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第3讲形容词和副词形容词和副词为高考的必考点，从功能上来说，形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，作定语或表语，而副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，作状语。在语法填空和短文改错中形容词和副词的比较等级及形容词和副词之间的转化为重点考查方向。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中主要考查形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较等级、形容词和副词的词性转换等。感1.(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many _ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _ (huge) popular with tourists.答案：traditional; hugely所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional；第二空所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。2.(2019全国卷)We are so proud of her. Its _ (wonder).答案：wonderful系动词is后跟形容词作表语。3.(2019浙江宁波高三模拟)Gaokao, which is held across China in June, is _ (increase) accepted by universities in Australia, the US, Canada and mainland Europe. 答案：increasingly句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，逐渐地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰。increasingly “逐渐地，越来越多地”。4.(2018浙江高考)There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.答案：higher根据空前的even可知应用比较级。悟1.学会判断是否用比较等级当所给的提示词为形容词或副词，分析句子成分后，发现词性不需要改变，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级：暗示比较意义、有比较结构或有比较级修饰词时要用比较级；三者、三者以上进行比较或有修饰最高级的词时用最高级。2.学会判断是否为词性转化此种类型的解题关键在于要学会分析所给提示词在句子中应作的成分：如果作定语、表语或补足语，那么要填形容词(此时给的提示词通常为名词或动词)；如果作状语，那么就要填副词(此时所给提示词通常为形容词)。短文改错短文改错中主要考查形容词和副词的比较等级、它们本身或它们之间的错用的情况。感1.(2019湖南长沙雅礼中学高三一模)This was the better thing I could have done._答案：betterbest根据the再结合句意可知，句子用最高级。2.(2019黑龙江大庆一中高三模拟)They just smiled and made friend gestures._答案：friendfriendlygesture为名词，需要形容词修饰，故friend改为friendly。3.(2019河南郑州高三质量预测)Secondly, wed better try our best to study hard and build a solid foundation, and then well feel confidence of winning by then._答案：confidenceconfident此处应用形容词作系动词feel的表语。4.(2019广东六校高三联考)I stood there for five minutes without saying anything, which made me feel very embarrassing._答案：embarrassingembarrasseded形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到的”，ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人的”，此处说明主语的感受，故用ed形式的形容词。5.(2018全国卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._答案：largerlarge根据语意判断此处并无比较意义，应用形容词的原级。悟1.通过判断句子成分确定词性误用一定要知道形容词和副词分别可以修饰什么(参左栏 2，这是解题非常有效的手段)2.牢记易混的形容词和副词高考中常将意近意反或意重、形近或相像的易混词作为考查方向，因此要牢记才行(参考考点素能三)。考点素能一 使用比较级的常见情况1直接型(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)当空格前有表示程度的词如much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal等标志性词汇时，需填比较级。2间接型(1)要根据隐含的信息做出判断。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than和有表示程度的词，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。3“the比较级 . the比较级 .”表示“越越”4“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a better boss.为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。注意：比较级的重复：如果形容词或副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more；固定结构中比较级的应用，如whats more, whats worse等。二 使用最高级的常见情况(1)表达在某个范围内“最”时，使用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。(2)当空格前有the second/third ., one of . 等词时，需填最高级。(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far, almost, nearly等。注意：有些词本身就含有最高级的含义，不可再用最高级，如favorite, wonderful, exhausted等。三 易用错的形容词和副词1以ly结尾的形容词如friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。2形近的词如close (通常指距离上的靠近)closely (仔细地；接近地)；hard (努力地，费力地) hardly (几乎不)；most (最，非常) mostly (一般地，主要地)等。3意近、意反或意重的词如many和much都表示很多，但前者修饰可数名词复数，而后者修饰不可数名词；ago和before都表示“以前”，但前者所指的时间从现在算起，常用一般过去时，而后者所指的时间从过去算起，常用于过去完成时；however和therefore，前者表示转折，而后者表示因果，两者正相反；so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。4相像的词如表示宽(wide)、高(high)、深(deep)、慢(slow)等词，本身就为副词，加上ly还是副词，但前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。5以ed和ing结尾的形容词的区别解决此类问题一要看语境是“令人的(ing)”还是“感到的(ed)”，二要看说明的是性质特征(ing)还是感受(ed)。四 常见形容词和副词的变化规律1动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀al 如music(al), origin(al), person(al), form(al), nation(al), centre(central), nature(natural)ful 如hope(ful), harm(ful), help(ful), peace(ful), care(ful), use(ful)able 如accept(able), comfort(able), fashion(able), suit(able), reason(able)ible 如access(ible), horror(horrible), terror(terrible)ive 如act(ive), effect(ive), attract(ive), impress(ive), instruct(ive), expense(expensive)ous 如continue(continuous), anxiety(anxious), caution(cautious), curiosity(curious), humor(humorous)y 如health(y), wealth(y), dirt(y), rain(y), cloud(y), sun(ny), taste(tasty)ic 如science(scientific), economy(economic), history(historic)some/ish/ary/ern 如tire(some), trouble(some), fool(ish), self(ish), imagine(imaginary), east(ern)ed/ing这类词一般为表示心理、表情的词，如scare, confuse, puzzle, worry, excite, bore, surprise, convince, satisfy，以e结尾直接加d或将e去掉再加ing，以y结尾则直接加ing或把y变i再加ed，它们用法区别参考上文“三”中的第5条即可。2形容词变副词的规则过关检测(限时：30分钟).单句语法填空1As they couldnt play outdoors, they were _ (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time.答案：unhappy2We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remembering to record something _ (impress) and meaningful.答案：impressive3And if he wants to live _ (comfort), he has to work hard.答案：comfortably4You havent changed at allyou still look _ (exact) the same as before.答案：exactly5Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies, but students themselves think _ (different)答案：differently6I think youll get a bit _ (fat) by then. By the way, is there anything I can do for you?答案：fatter7Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six _ (health) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.答案：healthiest8Just imagine how _ (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.答案：terribly9The sun is a lot _ (big) and _ (bright) than the moon.答案：bigger; brighter10There are only a third _ many trees as ten years ago on the hill.答案：as.单句改错1I am real proud of my brother._答案：realreally2Similar, people prefer movies that reflect their mood._答案：SimilarSimilarly3While taking exams, wed better plan our time careful._答案：carefulcarefully4It was the first time that I had played on the stage in front of such many people._答案：suchso5Anxious and tiring all day, he carried that heavy jewelry, afraid of being robbed or murdered._答案：tiringtired6I am deep moved by what he has done for me in recent years._答案：deepdeeply7That sounds wonderfully as collecting stamps is my hobby as well._答案：wonderfullywonderful8I have finally made up my mind to go to America for farther study after graduation._答案：fartherfurther9This book isnt as cheaper as that one._答案：cheapercheap10The Yellow River is the second longer river in China._答案：longerlongest.语法填空The novel behind the popular television drama In the Name of People has sold out in bookstores, _1_ online and hard copies, around the nation. _2_ (write) by Zhou Meisen and published in January, the 54chapter novel _3_ (focus) on Chinese politics and officialdom (官僚作风) in the ongoing campaign against corruption (腐败). Audiences to the television version that consists of 55 episodes, have been drawn _4_ (watch) the series by the tension, drama and struggle of characters featured. Since the TV _5_ (adapt) has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the _6_ (origin) book to get ahead. According to Baidu Index, a majority of readers are between 25 and 39, and those _7_ (age) 30 to 39 cover 51 percent of the readership. Yet those _8_ havent got the book may find _9_ difficult to buy the paper copy at present. And popularity of the book is _10_ many sellers expectation.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了电视剧人民的名义的热播导致原版书脱销。1both考查代词。此处是both . and .用法，表示“二者都”，故填both。2Written考查非谓语动词。句中主语the 54chapter novel和动词write之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Written。3focuses考查动词的时态。此处指In the Name of People这本书所描述的客观事实，用一般现在时，故填focuses。4to watch考查非谓语动词。句意：观众们被这部55集的电视剧吸引，来观看该剧的紧张气氛、戏剧和人物之间的斗争。句中用不定式作目的状语，故填to watch。5adaption考查词性转换。此处是名词形式作主语，指电视改编本，故填adaption。6original考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰名词book，故填original。7aged考查词性转换。aged 30 to 39指30到39岁的人，此处aged是形容词修饰those，意为“岁的”，故填aged。8who考查定语从句的引导词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是those指人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词引导，故填who。9it考查代词。句中it作动词find的形式宾语，difficult是宾补，不定式to buy the paper copy at present作真正的宾语，故填it。10beyond考查介词。此处指这本书比销售者预想的更畅销，beyond sb.s expectation “出乎某人的预料”，故填beyond。.短文改错(2019郑州一中高三模拟)Last Saturday I saw the worse weather in years. In the morning, the sun was completely blocked so that I could see everything clearly. I stayed at home, look outside. Suddenly, a flash of lightning came into the sight. Seconds later, the noise of thunder broke the silent. Then a strong wind starts to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk was blown high into the air and some flew out the open window. I was about to close the window while big drops of rain began to fall. It rained hardly and nearly broke my window.What bad weather! I hate it because I cant go out to play.答案：Last Saturday I saw the weather in years. In the morning, the sun was completely blocked so that I could see clearly. I stayed at home, outside. Suddenly, a flash of lightning came into sight. Seconds later, the noise of thunder broke the . Then a strong wind to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk blown high into the air and some flew out the open window. I was about to close the window big drops of rain began to fall. It rained and nearly broke my window.What bad weather! I hate it because I cant go out to play.- 9 -
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