资源描述
专题22夹叙夹议文考纲展示命题探究1题型解读夹叙夹议类完形填空是近几年高考完形填空题中出现较多的一种体裁。这类体裁的完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性，往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。 在文章结构方面，作者首先叙述一件事情，然后就此事引申出一个深刻的生活哲理或就此事提出自己的观点；或者先提出一种观点或看法，然后就这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，最后再进一步阐述。在语言方面，既有记叙文的特点：借助叙述、描写、抒情等手法记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情况及其发展过程，用以表达作者的思想，抒发作者的情感；同时又具有议论文的特点：语言客观、准确，逻辑性强，具有较强的概括性。2题型特点1先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。3提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。考法综述文章记叙的内容积极时尚，情节曲折动人，富有知识性和趣味性；文章议论部分是记叙的升华，兼具教育性和启发性。命题法1利用主旨大意解题典例1It taught me the most _1_ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and Im thankful that it came _2_(early)_ and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.1A.difficultBpainfulCvaluable Denjoyable答案C上文是选自原文的最后一段。文中的最后一句“A small kindness can indeed make a difference.”是文章的主题句，根据文章主旨，我们可以推出教师生涯的经历是有价值的，当然不是痛苦的、困难的或令人愉快的。【解题法】利用主旨大意的解题思路通过对主旨的理解找到解题的根据。每一篇文章都有一个主旨，而且文章的情节总是在主旨的框架下展开，也就是说主旨和语境不是矛盾的，而应该是一致的，所以两者互为条件、互为提示，从而选出正确答案。命题法2利用叙述内容解题典例2 So when Simons mother entered the room, my palms (手掌心) were sweating. I was completely _1_ for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you，” she said, surprising me beyond speech. _2_(Because_of)_ me, Simon had become a different person.1A.desperate BresponsibleCunprepared Dunsuitable答案C此处选择的是一段记叙性文字。首先“my palms were sweating”说明作者此时此刻的心情，顺着这个意思，我们可以知道作者对她的吻完全是出乎意料、未做任何准备的。下文中的“surprising me beyond speech”也是重要的解题信息。【解题法】利用叙述内容的解题思路夹叙夹议文中的记叙部分总是会根据一定的线索进行叙述，这些线索呈现出时间、空间、人物或事件的特点，了解其发展的走向和脉络对解题会有很大的帮助。命题法3利用议论内容解题典例3I love how people _1_(can)_ seem so different, but end up being so _2_. The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasnt just to respect the French people _3_(but)_ to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away.2A.generous BindependentCsimilar Ddistant答案C此处所选片段就是对上文记叙的感想。和前面的different相对应，前面说他们差距如此巨大，此处的but表转折，暗示当到了最后他们之间又是如此相似，所以此处要用similar。【解题法】利用议论内容的解题思路夹叙夹议文中通常含有作者的“议”，它是作者对记叙部分所展示的情节进行的评价或分析。考生根据这些议论通常可以看到作者对所发生的事件的态度，包括积极和消极、表扬和批评、支持和反对等。命题法4利用叙议相结合来寻找正确答案典例4A bigger cause of my new _1_(attitude)_， however, came when I took a parttime job at Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimers disease became my _2_(friend)_. Every time I came into her room, she was so _3_(happy)_ because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never _4_(visited)_ her, so I took her place. She let me _5_(see)_ that making others feel good made me feel good too. When she died, I was _6_(heartbroken)_，but I was also very grateful to her.I think I am a much _7_ person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not _8_(forget)_ these experiences.7A.quieter BbusierCbetter Dricher答案C前一个段落是记叙部分，后一个段落是议论部分。根据“A bigger cause of my new_1_(attitude)_，however, came when I took a parttime job at Vista Nursing Home.”和下文中的feel good 等可知作者发生的变化。记叙和议论结合起来是解决第7小题的关键，也就是根据记叙的情节和议论的思想可以推知，作者认为现在的自己比以前要好。【解题法】利用叙议相结合的解题思路在夹叙夹议文中，“叙”和“议”是不可分割的整体，记叙的目的是议论；议论的目的是说明作者的观点和态度。所以解题中，考生需要把文章中的记叙和议论结合起来，以保证解题的正确性。Cloze 1 限时：18分钟Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all _1_ places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want _2_ somewhere else instead. I had the _3_ of seeing this first hand on a _4_. My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so _5_ a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some _6_ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams _7_ trained. Through the first two games, her _8_ did not get one serious shot on goal. As a parent, I _9_ seeing my daughter playing her best, _10_ still defeated. It seemed that something clicked with the _11_ between Saturday and Sunday. When they _12_ for their Sunday game, they were _13_ different. They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had _14_ the day before into their _15_. They played aggressively and _16_ scored a goal.It _17_ me that playing against the other team was a great _18_ moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. _19_ is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be _20_ what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.作者的女儿参加一项娱乐性足球赛并进入锦标赛。周六在与水平更高的队比赛时她们队输了，但是她们的球队善于学习，周日比赛时她们表现得完全不同，居然还进一球。作者由此感慨：实践出真知，经验是最好的老师。1A.public Btraditional Cofficial Dspecial答案B结合生活常识可知，在学校学习，向朋友学习，向老师学习都是“传统的”(traditional)学习方式。这也是与下文中的向对手学习相对而言的。2A.passes Bworks Clies Dends答案C但是你真正需要的学习很可能“存在于”(lies)别的地方。3A.dream Bidea Chabit Dchance答案D结合下文提到的女儿所在球队是在周六、周日比赛，因此作者“有机会”(chance)在一个“周末”(weekend)亲身体会这一点。4A.trip Bholiday Cweekend Dsquare答案C参见上题解析。5A.won Bentered Corganized Dwatched答案B依据语境可知，女儿所在的球队表现不错，因此“进入”(enter)锦标赛。6A.painful Bstrange Ccommon Dpractical答案A依据下文该球队周六的比赛情况可知，这是些“痛苦的”(painful)经历。7.A.less BpoorlyCnewly Dbetter答案D结合语境可知，对手显然是训练有素的(better trained)，故选better。8A.fans Btutors Cclass Dteam答案D根据语境可知，此时是两个球队在比赛，故此处指女儿所在的“球队”(team)。9A.imagined Bhated Cavoided Dmissed答案B作为父母，作者“讨厌”(hated)看到女儿非常尽力，“但是”球队最后还是输掉比赛这样的结局。10A.if Bor Cbut Das答案C结合语境可知，女儿所在的球队第一天还是输了。11A.girls Bparents Ccoaches Dviewers答案A根据语境，此处是说女儿所在球队的队员们，故选girls。12A.dressed Bshowed upCmade up Dplanned答案B她们第二天“出现”在运动场上风格完全不同了。show up“出现，露面”。13A.slightly Bhardly Cbasically Dcompletely答案D依据下文中的“They played aggressively and _16_ scored a goal”可知，周日他们的表现“完全”(completely)不同。14A.seen Bknown Cheard Dread答案A她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”(seen)的技巧和合作精神融入到自己的比赛中。15A.styles Btraining Cgame Drules答案C此空照应上文中的“for their Sunday game”。16A.even Bstill Cseldom Dagain答案A她们表现得很有进攻性，“甚至”(even)还进了一球。17A.confused Bstruck Creminded Dwarned答案B这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。It strikes sb. that.“让某人突然想到”，为固定句型。18A.touching BthinkingCencouraging Dlearning答案D本句与文章首句“Where do you go when you want to learn something”照应。19A.Experience BIndependenceCCuriosity DInterest答案A结合上文的比赛情况可知，“经验”(experience)是最好的老师。20A.harmful to Bmixed withCdifferent from Dapplied to答案C这些经验与她们在学校学到的东西可能不会有太大的“不同”，但是肯定更加深入、更加有意义，因为这是她们自己摸索出来的。different from“与不同”，符合语境。Cloze 2 限时：15分钟The Fittingin of Suzy KhanThe first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her. She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often _1_about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page. All I knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from Africa. She had just been adopted by a family in town who_2_that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids. I looked down at this_3_girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her. But how could I help her_4_in with us? There had to be a_5_. One day, when I went into the classroom, I saw that Suzy had _6_her geography book to a picture of a train, and in her notebook, she had made a(n) _7_copy. I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming_8_show. So, I took her to see the art teacher, Miss Parker, and showed her what Suzy had_9_. “Why, its wonderful，” said Miss Parker, who then showed us a poster she had painted _10_ the talent show. “I need more of these, but I just dont have enough _11_. Could you help me, Suzy？” On the day of the talent show, Suzys _12_ were everywhereall over the hall and all over the school, each one different.“And finally，” said Mr Brown, the schoolmaster, at the end of the show, “we have a(n) _13_ award. Im sure youve all noticed the wonderful posters.” Everyone nodded. “One of our own students _14_ them.” I could hear everyone whispering. “Who in our school could draw _15_ well？” Mr Brown waited a while before saying, “_16_ this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a _17_，too. Our mystery (神秘) artist is our new studentSuzy Khan！” Mr Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artists set. “Thank you，”she cried. I _18_，at that time when I was looking at her excited face, shed probably never _19_ anything in her whole life. Everyone started to _20_ their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.本文主要讲述了一个非洲裔的小女孩因身材瘦小，遭同学嘲弄，后来在作者的帮助下发挥其绘画特长，为学校的达人秀设计无数海报，从而获得同学们的认可的故事。1A.joked BcaredCforgot Dworried答案A由下文中的“laughed their heads off”和“She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page”可知选A。2A.reported BdecidedCcomplained Dquestioned答案B她被镇上的一家人收养，这家人“决定”(decided)对她来说学习美国的生活方式的最好方法是让她和美国的孩子在一起。3A.rich BproudCtiny Dpopular答案C由上文中的“She was really small for her age of 12”可知，她是一个“瘦小”(tiny)的女孩。4A.come BfallCfit Dtie答案C由上文中讲到同学们总是嘲笑这个女孩，且收养女孩的父母也想让女孩和美国的孩子待在一起可知，作者想帮她与同学们“合得来”(fit in)。5A.manner BpatternCchoice Dway答案D如何帮她适应我们，这需要一个“方法”(way)。6A.read BtakenCopened Dput答案C作者看到Suzy把地理书“打开”(opened)到带火车图片的一页。7A.free BperfectCfinal Dextra答案B由下文中的“its wonderful” “Im sure youve all noticed the wonderful posters”可知，她的摹本是“完美的”(perfect)。8A.art BtalkCquiz Dtalent答案D由下文中的“On the day of the talent show”可知，她可以为即将举行的“达人”(talent)秀做点什么。9A.colored BwrittenCcarved Ddrawn答案D由上文中的“and in her notebook, she had made a(n)_7_ copy”可知，作者向Miss Parker展示了Suzy所“画”(drawn)的。10A.at BafterCfor Daround答案C根据语境可知，此处表示她“为”(for)达人秀画的海报。11A.room BtimeCpaper Dinterest答案B根据上文中的“I need more of these”及前后语境可知，需要制作的海报很多，但Miss Parker没有足够的“时间”(time)。12A.gifts BbooksCphotos Dposters答案D由上文中的“showed us a poster”和下文中“youve all noticed the wonderful posters”可知，Suzy的“海报”(posters)到处都是。13A.special BacademicCnational Droyal答案A根据语境可知，此处表示我们设立了一个“特殊的”(special)奖项。academic“学术的”，national“全国的”，royal“高贵的”，均不符合语境。14A.painted BfoundCprinted Dcollected答案A由下文中的“Who in our school could draw_15_ well”可知，此处表示我们中的一位同学“画”(painted)了它们。15A.very BthatCquite Dtoo答案B此处表示在我们学校谁会画得如此好？that表示“(用以强调程度)那么”，符合语境。very表示“很，非常”；quite表示“相当”；too表示“太”。16A.If BThoughCUnless DSince答案D由上下文语境可知，“因为”(since)这位学生的海报画得如此卖力，她应该得奖，此处表示因果关系，应用since。17A.prize BrankCrest Dplace答案A由上文中的“we have a(n) _13_ award” 可知，她应得到一个“奖”(prize)。18A.replied BrealizedCremembered Dregretted答案B当作者看到她激动万分的脸庞时，作者“意识到”(realized)，她在整个人生中可能从未“拥有”(owned)过什么。19A.offered BvaluedCowned Dcontrolled答案C参见上题解析。20A.clap BwaveCraise Dshake答案A由下文中的“Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening”可知，此处指每个人都开始“鼓掌”(clap)。Cloze 3 限时：16分钟One night, when I was eight, my mother gently asked me a questionI would never forget. “Sweetie, my company wants to_1_me but needsme to work in Brazil. This is like your teacher telling you that youvedone_2_and allowing you to skip a grade (跳级),but youll have to_3_ your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher？” She gave me ahug and asked me to think about it. I was puzzled. The question kept me_4_for the rest of the night. I had said“yes” but for the first time, I realized the_5_decisions adults had to make. For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil everyday. Every evening Id_6_wait for the phone to ring and then tellher every detail of my day.A phone call,however, could neverreplace her_7_and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times. During my fourthgrade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visither. Looking at her large_8_apartment, I became_9_how lonelymy mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then _10_ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on _11_familyand work. _12_ difficult decisions, she used to tellme, you wouldntknow whether you made the right choice, but you could always makethe best out of the situation, with passion and a _13_ attitude. Back home, I _14_ myself that what my mother could do, Icould, too. If she _15_ to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, couldlearn to be_16_. I learnt how to take care of myself and set highbut achievable_17_.My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the_18_ has really taught me. Sacrifices _19_ in the end. The separation between us has proved to be a_20_for me.母亲离开家人一个人在巴西生活的经历使作者感悟到要学会独立，照顾好自己。1A.attract BpromoteCsurprise Dpraise答案B由下文母亲比喻作者跳级的问题可知，母亲要升职，但是要到巴西工作。promote意为“提升，晋升”。2A.little BmuchCwell Dwrong答案C本句中的“allowing you to skip a grade(跳级)”表明老师说孩子做得好，因此选well。3A.leave BrefuseCcontact Dforgive答案A因为需要跳到高一年级学习，所以要离开(leave)昔日的朋友。4A.explaining BsleepingCwondering Dregretting答案C根据上文的“I was puzzled”可知，作者对这个问题不是很清楚，因此后半夜作者一直在思考这个问题。keep me wondering表示”使我冥思苦想”。5A.poor BtimelyCfinal Dtough答案D根据第三段中的“the tough choices”可知，这里指成年人必须作的艰难(tough)决定。6A.eagerly BpolitelyCnervously Dcuriously答案A下文中作者谈到想告诉母亲他每天的细节，由此可知，他每天晚上渴望地(eagerly)等电话响。7A.patience BpresenceCintelligence Dinfluence答案B上文提到了母亲离开家到巴西工作，因此母亲不在这里。presence表示“出席，到场”。8A.comfortable BexpensiveCempty Dmodern答案C由下文中的“how lonely my mother must have been”可知，作者看到的是母亲住在空旷的(empty)公寓中。9A.interested in Baware ofCdoubtful about Dsatisfied with答案B看到母亲生活的空旷的公寓，作者意识到(aware of)母亲一定很孤独。10A.when BwhereCwhich Dthat答案D这是一个强调句式，句中强调了时间状语“then”，因此选that，构成强调句式。11A.abandoning BbalancingCcomparing Dmixing答案B由句中的“tough choices”可知，作者理解了母亲在平衡家庭和工作上所作的艰难选择。balance是及物动词，表示“使均衡”。12A.Depending on BSupplied withCFaced with DInsisting on答案C在困难面前，她过去常常告诉作者。faced with表示“面临”。13A.different BfriendlyCpositive Dgeneral答案C由连词“and”可知，该空所填词与“passion”意思相近，再根据上文的“difficult decisions”可知，应用满腔的热情、积极的(positive)态度去应对困难。14A.criticized BinformedCwarned Dreminded答案D回到家中，作者经常提醒自己母亲能做到的，他也能做到。remind表示“提醒”。15A.managed BofferedCattempted Dexpected答案A作者到巴西时，母亲已经在那里生活了一段时间，因此选manage。manage to do sth.表示“设法做成了某事”。16A.grateful BenergeticCindependent Dpractical答案C看到母亲一个人生活在巴西，作者认为自己也能学会独立(independent)。17A.examples BlimitsCrules Dgoals答案D作者学着照顾自己，并制订高的但可以实现的目标，句中的“set”和“achievable”暗示着这里指目标(goals)。18A.question BexperienceChistory Doccasion答案B由上文的“My mother is now back with us”可知，这里指作者的母亲一个人在巴西生活的经历(experience)。19A.pay off Bcome backCrun out Dturn up答案A因为母亲的离开，作者学会了独立生活，因此这样的付出得到了回报。pay off表示“取得成功，奏效”。20A.blessing BgatheringCfailure Dpleasure答案A与母亲两地分离是不幸的，但是作者感悟很深，也培养了自己的独立性，因此这里是因祸得福。blessing“幸事，福气”符合语境。Cloze 4 限时：17分钟Are Mobile Phones Taking Over Our Lives?I recently visited London and travelled on the tube while I was there. Apart from the people_1_， almost everybody else was on their phones, and because of the nature of the tube, it is difficult not to see_2_ what they are all doing. Of course, being _3_ it is difficult to get any signal, which rules out texting or using the Internet, _4_there is still plenty you can use your phones for. People were playing_5_， reading articles and listening to music, and Im sure that as soon as they_6_ from the train station they would start texting or calling or checking their emails. There is a constant_7_ to everyone in the world, _8_you have a mobile phone in your hand.Recently, my smartphone broke and had to be _9_ to the warehouse for _10_ for a week or so. In the meantime I had to use a really _11_， basic phone just to keep in touch with my family and friends. All I could do on this phone was send_12_， make calls and play one game. And I loved it. I loved being free from the Internet, and I really didnt mind not having constant_13_ about what my friends were doing or what the latest celebrity story was. It was quite _14_ and it allowed me to spend more time _15_ my surroundingsI could _16_ my time in London more, for example, and I could watch the people around me and really see what was going on._17_， I knew that as soon as I got my smartphone back I would be one of those people once again, _18_ to finding out what everyone is doing and_19_ my time playing games or checking social network sites. Perhaps I should just go back to use the basic phone and _20_ I ever got my smartphone back.作者在伦敦旅游期间发现，地铁上人们几乎个个都在玩手机，这引发了作者的反思：手机真的要掌控我们的生活吗？1A.present Basleep Cdisabled Dopposite答案B根据生活常识可知，不少人会利用乘坐地铁、汽车、火车的时间打盹休息。除了睡觉(asleep)之外，其他乘客几乎都在玩手机。2A.exactly Bcarefully Cimmediately Dsensitively答案A由于地铁的性质(在地铁上就像在公交车上一样，人挨人地坐着)，要想不看清楚(exactly)别人在干什么，是很难的。3A.crowded Bfaraway Coutdoors Dunderground答案D根据常识可知，地铁是修建在城市“地下”(underground)的，故信号不好。4A.and BbutCso Dor答案B地铁里信号不好，这使得发信息或上网不太可能，但(but)还是有很多事情可以使用手机做的。前后为转折关系。5A.cards Brecords Cgames Djokes答案C使用手机打牌，也属于play games，显然games可以包括A以及很多类似的活动。下一段第三句“All I could do on this phone was send _12_， make calls and play one game.”中的game也是提示信息。6A.survived Bseparated Csuffered Demerged答案D此处指人们只要从地铁站出来就会开始发短信、打电话或查收他们的邮件。emerge“出现，摆脱”。7A.approach BconnectionCaccess Dcommunication答案B有了手机(收发短信、接打电话和收发电子邮件)，我们就可以保持与世界上每个人持续不断的“联系”(connection)。8A.as far as Bas long as Cas soon as Das well as答案Bas far as“远到，据，就而言”；as long as“只要”，表示条件；as soon as“一就”，表示时间；as well as“此外，又”，表示添加。与外界保持联系的“前提”是你手中要有一部手机，前后为条件与结果的关系。故选B。9A.given away Bleft behindCsent off Dsold out答案C根据前文中的“my smartphone broke”可知，作者的智能手机坏了。根据下段首句中的“as soon as I got my smartphone back I would be one of those people once again”可知，作者会再次拿回智能手机。综合上下文信息可推知，智能手机坏了之后需要返修返回到商家或厂家修理。be sent off“送去，拿去，寄去”。故选C。10A.change Brecycle Crepair Duse答案C参见上题解析。repair“修理，维修”。11A.cheap Bfamiliar Cmodern Dold答案D根据上句可知，作者的智能手机坏了，返修需要一周左右的时间。这期间，作者只好找出原来的“旧”(old)手机凑合凑合。故选D。12A.emails BmessagesCphotos Dsignals答案B旧手机只能发“信息”(messages)、接打电话和玩一个游戏。故选B。13A.actions Bworries Cupdates Dcomplaints答案C不能上网，就无法持续不断地获得有关朋友或名人的“最新消息”，即最新的“更新”(updates)。故选C。接下来的“the latest”是提示信息。14A.boring Bembarrassing Cinspiring Drefreshing答案D不能上网，自然就没有以前那么累，休息得好，体力精力“恢复得好”(refreshing)，精神焕发。故选D。15A.getting across Blooking after Ctaking in Dthinking about答案Cget across“使理解，(使)被接受”；look after“照顾，照看”；take in“吸收，领会，欺骗，接纳”；think about“考虑，琢磨”。手机不能上网，作者就可以多花些时间来观光、欣赏周围的风景。此处take in my surroundings意为“欣赏周围的风景”。16A.cost Benjoy Cwaste Dsave答案B此处指作者可以更多地享受(enjoy)在伦敦的时间。17A.However BInstead COtherwise DTherefore答案A上段主要讲述作者智能手机坏了之后，使用
展开阅读全文