考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考前自测提分卷61(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Americans love a juicy story. We want intimate details, and the media is happy to comply, but we forget that peoples lives are at stake. A crime is not a form of entertainment from which to derive perverse pleasure. It is the failure of a person to live up to his or her obligations as a law-abiding citizen, and tile media should report it as such.Recently, several major crimes have been sensationalized. As far as the media is concerned, the more gruesome the crime, the better. Take the Menedez brothers case or the trial of the policemen who beat Rodney King. If a famous person is accused, members of the press appear to smack their lips and writing their hands in anticipation. Insert sex or race, as in the O. J. Simpson murder trial, and the journalists oddest dreams come true. But such exploitation is not harmless entertainment. It tears at the core of the American Judicial system a fair trial by an impartial jury. A juror is supposed to be objective and has no preconceived opinion about the guilt or innocence of the accused: however, the medias bombarding the public with information about a crime true or otherwise makes finding twelve people who have no opinion about it nearly impossible.In the Menendez case, for example, two brothers were accused of murdering their parents. Initially, this case received media attention because the victims children were accused of the murders; however, when the brothers claimed they killed their parents because they had been molested by them, the press really went wild. For months before the trial, every paper and news program contained something about the crime. Only then was the jury selected. Thus, even though no proof was ever found to support the brothers allegations of molestation, their trials ended in hung juries.The Rodney King incident gained national attention when a videotape of the racially motivated beating was shown on television. In the beginning, the facts about the incident were reported, but as time went on information on Rodney Kings personal life was publicized, Mr. King was portrayed as a sleazy ex-convict from the ghetto who deserved what happened to him because he had resisted arrest. In reality, Rodney King was the victim in this crime, and his personal life had not had to do with his being so severely beaten. However, the press chose to make his personal life an issue. As result, at the end of the first trial, the police officers, who had been caught on videotape kicking and punching Mr. King and against whom a fellow police officer had testified, were set free.Today, the big story is the O. J. Simpson murder trial, which has been splashed across newspapers and televisions all over the world. The media has made it nearly impossible to select an impartial jury because of its lack of responsibility in reporting the case. For example, early in the investigation, the press reported that a sock soaked with Nicole Simpsons blood had been found in O. J.s bedroom. The judge, defense, and prosecution all denied that any such evidence existed. At first, the media stood by the story. Two days later, they retracted it but without the fanfare that had accompanied the first report.1.If a public figure is accused, what would happen?2.The sentence “peoples lives are at stake” (paragraph 1) might mean（ ）.3.The Rodney King example is used to show that（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（ ）.5.The authors tone in writing this article is（ ）.问题1选项A.The media would side with him or her.B.The press would try to influence the jurys judgment.C.Journalists would be overjoyed to have something to build their stories on.D.Sex and race would be inserted in the newspaper report.问题2选项A.peoples lives are involvedB.peoples lives will be greatly affectedC.people will have to stake their own livesD.peoples lives will be risked问题3选项A.ones past will sooner or later catch up with himB.racial prejudice is still deeply rooted in peoples mindC.public opinion may be easily affected by biased reportD.the accused has no privacy at all问题4选项A.the press might have implied that O.J. Simpson committed murderB.the media was forced to silence in the Simpson murder trialC.the judge defense and prosecution have taken bribeD.the press was afraid of being accused of slander问题5选项A.informativeB.criticalC.retrospectiveD.affirmative【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段第三句指出:If a famous person is accused, members of the press appear to smack their lips and writing their hands in anticipation (如果某个名人被指控， 那么新闻工作人员就表现得垂涎欲滴并预先进行报道)，其中的smack their lips和writing their hands in anticipation正好对应C项中的overjoyed 和 build their stories，故选C项“记者们将会非常高兴，因为他们可以在此基础上编撰自己的报道”。第2题:语义题。对于此句的理解可参考第二段中: It tears at the core of the American Judicial system a fair trial by an impartial jury. A juror is supposed to be objective and has no preconceived opinion about the guilt or innocence of the accused: however, the medias bombarding the public with information about a crime true or otherwise makes finding twelve people who have no opinion about it nearly impossible (它破坏了美国司法体系的核心由公正的陪审团进行的公正审判。陪审员被认为是客观的，并且对于被告是否有罪没有先入为主的观点。然而，媒体用有关犯罪的真实或其他方面的信息轰炸公众，使得找到12个对案件不了解的人几乎是不可能的)。由此可知媒体对于犯罪活动的详细报道会影响案件的公正审理，从而对被告的生命造成威胁，故选D。第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词Rodney King example可定位至第四段:In the beginning, the facts about the incident were reported, but as time went on information on Rodney Kings personal life was publicized, Mr. King was portrayed as a sleazy ex-convict from the ghetto who deserved what happened to him because he had resisted arrest. In reality, Rodney King was the victim in this crime, and his personal life had not had to do with his being so severely beaten (起初，有关这一事件的事实被报道，但随着时间的推移，有关罗德尼金个人生活的信息被公布，金先生被描绘成一个来自贫民区的卑鄙的惯犯，他应该受到惩罚，因为他拒绝逮捕。事实上，罗德尼金是这起犯罪的受害者，他的私生活与他被如此严打无关)。因此选C项 “舆论很容易受到有偏见的报道的影响”。第4题:判断推理题。最后一段主要讲了O.J. Simpson的例子: For example, early in the investigation, the press reported that a sock soaked with Nicole Simpsons blood had been found in O. J.s bedroom (例如，在调查的早期，媒体报道说，在辛普森的卧室中发现了一只浸透了她血液的袜子)。由此可知新闻报道暗示了 O.J. Simpson犯了谋杀罪，故选A项“媒体可能暗示O.J.辛普森犯了谋杀罪”。第5题:观点态度题。文章首先提出:We want intimate details, and the media is happy to comply, but we forget that peoples lives are at stake (我们喜欢生动的细节，媒体也会 积极地投大众所好，但是我们却忘了有的人的生命正处在危险中)。随后列举了三个例子说明了有失偏颇的媒体报道对社会造成的影响，而且在最后一段还列举了O. J. Simpson的例子以说明其危害，可以看出作者的态度是批判性的。2.单选题The old buildings blend with the new ones in perfect（ ）, so a walk along Zhongshan Road is an enjoyable discovery.问题1选项A.harmonyB.orderC.controlD.action【答案】A【解析】句意:老建筑夹杂在新建筑中间非常和谐，所以沿着中山路散步是一个愉快的探索之旅。考查名词辨析。harmony 协调，和谐;order 命令，顺序；control 控制， 管理；action 行动，活动。根据关键词 “愉快的探索之旅”可知，新老建筑之间是非常和谐的，四个选项中，A项符合句意。3.单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our county have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?2.The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?3.The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（ ）.4.Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?5.The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by（ ）.问题1选项A.What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering?B.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty?C.Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment?D.How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities?问题2选项A.The overall causes of poverty.B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.Shortages of jobs providing adequate income.问题3选项A.more people were unemployed in the 1930sB.unemployment now has less severe effectsC.social programs are more needed nowD.there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty问题4选项A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.问题5选项A.the employed poorB.dependent children in single-earner familiesC.workers who become disabledD.retired workers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段作者提出在很多方面，我们的社会统计夸大了失业的困苦程度。而在第二段又指出然而我们的社会统计也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关的困苦。文章主要是针对这俩方面进行分析。因此D项“社会统计如何就由低工资和不充足的雇佣机会导致的困苦程度给出一个不清楚的描写”比较能概括文章大意。第2题:判断推理题。文章开头提出: How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? (有多少人真的因为劳务市场问题而受苦？)。第二段又指出: Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship (然而我们的社会统计也在很多方面低估了劳动力市场相关的困苦)。后面又提及unemployment (失业)和Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment (低工资和反复的或持续很久的失业)。由此可推测，“labor market problems”指 “缺乏提供充足收入的工作”。第3题:判断推理题。根据题干可定位至第一段: Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners.( 如今的失业没有20世纪30年代的失业那样悲惨的结果，那时大多数的失业者是主要的养家糊口者)。第4题:判断推理题。题干意为:下列哪一项建议最适合作者提出的问题?最后一段指出: There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems (在这场辩论中，只有一个领域是一致的，那就是现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据不足以作为衡量劳动力市场问题后果的主要运用之一，（即衡量劳动力市场问题的后果）是不充分的)。由此推测C项“新的统计指标应该被开发来衡量失业和工资支付不足的就业导致的受苦程度”正确。第5题:判断推理题。题干意为:作者指出，涉及收入转移的社会项目对低收入人群收入水平的缓解作用，往往没有对受益。Finally, income transfers in our county have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor (最后，收入转移在我们的国家一直关注老人、残疾人和依靠他人者，从而忽视了上班的穷人的需求)。由此可推测，A项“被雇佣的穷人”正确。4.单选题The （ ） stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.问题1选项A.diagramB.labelC.signalD.mark【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项diagram“图表；图解”；B选项label“标签；商标”；C选项signal“ 信号；暗号；导火线”；D选项mark“标志；马克；符号”。句意：信封上粘贴的标签说是“航空邮件”。信封上粘贴的应该是标签，故选B。5.单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion （拥挤）.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable （可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer （蜂鸣器）that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present day highway.1.One significant improvement in the future car will probably be （ ）.2.What is the authors main concern?3.What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4.In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is to （ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceB.its driving systemC.its monitoring systemD.its seating capacity问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobilesC.How to solve the problem of traffic jamsD.How to develop an automated subway system问题3选项A.A railB.An engineC.A retractable armD.A computer controller问题4选项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.PessimisticC.OptimisticD.Cautious【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出：It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types（它应该变得更小、更安全和更经济且不再由汽油发动机提供动力，未来的汽车也应该比现在更环保）。因此A项“它的动力来源”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第三段指出：Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion（不管它的动力来源如何，在未来，汽车也将仍然是导致城市交通拥挤的主要因素）。之后的两个段落就解决这个问题进行了论述。因此，作者主要关心如何解决交通堵塞的问题，故选C项。第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出: .make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically (与轨道接触，它类似于为地铁列车供电的东西)。因此，A项 “铁轨”正确。第4题:细节事实题。第五段指出：The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system（司机将使用电话将目的地指示拨入系统）。因此D项 “用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确。第5题:观点态度题。作者在第一段指出了有关汽车未来的两个观点，一是汽车将会被人废弃，二是汽车依然会是城市交通的主要方式。随后提到其他权威人士认为汽车在可预见的未来将仍然是一个主要的城市交通工具，后面对未来发展问题的解决进行探讨。由此可见作者对于汽车的发展是持乐观态度的。故选C项。6.单选题The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（ ）.问题1选项A.engagementB.destinyC.capacityD.temperament【答案】D【解析】句意:中日两国的文化有许多共同的特点，但是每个国家却根据各自的民族气质来体现。考查名词辨析。engagement 婚约；约会；交战；诺言；destiny 命运; capacity 能力；容量；资格；temperament 气质；性情；性格。因此D项符合句意。7.单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became（1）in a variety of aerobic activities, and（2）thousands of health spas （3） around the country to capitalize on this（4）interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed （5）to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their（6）was not on aerobics, （7）on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, （8）, and endurance in their primarily male（9）. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit（10）from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs（11）few, if （12）, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly （13）for males and for females. Many（14）programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.（15）, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily（16）such fitness components have been related to（17）in athletics.（18）, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health（19）as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now （20）that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.问题1选项A.imposedB.engagedC.confinedD.illustrated问题2选项A.affluentlyB.eligiblyC.gorgeouslyD.literally问题3选项A.enhancedB.manifestedC.developedD.established问题4选项A.emergingB.hoveringC.intriguingD.mingling问题5选项A.priorB.entitledC.liableD.subjected问题6选项A.actionB.focusC.cementsD.snap问题7选项A.orB.or elseC.andD.but rather问题8选项A.strengthB.nutritionC.toleranceD.ambition问题9选项A.practitionersB.enthusiastsC.refereesD.recipients问题10选项A.financiallyB.particularlyC.legitimatelyD.excessively问题11选项A.present