的竞争，所以可以得出C项“公开竞争往往会导致类似交易在任何给定时刻的共同价格”的结论。A“经纪人通常为他们的客户提供同样的服务”，通过文章第三段第二句话“这些中间人的特点，他们提供的服务，他们同其他金融之间的关系每个国家都不同”，可知A选项不正确，B项“经纪人之间几乎没有联系”，通过文章第三段第三句话“大多数国家中所有参与者之间的联系都是公开进行”可知B选项不符合文中的题意。D项“可用资金供应对市场压力的变化倾向于维持货币市场”货币市场的浮动并不只是取决于资金提供方，还有市场的需要的因素，所以排除D选项。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。8.单选题We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Whos responsible? Actually, its more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with itFacebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.Theres been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever beforethere are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos, in the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenbergs invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.1. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?2.The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT（ ）.3. Which of the following can be best to describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?4. According to the passage,people need knowledge of modern technology and（ ）to survive in the fast-changing society.5. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.Paragraph OneB.Paragraph TwoC.Paragraph ThreeD.Paragraph Four问题2选项A.multimodal contentB.environmental friendlinessC.convenience for readersD.imaginative design问题3选项A.IronicB.WorriedC.SarcasticD.Doubtful问题4选项A.good judgmentB.high sensitivityC.good imaginationD.the ability to focus问题5选项A.Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writingB.Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experienceC.Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional readingD.Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.段落大意题。题干：哪一个段落简要回顾了阅读的历史挑战？根据题干关键词historical challenges for reading定位至第二段第1-2句Theres been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world.（很长一段时间以来，一直有关于文化文明即将灭亡的警告。在20世纪，首先是电影，然后是广播，然后是电视，似乎预示着文字世界的毁灭。），第一句话表明本段将会回顾阅读在以前的历史时期经历过的挑战，第二句话就说明了曾经有来自于哪几方面的挑战，所以B选项“第二段”，是本题的正确答案；文章第一段讲的是当今阅读面临衰退的危机及原因；第三段讲我们其实无需对现代科技发展过虑；第四段的中心是现代科技带给阅读的好处，所以都应排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：以下都被认为是电子书的优点，除了_。由题干定位到文章第三段最后一句话Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.（像Kindle这样的阅读设备比传统的纸质书更方便，也更环保），所以B选项“环境友好”和C选项“方便读者”，符合题意；第四段第三句指出an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links : to texts, pictures, and videos（电子书可以为读者提供无限数量的链接:文本、图片和视频），可见电子图书的内容丰富形式多样，A选项“多模式的内容”是对该句中提及优势的概括，所以A选项也符合题意；第四段的第二句话Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before.（互联性使阅读经验成为可能，这是以前几乎无法想象的。），是说阅读经历是从前无法想象的，而不是电子图书的设计具有想象力，故D选项“富有想象力的设计”，属于曲解文章意思。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.推理判断题。题干：以下哪个选项能最好地描述作者对单句小说的感觉？由题干的关键词“single-sentence-long”定位至第五段。该段首句作者就指出there is the danger of trivialization（有一个风险是阅读的浅薄化），并在该段最后一句中指出There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention spanthat we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.（目前存在的危险是：互联网的高速连接会减少我们注意力的持续时间，结果是我们不能够阅读长篇论著，或是阅读需要高度集中注意力的书籍。），这些均表明了作者的担心，故B选项“担心的”，符合题意；A选项“讽刺的”，C选项“挖苦的”和D选项“怀疑的”，根据文义，作者并无讽刺，怀疑的意思，排除A、C、D选项。综上所述，本题正确答案是B选项。4.事实细节题。题干：根据文章，人们需要现代技术和_的知识来在快速变化的社会中生存。根据题干定位到文章第六段最后一句话Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.（我们的社会需要能够想象出这样一种可能性：一个人与现代技术完全合拍，但又能够理解一个动态的、令人困惑的世界。），可知knowledge of modern technology对应in tune with modern technology，而 make sense of a dynamic，confusing world则对应A选项“良好的判断力”，故A选项为答案。B选项“高度敏感性”，C选项“丰富的想象力”和D选项“集中注意力的能力”与原句中make sense of的意思相距甚远，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案是A选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：文章的主题思想是？本文开篇提到了互联网的出现对阅读造成的影响。之后回顾了过去科技的发展曾经对阅读构成的威胁，接着讲到阅读的新趋势和方式。第五段说明科技的发展对阅读所造成的具体影响。第六段提到现实世界中需要什么样的人既适应现代技术的发展,又理解现在的变化。末段提到阅读本身也曾经是个挑战，引发人们思考如何应对现代科技对阅读构成的威胁。虽然文章没有明确提出中心思想，首段还提到互联网造成了阅读人数的下降，但随后各部分内容并没有对科技发展做出否定，而是为人们指明了正确的方向和途径，尤其末段说明了事物的两面性，C选项“技术对于传统阅读来说既是机遇，也是挑战”，很好地概括了文章的主旨大意，故为正确答案。由第三段第二句The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing.（过去二十年的电子和数字革命可以说为阅读和写作指明了前进的道路。），可知A选项“科技推动了阅读和写作的发展”是该段内容，而非全文中心意思，故排除；B选项“互联性是新阅读体验的特征”是对第四段第二句的解释，属于细节内容，故排除；D选项“科技提供了更多种类的阅读实践”是对第四段第三句的概括，与主旨无关，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案是C选项。9.单选题There are only ten apples left in the baskets,（ ）the spoilt ones.问题1选项A.not countingB.not to countC.dont countD.having not counted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。由于句子前后没有连词连接，因此该处填入的动词要用非谓语形式。此处要选择现在分词形式做伴随状语，其否定形式是在前面加上not即可。句意：篮子里只有10个苹果,没算上坏掉的。因此，本题的正确选项是A选项。10.单选题There seemed little hope that the explorer,（ ）by his guide, would find his way through the jungle.问题1选项A.having been desertedB.having desertedC.to have been desertedD.to be deserted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项having desert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项to have been deserted 和D选项to be deserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项having been deserted相当于who had been deserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。