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Unit 2 English around the world .阅读理解A(2017浙江)FLORENCE,Italy Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt.The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly,but in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits,or in some cases,citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become a more vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say its only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation,seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants,and some terms are even tougher.The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy,which has a much weaker tradition of immigration,has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.In 1990,immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italys then 56.7 million people,or about 2 percent.At the start of this year,foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million,or 7.5 percent,with immigrants children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.Cojochru,the Moldovan caregiver,hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy;they live with her sister in Moldova,where salaries are among the lowest in Europe.She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider,even though shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently,she said.【语篇导读】本文报道了意大利最近采取的一项限制移民的措施,即要求移民通过一项语言考试来获得工作条件,甚至居民身份。1.Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?A.To continue to stay in Italy.B.To teach her children Italian.C.To find a better job in Italy.D.To better mix with the Italians.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test.” 可知她参加考试的原因是证明自己的语言技能从而能继续留在意大利,故A项正确。2.Some people worry that the new language requirement may .A.reduce Italys population quicklyB.cause conflicts among peopleC.lead to financial difficultiesD.put pressure on schools答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration.”可知,糟糕的经济状况已经让本土人很难保住工作,而这样一项措施使得移民压力变大,可能会导致排外而不是融合,故B项正确。3.What do we know about Cojochru?A.She lives with her sister now in Italy.B.She enjoys learning the Italian language.C.She speaks Italian well enough for her job.D.She wishes to go back to her home country.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently.”可知,她能熟练地讲意大利语,故C项正确。B项在文中未提到;A、D两项和文章倒数第二段内容矛盾。BGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle,twinkle,little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks and the Three Bears.We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for ones future development.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了成年人对小时候学会的东西会记忆犹新,这是之前重复学习、过度学习的结果。作者认为重复学习、过度学习有其一定的优点。4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知,第一段讲的是人们对小时候学会的东西记得很好,尽管从那以后再也没有练习过。故选A项。B项“孩子比成年人的记忆力好”,C项“读诗是学单词的好方法”和D项“儿童故事容易记住”在文中均没有提及。5.The author explains the law of overlearning by .A.presenting research findingsB.setting down general rulesC.making a comparisonD.using examples答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知,作者是在结合具体的例子来阐述自己的观点。故选D项。A项“展示调查结果”,B项“制定通用规则”和C项“作比较”在文中均没有表现出来。6.According to the author,being able to use multiplication tables is .A.a result of overlearningB.a special case of crammingC.a skill to deal with math problemsD.a basic step towards advanced studies答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“.because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知,能够使用乘法口诀表是童年时期过度学习的结果。故选A项。B项“一个突击学习的特例”,C项“一项处理数学问题的技能”和D项“一个迈向高等教育的基本步骤”在文中均没有提及。7.What is the authors opinion on cramming?A.It leads to failure in college exams.B.Its helpful only in a limited way.C.Its possible to result in poor memory.D.It increases students learning interest.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句“By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知,突击学习或许会使学生把一门课程学得足以通过考试,但是他很快就会忘记几乎全部的所学内容,因此突击学习的作用是有限的。故选B项。由文章最后一段第一、二句可知,突击学习会让学生通过考试,故A项“它导致大学考试不及格”错误,C项“它可能导致记忆力不好”和D项“它会提高学生的学习兴趣”在文中均没有提及。.七选五(2018浙江)Some people are so rude.Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”?Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you?Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet?1.Maybe Im the rude one for not appreciating lifes little courtesies (礼节).But many social norms (规范) just dont make sense to people drowning in digital communication.Take the thank-you note.Daniel Post Senning,a coauthor of Emily Posts Etiquette,asked,“At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”2. Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages.In texts,you dont have to declare who you are or even say hello.E-mail,too,is slower than a text.The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.This isnt the first time technology has changed our manners.3. Alexander Graham Bell,the inventor,suggested that people say,“Ahoy!” Finally,hello won out,and the victory sped up the greetings use in face-to-face communications.In the age of the smart phone,there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast,a businesss phone number,or directions to a house,a restaurant,or an office,which can be easily found on a digital map.4. And when you answer,they respond with a thank-you e-mail.How to handle these differing standards?Easy:Consider your audience.Some people,especially older ones,appreciate a thank-you message.5. In traditional societies,the young learn from the old.But in modern societies,the old can also learn from the young.Heres hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.A.Then there is voice mail.B.Others,like me,want no reply.C.But people still ask these things.D.Dont these people realize that theyre wasting your time?E.Wont new technology bring about changes in our daily life?F.Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.G.When the telephone was invented,people didnt know how to greet a caller.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了关于智能手机时代仍然需要礼貌的话题。1.D根据上一句“Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet?”可知,这么容易在网络上找到的信息,何必需要再来问别人呢?所以选D项“这些人难道没有意识到他们在浪费你的时间吗?”2.A根据“.to listen to.The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.”可知,更烦人的是语音信息,故选A项。3.G由上文提到的“.the first time technology”和下文提到的“Alexander Graham Bell,the inventor”可知,最初电话发明的时候,人们不知道如何通过电话打招呼,故选G项。4.C由“.no reason to ask once-acceptable questions”和下文的“.when you answer.”可知,智能手机时代,人们还在问类似简单的问题,所以选C项。5.B根据该段“.Some people.”等知,很多人,特别是老年人,希望能得到感谢的信息,但还有些人并不一定需要回应,所以选B项。.语篇填空(2018吉林长春一模)Jin Hanmiao,a first grader from China,received a reply letter from Buckingham Palace 1.(recent) after writing to introduce the China-Britain express railway service.The letter is based 2. the 19-day journey of the first China-U.K.freight(货运)train.3.(see) the news of its return to Yiwu,Jins mother encouraged him to write about it and then send the letter to Queen Elizabeth .In his letter,Jin introduced 4.(he) and Yiwu,as well as his hope 5. the Queen would appreciate 6.(tradition) Chinese culture.He also expressed his interest in the U.K.,after mentioning some British famous persons and places including Isaac Newton,Charles Darwin,and the British Museum.He then sent his letter to the Queen.Jins mother helped translate the letter into English,and sent both the original letter and the translation to London on May 8.Two months 7.(late),a reply from Buckingham Palace 8.(receive).The letter talked about the living and working conditions of the Queen at 9. early age,and included a detailed 10.(introduce) of the Palace.答案与解析【语篇导读】这篇短文介绍一个中国小学生致信英国女王伊丽莎白二世,两个月后收到白金汉宫回信的事。1.recently考查副词。根据语境可知,Jin Hanmiao在写了中国英国高速铁路服务后,收到了一封来自白金汉宫的回信。此空在句中修饰谓语received,应用副词。故填recently。2.on考查介词。句意:这封信是有关跋涉19天的中英货运列车。be based on“根据,以为基础”。故填on。3.Seeing考查动词-ing形式。句意:在看到列车返回义乌的新闻后,金汉邈的母亲鼓励他就此写封信寄给女王伊丽莎白二世。此处是分词做状语,根据逻辑主语Jins mother与see构成主谓关系可知,应用动词-ing形式做状语。故填Seeing。4.himself考查代词。句意:在他的信中,金介绍了自己和义乌,以及他希望女王能欣赏中国传统文化。此处意思为自我介绍,故填himself。5.that考查连词。根据句意及句子结构分析,设空处后面是同位语从句,可知答案为that。6.traditional考查形容词。根据句意可知此处表示“传统中国文化”,故填traditional。7.later考查副词。根据语境可知寄出信两个月后收到回信,故填later。8.was received考查被动语态。句意:两个月后,他们收到了白金汉宫的回信。根据句子结构可知,receive与主语a reply之间是被动关系,并且根据短文时态判断用一般过去时,主语是单数第三人称。故填was received。9.an考查冠词。句意:信中提到了早年女王的生活和工作条件,并详细介绍了王室的情况。at an early age是固定搭配,表示“早年间”,early读音以元音音素开头,前面用不定冠词an。10.introduction考查名词。此处表示对王室的详细介绍,应用名词做宾语。故填introduction。6
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