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训练10.完形填空I had just arrived in this Asian country for a oneyear teaching position. One day, I took the subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown. The following account of what happened to me has taught me much about culture _1_.Since all the _2_ were taken, I stood. Suddenly, I felt someone pulling on my bag. _3_ I probably was in someones way, I moved over slightly. But in one quick motion (动作), I felt my bag removed from my back, and in a flash it was _4_. I turned around to see who the thief was. I looked at the people standing behind me, but didnt see my bag or anyone _5_. My heart sank and I began to _6_.I glanced around the car only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady, and sitting on her lap was my _7_. I tried to get it back from her lap. But as I began to _8_ it up, she quickly grabbed (抓住) it back and held onto it. I looked around at the people standing beside me, and those sitting beside her, but no one took any _9_ of the situation. Trying not to cause a(n) _10_， I tried to negotiate through gestures. I used my hands as best as I could, but she _11_ my requests for my bag and pointed to my back. She picked up my bag, showing how _12_ it was. I finally began to understand. She was holding my bag to _13_ me.At the next stop, a middleaged woman got on the crowded subway. Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag, _14_ it on her lap. They didnt talk; _15_ this older woman was more than pleased to sit with this strangers bag on her lap throughout her journey.As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off, the woman _16_ handed me back my bag. But _17_ I had a chance to thank her, she had disappeared into the crowd.Sadly, this considerate custom was more _18_ to me than if I had been robbed. Everyone back home had heard of being robbedthat was _19_ city behaviorbut having a stranger hold onto someones bag out of _20_， in a city of twelve million peoplethat was truly unusual.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在亚洲某国旅游时，在地铁上由于文化差异而引起的一场误会。1A.loss BaimCdifference Dcause答案：C由下文可知，本文讲述的就是一场由于文化差异而引起的误会。故此处表示文化差异，选C。2A.carsBstationsCbusesDseats答案：D根据后面的“I stood”可知，“我”之所以站着，是因为“座位”都被坐满了。3A.AssumingBDecidingCAdmittingDExpecting答案：A由前一句可知，“我”以为挡住了别人的路，故轻微地移动了一下身子。assume “认为”，符合语境。故选A。4A.brokenBgoneCopenedDemptied答案：B根据前面的“I felt my bag removed from my back (我觉得包从我的背上移开)”可知，“我”的包丢了。故选B。5A.cautiousBnervousCsuspiciousDdangerous答案：C“我”向后看，并没有找到“我”的包，也没有发现任何可疑的人。6A.regretBscreamCleaveDpanic答案：D当作者发现自己的包丢了，开始慌了。7A.bookBmapCmoneyDbag答案：D作者发现自己的包在一个老妇人的大腿上。8A.checkBbringCpullDwrap答案：C根据前面的“I tried to get it back from her lap.”可知，作者打算把自己的包拉回来。9A.advantageBnoticeCchargeDphoto答案：B没有人注意到这种情境。take notice of “注意到”，故选B。10A.sceneBattackCaccidentDchange答案：A“我”竭力不引发争吵。scene “(尤指在公共场合)争吵，吵嘴”，符合语境。故选A。11A.ignoredBhandledCconsideredDreceived答案：A作者认为老妇人“忽视”自己的请求，不打算将包归还。ignore “忽视”，符合语境。故选A。12A.smallBusefulCspecialDheavy答案：D根据老妇人的动作“She picked up my bag”可知，她想表明这个包很沉重。13A.remindBhelpCteaseDwarn答案：B作者明白了老妇人不是想把包据为己有，而是觉得包太沉了，想要帮忙拿着包，是要帮助作者。14A.settingBtappingCclosingDdropping答案：A在另一站，也有一个老人把别人的包“放在”自己的大腿上。15A.soByetCorDbecause答案：B该空前后两句是转折关系，句意：她们没有交谈(互不相识)，但是，这个老人非常愿意在旅途中将这个陌生人的包放在自己的大腿上。根据语境可知，此处选表示转折意义的yet。16A.angrilyBgentlyCanxiouslyDgratefully答案：B由前文可知，老人是在帮“我”，所以当“我”到站了，要下车时，老人温柔地将包归还给“我”。17A.untilBonceCbeforeDwhile答案：C根据后面的“she had disappeared into the crowd”可知，在“我”道谢之前，老人已经消失在人群中了。18A.boringBannoyingCsurprisingDdisappointing答案：C根据前文的描述可知，这种体贴周到的风俗习惯令作者感到意外。19A.suitableBharmfulCpracticalDusual答案：D大家都听说过抢劫，这在城市里很常见。20A.kindnessBcuriosityCpityDdesperation答案：A句意：抢劫大家都听说过，但是在一个拥有这么多人口的城市里，像这样出于好意帮他们拎包的行为真的是罕见的。根据语境可知，这种帮助陌生人的行为是出于好意。故选项A符合题意。.阅读理解A(2019湖南三十四校联考)Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists：Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the worlds problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an everincreasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest. In the long term, machines might decide the world would be better without humans.Scientist C: Im a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls (头骨) and think of whats happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三位科学家关于人工智能的讨论记录。1What is Scientist B worried about?AAI technology will destroy the earth.BComputers cant think by themselves.CRobots will take the place of humans.DHumans will be unhappy without machines.答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。2What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?AThe Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.BThe movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C“Murderbots” cant decide by themselves.D“Murderbots” will be against humans orders.答案：D指代判断题。根据画线词前一句“The next step will be autonomous murderbots following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own.”可知，自动“杀人机器人”服从人类的命令，但最后杀死谁由他们自己决定。句中this指“杀人机器人不服从人类的命令”。故选D。3What can we learn from the text?AScientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.BThe employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.C“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.DAll the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。也就是说，未来人工智能技术将会影响就业。故选B。4Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?AScientist A.BScientist B.CScientists B & C.DScientists A & B.答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能的积极因素比消极因素多。根据第三段中的“ . there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean largescale poverty and social unrest”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能的消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。BMoney is the root of all evil (邪恶) and a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California Berkeley, the US, announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people. The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS美国国家科学院院刊)They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving modest cars.In another experiment, a group of college students were asked if they would do immoral things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higherclass families were more likely to act dishonestly.According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks, it also means they care less about other peoples feelings.Finally, it just makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your selfinterest，” said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.Piff pointed out that the findings dont mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts (本能) and values in different ways.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。金钱是万恶之源吗？科学家通过实验证明：富有的人比穷人更加有可能做不道德的事。5By saying “Money is the root of all evil (邪恶)”， the author wants to _.Alink wealth with bad behaviorBdraw readers attention to the researchCshow how the saying proves the findingsDdefend rich people who do immoral things答案：B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying . that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people”可知，用这个俗语“金钱是万恶之源”来引出本文的话题富人们比穷人们更加有可能做不道德的事情，目的是吸引读者对这个研究的注意，故答案为B。6Why did the scientists do the experiments?ATo show how social status affects peoples morality.BTo show peoples instincts and values in different ways.CTo test whether the saying “Money is the root of all evil.” is true.DTo show the difference between higherclass people and lowerclass people.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts (本能) and values in different ways.”可知，实验的目的是展示不同社会阶层的人们如何以不同的方式来表达他们的本能和价值观。故选A项。7What does the passage really want to show us?AThe poor are respectable.BMoney is the root of all evil.CAll rich people are untrustworthy.DThe rich are more likely to act badly.答案：D推理判断题。根据文章第一段科学家发表的研究结论可知，富人们更加有可能做不道德的事。故D项是正确的。CDriving on up to Yosemite with my family was exciting but nerveracking (神经紧张的). I had never been to such an amazing national park before, yet I wasnt the most athletic person so I knew that I couldnt stick through all the hiking up and down. It actually ended up being a fun and adventurous experience.The ride there was definitely long but worth it. As I woke up from my nap, I saw the beautiful scenery of the tall mountains and beautiful streams. The trails were made nicely for visitors. The waterfalls were breathtaking. Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun. The fact that my family and I spent so much time together all trying to find out which route to take and what views to watch really brought us closer together.The great thing about nature is that, its just you, the views, and the people around you. Theres nothing there to bother you and its the best way to relax and enjoy yourself. Yosemite has 5 of the worlds highest waterfalls, and about 300 lakes. The structure of each mountain is incredible; its formed in ways that almost take your breath away. Some of them are of a deep dark color with waterfalls forming; some are formed with spots of green peeking (窥探) out. Its definitely something you wouldnt want to miss.Yosemite isnt the only great National Park but based on my experience I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends. Its a great time to bond, laugh, and take in what Mother Nature offers.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者与家人在Yosemite国家公园的一次有趣而又充满冒险的游玩经历。通过这一次游玩，他们不但充分享受了大自然的美景，也与家人感受了天伦之乐。8The author writes the first paragraph mainly to _.Aintroduce the topic of this passageBoffer an example to usCtell us his future plan for hikingDdescribe a national park答案：A推理判断题。文章第一段采用先抑后扬的写作手法，突出说明这次Yosemite国家公园游玩活动既有趣又充满冒险，为下文的描写埋下伏笔，故首段是为了引出文章话题，故选A。9While climbing up rocks, the author was _.Anerveracking BinjuredCpleasedDworried答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第五、六句“Climbing up rocks was one of my favorite parts. Even though I fell a couple of times, I still had a lot of fun.”可知，作者在攀爬岩石的时候是开心的。10According to the passage, Yosemite _.Ais crowded with visitors every dayBis the only great National ParkCis worth travelling toDis nothing but a common destination答案：C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者认为Yosemite是一个值得带着家人和朋友去享受自然的好地方。11The author suggests us _.Akeeping a good bond with other peopleBvisiting Yosemite now and thenCtrying to protect the environmentDgoing out to enjoy the beauty of nature答案：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I highly recommend going out and enjoying nature with family and friends”可知，作者极力推荐我们去户外欣赏大自然的美景。- 9 -
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