小学英语语法形容词副词

腾飞辅导 腾飞辅导中心小学英语语法（第22期） 第三讲 形容词和副词Name Mark 重点讲解一、形容词：形容词是用来修饰物体的形状、大小、长度、属性、特点的词。1一般位于名词前，做“ 前置定语 ” 。 I have a busy day. 我忙了一天。 She is a famous scientist.2放在be动词的后面，被称为“ 系表结构 ” 。如： He is clever. She is beautiful.3当几个形容词或形容词和名词同时修饰一个名词时，必须按照正确的排列顺序，即：大小 - 形状 - 颜色 - 质地。如：a big yellow banana a white round stone bench4表示国籍的几个形容词，还可以用作名词，但意义上有所区别。如： a Chinese /Japanese boy speak Chinese / Japanese5形容词修饰不定代词something, anything等时，需要置于其后。如： I have something important to tell you.There is something wrong with you.二、副词：是说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 1副词的分类时间副词 如：now, usually, often, always, sometime, yesterday等。地点副词 如：here, there, everywhere等。（其前不能加介词，如：go there / come here）方式副词 如： quietly, slowly，quickly, carefully等。（ “怎样地” ）程度副词 如：very, much, quite（完全地，十分地）, too（太）等。2副词的用法：主要用来修饰动词的。如： He plays basketball well. He jumps high.三、形容词、副词的等级：原级、比较级和最高级。 1原级的用法肯定句： 主语 + be动词 + as + 原级 + as . ，表示“和 一样 ，如：Surfing is as interesting as swimming.否定句： 主语 + be动词 + not so / as + 原级 + as . ，表示“和 不一样 ，如： Surfing is not so / as interesting as swimming2比较级：两个人或物体之间的相对比较。通常用在两个物体之间用than来连接。（1）句式结构: 主语 + be动词 +比较级 + than + . ，如：English is more important than Japanese, I think. （有than 一定有比较级）Which do you like better, this one or that one? （没有than 也可以有比较级）（2）比较级的用法： 比较级 and 比较级，如：He becomes fatter and fatter. more and more + 原级 “. 越来越 .”，如：Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. The + 比较级 . , the + 比较级 . “ 越, 越 ”The more, the better.3最高级：是三个或三个以上的物体之间的相互比较。（1）句式结构：主语 + be动词 + 最高级 . ，如：Amy is the most beautiful girl in my class. （形容词最高级前要有the）He runs fastest in the running match. （副词前最高级前的the省略）（2）最高级的用法： (the)最高级 + 比较范围 Jim is the tallest in his class.Jim is the tallest of the three. 最高级 , A , B or C ? Which is the farthest, the train station, the bus station or the airport? 主语 + be动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. 补充：比较级前可以有一个表示程度的词：如 a little rather much a lot far even any 等 He is much better today.Frank is even stronger than his father.四、形容词与副词的变化关系 1大多数副词是用形容词加后缀ly构成的。 Eg：quick - quickly slow - slowly brave - bravely 2以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。 Eg：happy-happily angry-angrily 3有些副词与形容词形式相同。 Eg：late, early, high, long, fast，friendly补充：good 的副词是well,但是well也有形容词的意义，表示身体状况好，如：Im well.貌似副词的形容词： friendly友好的； lovely可爱的五、形容词、副词比较级和最高级变化规则情况变化规则举例一般单音节词/少数多音节词直接在词尾加 -er或 -esttall - taller - tallest clean - cleaner cleanest small-smaller-smallestclever- cleverer -cleverest strong-stronger-strongestlong-longer-longest young-younger-youngest以e结尾的单音节词加 -r或 -stlarge - larger largest safe safer safestlate - later - latest fine - finer finest wide-wider-widest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加 -er或-estearly earlier - earliest. easy - easier easiest heavy-heavier-heaviesthappy happier happiest dry - drier - driest以重读闭音节单音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er 或-esthot hotter - hottest thin - thinner - -thinnestbig bigger biggest wet wetter wettestfat-fatter-fattest多音节和大部分双音节词在原级前加more / mostimportant - more important - most importantbeautiful - more beautiful - most beautifulinteresting - more interesting - most interesting不规则变化（重要，常考）原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/farthest/做中学一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式1. long _ _ 2.wide _ _ 3. fat _ _ 4.strong _ _5. bright _ _ 6.young _ _7. big _ _ 8.easy _ _9. kind _ _ 10.small _ _ 11. bad _ _ 12.good _ _13. heavy _ _ 15.ill _ _ 16. old _ _二、 用所给词的正确形式填空1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever).2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).3. My sister is two years _ (old) than I.4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child.5. The _ (cheap) bags are not usually the worst ones.6. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother.8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _ (well) than John, but Mary sings_ (well) in her class.9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house.过关训练一、选择填空1. The line is _ than that one.A. more longer B. not longer C. much longer D. many more longer 2. The book is _ of the two.A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 3. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 4. The garden is becoming _.A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 5. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _.A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the betterC. fastest and better D. faster and better6. This kind of shirt looks _ and sells _.A. nice, well B. nice, good C. well, well D. good, nice 7. Table tennis is _ than basketball in China.A. popular B. less popular C. more popular D. most popular 8. This year, it doesnt snow as _ last year.A. more than B. many as C. much as D. much than9. I think it is _ cheaper and _ interesting to travel around the small town on foot than by taxi.A. much; even more B. more; more C. more; much more D. much; much10. Beijing is one of _ in China.A. the biggest cities B. biggest city C. a bigger city D. the biggest city二、翻译句子1这本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.2你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ your brother.3今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.4这个故事比另一个有趣的多。This story is _ _ _ than that one.5他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I. 6他的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day.7他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats ，the _ he gets.8你的问题是四个中最难的那个。Your question is _ _ _ of the four. 第 22 期 小六英语语法 第 5 页