考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考前自测提分卷94(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Chinas resuming exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao is（ ）of Chinese prosperity.问题1选项A.indulgentB.indifferentC.indignantD.indicative【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的，中立的”；C选项indignant“愤愤不平的”；D选项 indicative“象征的”。句意：中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，象征着中国繁荣昌盛。选项D符合句意。2.单选题Prior to the event of September 11, the Bush administration had started to chart a clear-cut course in South Asia. In this new foreign policy calculus, India, the largest, most powerful economically dynamic, politically stable, and strategically significant state in the region, was destined to emerge as a linchpin. Such a shift was possible because unlike a range of other American administrations, both during and after the Cold War, the George W.Bush regime had finally decided that Pakistan could no longer exercise a veto on American relations with India. Such a decision was also made possible because of Pakistans steady downward economic spiral, the presence of a Pakistani military dictatorship in a democratizing Asia and also because of Pakistans extensive strategic links with the loathsome Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Few American interests, it appeared, were implicated in that country.Simultaneously, India, which had almost reflexively opposed virtually any major American foreign policy, initiatively appeared to be changing its orientation. The Bharatiya Janata Party (RlP)-Ied regime in India was demonstrating a degree of intellectual flexibility that few regimes in India had ever displayed, specifically, the BJP-led regime had expressed cautious support for the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty and move toward dramatic cuts in the American nuclear arsenal. Admittedly, the India endorsement of the American position was anything but fulsome.Nevertheless, even this limited embrace of an otherwise controversial American strategic shift was quite significant. At another level, unlike many previous regimes, the BJP-led government appeared much more inclined to broaden and deepen military-to-military contacts with the United States. Even areas of disagreement in Indo-U.S. relations such as those dealing with trade and investment regimes no longer appeared as acrimoniousness.1.The word “linchpin” in the first paragraph means（ ）.2.From the first paragraph, we can infer that（ ）.3.The BJP-led government（ ）.4.The article mainly talks about（ ）.问题1选项A.a kind of animal in South AsiaB.something vitally importantC.the dominating powerD.an ally问题2选项A.India and Pakistan had been closely cooperating with each other in the past few years.B.India had enjoyed a more preferable position than Pakistan with American politicians since the 1970sC.George Bush followed the same foreign policy as other American administrations in South Asia.D.America had been reluctant to develop constructive relations with India out of consideration for Pakistan.问题3选项A.is inclined to broaden and deepen military contest with the US.B.caused embarrassment for the Americans when they made controversial strategic shiftC.supported the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treatyD.is against the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty问题4选项A.US foreign policy in South AsiaB.dictatorship in PakistanC.contribution of the Indian BJP-led governmentD.Bushs wisdom as a politician【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.语义题。根据原文句意“在这一新的外交政策考量中，印度作为该地区最大、经济动力最强、政治稳定以及战略意义重大的国家，注定会成为一个关键因素。”“linchpin”的本意就是关键的意思，所以选项B正确。2.判断推理题。选项A在文中没有信息提及；选项B时间表述有误；根据第一段第三句“.unlike a range of other American administrations.不像其他美国政府”可知选项C表述错误；根据“Pakistan could no longer exercise a veto on American relations with India.巴基斯坦再也不能对美印关系行使否决权。”可知选项D正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“BJP-led government”定位到第二段，根据倒数第二句“the BJP-led regime had expressed cautious support for the Bush administrations decision to amend the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty. 以印度人民党为首的政权对布什政府修改反弹道导弹条约的决定表示谨慎支持”由此可知，选项C符合原文。4.主旨大意题。文章第一段首句为本文的主旨句。“the Bush administration had started to chart a clear-cut course in South Asia. 布什政府已经开始在南亚制定明确的方针。”选项A“美国在南亚的外交政策”最能概括全文，所以正确。3.单选题Oscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now among the worlds saddest refugees. Factory workers in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past half-century. America once led the rich world in cutting the average working week-from 70 hours in 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extras earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up by American workers have risen to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing.Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80-hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sun-loungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan continues to fall. In Germanys engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year Most Germans get six weeks paid annual holiday, even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether peoples aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the worlds richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications. Parents spend less time with their children who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise?Some explanations for Americas time at work fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost-cutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests not: when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would rather work less.Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain their living standards. Yet many higher skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment-which is more or less where the argument began.Taxes may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline in working hours has gone into reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain show signs of following Americas lead). Perhaps cultural differences - the last refuge of the defeated economists- are at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs” - for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-propelled carexpand continuously. Shopping is already one of Americas most popular pastimes. But it requires moneyhence more work and less leisure. Or try this, the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have nothing better to do.1.In the United States, working longer hours is（ ）.2.According to the third paragraph, which might be one of the consequences of working longer hours?3.Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours stated by the writer?问题1选项A.confined to the manufacturing industryB.a traditional practice in some sectorsC.prevalent in all sectors of societyD.favored by the economists问题2选项A.Rise in employees working efficiencyB.Rise in the number of young offendersC.Rise in peoples living standardsD.Rise in competitiveness问题3选项A.Expansion of basic needsB.Cultural differencesC.Increase in real earningsD.Advertising【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing:.几项研究表明，制造业以外也在发生类似的事情:.”也就是说，除了制造业，美国其他行业里工作时间也很长，所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“Parents spend less time with their children who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise? 父母花在孩子身上的时间更少，他们（孩子）可能会被长时间的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趋势，这仅仅是个巧合吗?”由此可知，长时间工作的结果将会导致青少年犯罪数量的增加。选项B符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“这些答案都不能真正解释为什么美国的工作时间长达一个世纪的下降趋势已经逆转，而其他地方却没有(尽管英国有迹象表明正在步美国的后尘)。也许文化差异失败经济学家的最后避难所正在发挥作用。”这里提到文化差异的问题，但这并不是美国人长时间工作的原因。下文提到“Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries,.经济学家过去认为，一旦工人挣到足够的钱来满足他们的基本需求和一些奢侈品.”由此可知，真正的原因是为了扩大基本需求，所以选项A正确。4.单选题Mrs. Lackey was awakened by the ringing of the bedside phone 12 hours after her husbands boat had been（ ）.问题1选项A.wreckedB.collapsedC.decayedD.fired【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项wrecked“破坏，毁灭，船舶失事”；B选项 collapsed“倒塌，崩溃”；C选项decayed“腐烂，衰退”；D选项fired“点火，激发”。句意：在她丈夫的船失事12个小时后，Lackey夫人被床边的电话铃声吵醒。选项A符合语境。5.单选题Fingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. This is because of a growing number of claims from defendants that their prints have been lifted and planted at scenes of crimes. And these allegations are being taken seriously by lawyers, judges and policemen because it is possible to move a fingerprint from one spot and place it elsewhere.With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being placed in doubt a committee of criminal lawyers is carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting. The investigation has been ordered by Justice, the prestigious legal organization, and a report is due early next year. Last night a spokesman for Justice said: “There are an increasing number of cases where people are claiming their prints have been transferred and put on incriminating objects. We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. Some of Britains top criminal lawyers are worried about this increasing number of claims.”How can a fingerprint be transferred? A finger mark left on a greasy glass or some other smooth surface can be “lifted” with a strip of adhesive. It can then be deposited on another, perhaps incriminating object. Accusations about planted prints were first put up at an old Baileg IRA bomb trial nine years ago without success. Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be dusted down with fine powder, photographed for identification purposes, then the pictures and objects carrying the prints were produced in court.However, since 1973 a new method of taking prints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to lift a print which is then produced in court as evidence. Before 1973 the object on which the prints were found a little dagger or a gun used to be shown in court as well. This is no longer necessary. As a result criminals are claiming that their prints have been lifted and planted elsewhere. According to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object “requires great skill and trouble.” He added: “Its almost impossible but it can be done. It can usually be easily detected by someone like me. but there is a chance that even I may not be able to tell.”1.Fingerprints have traditionally been regarded as（ ）.2.The investigation into fingerprinting is（ ）.3.The passage suggests that（ ）.4.Since 1973,（ ）.问题1选项A.the only proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guiltB.one of many proofs of a suspected criminals innocence or guiltC.no proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guiltD.a key proof of a suspected criminals innocence or guilt问题2选项A.to prove that policemen have been behaving dishonestlyB.to establish the truth of the allegationsC.part of a wider investigationD.to allay the fears of some top criminal lawyers问题3选项A.some of the allegations against fingerprinting are justifiedB.transferring fingerprints is too much trouble for most policemenC.transferring fingerprints is a very delicate operationD.it is likely that some policemen transfer fingerprints问题4选项A.fingerprints at the scene of a crime have been dusted down with fine powder and photographed.B.it has been necessary to produce in court the objects on which the prints were foundC.there have been successful claims against police fingerprinting methods in the United States and Great Britain.D.police fingerprinting methods have been simplified【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Fingerprints, one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges, are now in the dock themselves. 在刑事指控中，指纹，曾经是刑事起诉中判断一个人是否有罪的决定性因素之一，而现在它却成为了众矢之的。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“We are not aiming to establish if these allegations are true or not, but we are questioning current fingerprinting methods as part of a general investigation into scientific evidence. 我们的目的不是确定这些辩解是否正确，而是质疑目前的指纹识别方法作为对科学证据普遍调查研究的一部分是否合理。”由此可知，对指纹的调查是广泛调查的一部分，选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“According to ex-chief Superintendent Squires, lifting a mark and transferring it to another object requires great skill and trouble. 据前总警司Squires说，采集指纹并把它转移到另一个物体上需要高超的技巧并且很麻烦。”也就是说：转移指纹是一项非常精细的工作。其他选项均不正确，只有选项C符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据关键时间点“1973”定位到最后一段第一句“since 1973 a new method of taking prints has been generally used in Britain. Police experts now use a strip of adhesive tape to lift a print which is then produced in court as evidence. 自1973年以来，英国普遍采用一种新的采集指纹的方法。警方专家现在使用一条胶带来揭下指纹，然后在法庭上出示作为证据。”再根据下文的描述，在此之前在法庭上出示指纹需要带上沾有指纹的物品，比如一把小匕首或一把枪，而新的方法只需要一条胶带就能揭下指纹，说明取指纹的方法简化了，所以选项D符合原文。6.单选题A comprehensive market system should be established to（ ）the flow of talent, funds and materials.问题1选项A.sufficeB.necessitateC.facilitateD.fabricate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项suffice“使满足”；B选项necessitate“使成为必需”；C选项facilitate“促进，帮助”；D选项fabricate“伪造”。句意：应该建立完善的市场体系促进人才、资金和物资的流动。选项C符合句意。7.单选题The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its contexts, and implications. Much of the how to material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general tests as well as numerous research articles on interviewing other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in the positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar similar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by Television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.1.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?2.Much research has been done on interviews in general,（ ）.3.Most of the Westerners may not have been interviewed by the mass media（ ）.4.It is most likely that the passage is part of（ ）.问题1选项A.Personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.B.Concepts and journalistic interviews.C.Priority should be give to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.D.Contextual implications and general principles should be the main concern.问题2选项A.and the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.B.but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedC.so the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentionD.so there has been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing问题3选项A.and they dont hope to have the chance to be interviewed.B.and they would like to have a true understanding of itC.though most of them wish to stay away from it.D.though they are familiar with the journalistic interview.问题4选项A.a news articleB.a prefaceC.a journalistic interviewD.a research report【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者首先提出关于采访的重要性和重点的书籍都是强调的如何做采谈，而不是采访的概念及其系统的研究，最后作者提出“新闻和其他领域一样，可以从系统的专业实践学习到很多东西。”也就是说，对新闻采访的系统研究应放在首位。所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的三四句“Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. 不幸的是，这些关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访。”选项B符合原文，所以正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容“First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in the positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. 首先，现代西方社会的大多数人似乎比其他任何形式的采访都更熟悉新闻采访，至少是以一种积极的方式。”选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后一句“Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. 即便如此，如本书所述，要真正理解新闻采访，尤其是电视采访，需要深思熟虑的分析甚至研究。”由此可以推断，这篇文章是前言的一部分。选项B正确。