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专题04 介词精讲深剖真题速递单句语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）Modem methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。2. （2019全国III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。3.（2019浙江卷）The answer _ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。4.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking，cycling or swimming.than 【答案】than【解析】考查介词。根据句中的more可知，此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。故填than。5.（2018全国II卷）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 【答案】than【解析】考查介词。由空前的less可知，此处应用介词than，表示“比”。6.（2018全国III卷）I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。search for意为“寻找”，为固定搭配。7.（2017全国I卷）This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】as【解析】考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。句意：这一趋势是由医学界(医学界)发起的一种对抗心脏病的方法，它产生了一些意想不到的副作用，例如超重和心脏病这正是医学界所努力对抗的。8.（2017全国II卷）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。travel to and from work上下班。句意：它的路程还不到7公里却避免了路面上因为上下班而拥挤的人群。9.（2017全国III卷）After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。句意：毕业后，她计划在上大学获得学位、工程学或建筑学之前，先请一年的假去做全职模特。单句改错1.（2019全国II卷）When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal and decided to be a doctor. 【答案】故在high school前加in/at【解析】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。2.（2019全国III卷） I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty. 【答案】去掉like。【解析】考查介词。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。3.（2018全国I卷）At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years，but he agreed. 【答案】去掉for。【解析】考查介词。惯用语every two years意为“每隔两年”，其前不用介词，故介词for多余。4.（2018全国II卷）Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. 【答案】for改为with【解析】考查介词。表示“和某人玩”习惯用play .with sb.，故将for改为with。5.（2017全国I卷）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 【答案】on改为of【解析】考查介词。in the middle of.在的中间，是固定搭配。6.（2017全国II卷）They have also bought for some gardening tools 【答案】去掉for【解析】考查介词。 表示“买某物”直接用buy sth.。buy还可用于buy sb.sth.或buy sth.for sb.，表示“为某人买某物”。7.（2017全国III卷）When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. 【答案】去掉of【解析】考查介词。realize认识到，意识到，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，不需要接介词。考纲解读介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond。另外，for作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。知识梳理一、介词with的用法主要意义例句“和在一起”，“由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。“随着”With time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。with后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。“具有；带有；包括在内”China is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling with fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。【考题印证】单句语法填空(2016浙江，16)In this article，you need to back up general statements _ specific examples.【答案】with【解析】句意：在这篇文章中，你需要具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结构可知这里用介词with表示“用”【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _their hands.【答案】with【解析】用手吃饭，应用介词with。单句改错【变式探究】(2015新课标)Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted. 【答案】with【解析】句意：不幸的是，随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。on表示“在方面”，with表示“随着”。根据句意可知，指两件事情伴随而行，应用with。（2018全国II卷）Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. 【答案】for改为with【解析】考查介词。表示“和某人玩”习惯用play .with sb.，故将for改为with。二、介词短语1动词介词短语含义account for说明 agree on对达成协议 begin with以开始come across碰见go into调查keep from阻止look for寻找stand for代表agree with 同意(某人意见)wait for等待decide on对作出决定head for向前进live on靠生活look into调查stick to坚持agree to同意(某种安排等)aim at针对call for要求get into进入【考题印证】语法填空（2018全国卷)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.【答案】for【解析】search for寻找，为固定搭配。【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【答案】on【解析】focus on集中于，故填on。(2016天津，14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry _ a conversation with her.【答案】on【解析】句意：我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行，从事”，符合句意。2动词副词介词短语含义add up to合计达come up with提出get on with与相处融洽look down upon看不起look up to敬仰(某人)put up with忍受come up against遭到反对do away with废除keep up with跟上look forward to盼望make up for弥补stand out for坚决要求come up to达到get down to开始认真考虑live up to不辜负(期望)look out for当心run out of用完stick out for坚持要求dream of梦想做某事【考题印证】(2016新课标，64)But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first.【答案】to【解析】句意：但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到20世纪80年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候，那是我第一次。go back to“追溯到”，是固定短语。3 动词名词介词短语含义catch sight of突然看见make room for为腾出地方take pride in以为荣make friends with和交朋友pay attention to注意show interest in对感兴趣make fun of取笑take care of照顾take part in参加【特别提醒】揭密常考的介词短语1 at的用法含义及用法例句用在表示地点、场合、方位等的名词：前表示“在某处”Ill pick you up at the airport at 2 o clock this afternoon.今天下午两点我会到机场接你用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、岁、时节等的名词前He left school at（ the age of）16他16岁便离开了学校。表示“以，按（价格、速度、数量等）”Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book.以正常价格收取门票费，无须预约。表示“因而； 听到看到想： 到就We were frightened at the terrible sight看到这可怕的景象，我们被吓到了。表示“朝，向（某方： 向、目标）”He shot at the bird but missed it他向那只鸟射击，但是没射中。表示“在方面”Shes hopeless at managing people.她对人事管理一窍不通含有at的短语短语含义at a time一次at least至少at the same time同时at all costs不惜一切代价at most至多at times有时候at first最初at once立即at last最后at present目前at work起作用【考题印证】【变式探究】(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _the same time，they warm up again for the night.【答案】At【解析】at the same time与此同时，故应用介词at。2 by的用法含义及用法例句(时间）不迟于，在之前 He is sure to come by three oclock.他三点之前肯定会来.（位置）靠近，在旁边附近On a cold evening, it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚，坐在炉火旁边很舒服。表示“（标准、度量、数量）根据，按照，以计算”，常用结构为“bythe单数可数名词”They sell eggs by the dozen.他们按打卖鸡蛋。We rent the car by the day.我们按天租用汽车。（表示程度、数量）： 相差We lost the match by one goal.我们以一球之差输了这场比赛。经过，经由They came in by the back door.他们是从后门进来的。靠，用，通过（某种：方法、手段） You can reserve the tickets by phone.你可以通过电话订票。被由”（常置于表被动的动词后，后接动作的 执行者）He was knocked down by a car他被一辆小汽车撞倒了。含有by的短语短语含义by accident偶然by day/night白天/夜间by heart能背诵by turns轮流by birth出身by no means绝不by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下【考题印证】【变式探究】(2015陕西卷)The little pupil took his grandma _the arm and walked her across the street.【答案】by【解析】take sb.by the arm，挽着某人的胳膊，应用介词by。(2015新课标，66)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.【答案】by【解析】句意：然而，我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，坐车只需要一个小时的路程乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式，by car“开车”。3 含有in的短语短语含义in a sense从某种意义上说in case万一；如果in fact实际上in ones opinion在某人看来in other words换句话说in short总之in the long run从长远来看in advance事先；提前in store必将发生in general一般说来in no time立刻in public公开地in vain徒劳in time及时in the meantime同时in danger处于危险中in turn轮流in order井井有条in return作为回报in the end最后in all总共【考题印证】【变式探究】(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.【答案】in【解析】此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在方面”。考生可能会误用on和about，这两个介词本意为“关于”。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。4 含有on的短语短语含义on average平均on foot步行on sale在出售on the way在途中on business出差on holiday在休假on strike罢工on time准时on duty值日on behalf of代表on the contrary相反on the spot当场on fire着火on purpose故意地on the other hand另一方面【考题印证】【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【答案】on【解析】focus on集中于，故填on。句意：我们大多数人都是早上比一天晚些时候更专注工作。5 含有out of的短语短语含义out of breath气喘吁吁 out of date过时out of order发生故障out of patience失去耐心out of work失业out of control失去控制out of doors在户外out of question毫无疑问out of reach拿不到out of the question不可能out of danger脱险out of fashion不合时尚out of luck倒霉out of shape变形out of touch失去联系6 for的用法含义例句（表示目的或功能）为了Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work?你学英语是出于消还是为了工作？（表示对象或用途）给，对The problem was that it was too expensive for everyday use.问题是这对日常使用来说太贵了。（表示原因）因为，由于 Bill was arrested for dangerous driving比尔因危险驾驶而被拘捕（表示时间、距离、数量）达，计We drove for miles before we found a gas station我们开车数英里后才找到一个加油站。（表示等值或比例关系）换取He agreed to pay30 dollars for the picture他答应付300美元买下那幅面。支持，赞成How many people voted for the proposal？有多少人支持这项提议？至于，关于，就而言Its cold for the time of year.在一年的这个时节天气是冷了些。（表示去向）往，向（表示陈述或问题：的对象）适于，适合于A few days later she would be leaving for New York过几天她就要去组约了。Im sure shes the ideal person for the job.我确信她是这个职位的理想人选。【考题印证】【变式探究】(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _more than two years.【答案】for【解析】考查短语for时间段，故应用介词for。【谨记规则】（一）介词与动词构成的搭配短语含义call for需要pay for要付款apply for申请search for找，搜索wait for等待begin with 开始play with一起玩；玩弄care about介意feel like想要hold up举起rely on依靠pass by经过figure out想出dream of梦想listen to听refer to参考；查阅contribute to有助于；促成；贡献laugh at嘲笑chargefor为要价exchange for用来交换go back to 追溯到focus on集中于【考题印证】(2018全国)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.【答案】for【解析】search for寻找，为固定搭配。(2016全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back my days on TV show in the mid-1980s【答案】to【解析】go back to追溯到，为固定搭配。句意:但是我和熊猫的关系可以追溯到我在上世纪80年代中期的电视节目中。(2014辽宁高考) OK.Dont laugh me. I may look funny.【答案】at【解析】laugh at嘲笑，为固定搭配。(2014广东高考) I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit had already been charged the reservation.【答案】for【解析】charge for为要价，为固定搭配。句意：我不明白为什么会发生这种情况，而且我的信用已经被收取了预订费。（二）介词与名词构成的搭1atn表示状态短语含义at a loss不知所措at peace处于和平状态at war 处于战争中at work在工作【考题印证】（2015全国卷II）When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night.【答案】at【解析】at the same time同时，为固定搭配。句意：当新的一天开始，墙壁已经释放了它们的热量，现在已经够冷，能够使房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽；同时，它们又可以温暖一整夜。2其他以at开头的介词短语短语含义at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以的代价at the risk of冒危险at the mercy of在支配下；任摆布3onn表示状态短语含义on exhibition/show在展出on fire着火on sale出售，打折on the way在途中on the decrease increase在减少在增加on holiday/vacation在度假on the top of 在顶端【考题印证】单句改错（2016.6月浙江高考）While they chatted,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.【答案】in改为on【解析】on the top of 在顶部，为固定搭配。句意：当他们聊天的时候，父亲会把我妹妹和我抱起来，坐在冰箱的顶部。考点精讲“2策略”秒解语法填空题1.分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。【思路点拨】1. She patted him the head and said, My little boy, do you feel comfortable now than before?”【答案】on【解析】考查介词。此句中不缺少宾语，在名词the head前填介词。hit / beat + sb.+ on/in + the +身体部位这样的结构(其中的定冠词不可用物主代词代替).如果打在坚硬结实的部位(如head, shoulder, back等),前面常用介词on;如果打在柔软多肉的部位, (如leg, eye, face等)前面常用介词in.e.g. hit him on the head/ shoulder/backhit him in the face /eyes/right leg2. Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. these proverbs there are often interesting stories.【答案】behind【解析】考查介词。此句中不缺少主语和表语，在名词these proverbs 前填介词。根据句意“汉语谚语丰富，至今仍广泛应用于中国人的日常生活中。这些谚语背后往往右很多有趣的故事。”故填behind。3.If you could exchange lives someone for a short time, would you like to do that?【答案】with【解析】考查介词。此句中不缺少此句中不缺少主语和宾语，在代词someone 前填介词。又因为exchange sth with sb 跟某人交换某物，故填with。句意：如果你能在短时间内和别人交换生活，你愿意这样做吗？4.Atkinsdog, Otis, waited the nearby bushes uneasily.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。此句中不缺少此句中不缺少主语和宾语，在名词the nearby bushes前填介词，又根据句意“阿特金斯的狗奥蒂斯在附近的灌木丛中不安地等待着”，故填in。2记牢搭配（1）注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；（2）注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或 without。【思路点拨】5.As a result, he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannot write means of a pen or pencil.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。by means of用方式，是固定搭配。句意：结果，他在轮椅上度过了一生，不能用笔或铅笔写字。故填by。6. But wild today disappears or is danger just because humans do harm to it.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。in danger处于危险中，是固定搭配。句意：但今天的野生动物消失或处于危险中仅仅是因为人类对它的伤害。故填in。7. But one day I came a sentence in the Bible“Do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself, let the days own trouble be sufficient for the day.”【答案】across【解析】考查介词。come across遇见，碰到，是固定搭配。句意：但有一天，我遇到圣经中的一句话：“不要为明天担忧，因为明天会为自己而焦虑，今天的烦恼已经足够多了。”故填across。8. The effect that music can have our emotions is tremendous, as it can bring people to floods of tears orbursts of laughter.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。have effect on，对有影响,是固定搭配。句意：音乐对我们的情感的影响是巨大的，因为它不仅能让人们泪如雨下也能让人们捧腹大笑。故填on。9. Many times we don t realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them granted until we find ourselves in a new situation.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。take sth/sb for granted认为某人/某物理应如此,是固定搭配。句意：很多时候，直到我们发现自己处于一个新的环时，我们才意识到我们的生活变得有多么的日常和我们有多大程度上认为它们是理所当然的。10. The teacher paused purpose to remind the students to stop talking.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。on purpose故意 ,是固定搭配。句意：老师故意停下来提醒学生停止讲话。故填on。11. While teens become busy their studies, it is very important to develop a hobby, which can not only give them fun and rest but also broaden their horizons.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。be/become busy with sth忙于做某事 ,是固定搭配。句意：尽管青少年学习忙碌，但是培养一种爱好也是非常重要的，它不仅能给他们带来乐趣和休息，而且还能开阔他们的视野。故填with。12.First,they care social concerns.【答案】about【解析】考查介词。care about关心某事 ,是固定搭配。句意：首先，他们关心社会问题。故填about。“三视角”破解短文改错题一介词的漏用1.如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前经常是缺少介词；2.某些不及物动词后漏加介词，以及某些短语中介词缺失，如look(at), listen (to), take care (of), be fit(for)，according（to）等。【思路点拨】1. When the old man came back,the smell of the whisky reminded him the accident. 【答案】him 后加of【解析】考查介词。remind sb of sth提醒某人某事。句意：当老人回来的时候，威士忌的味道让他想起了那个事故。故加上of。2. Only if we are fully prepared the challenge both mentally and physically can we overcome the difficulties. 【答案】prepared后加for【解析】考查介词。prepared for sth 为某事而准备。句意：只有我们做好充分的心理和身体准备，我们才能克服这些困难。故加上for。3. Im very glad to receive your e-mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with. 【答案】your后加for【解析】考查介词。arrange sth for sb为某人安排某事。句意：我很高兴收到您询问有关我们安排您入住的寄宿家庭的信息的电子邮件。二介词的多余1.不该用介词的短语中用了介词，如 next year常写成in next year；2.有些及物动词后多加了介词，如 enter the room错写成enter into the room, return my book错写成return back/to my book等。【思路点拨】4. One of them, who seemed in his thirties, praised on me for my self-confidence. 【答案】去掉on【解析】考查介词。praise是及物动词,其后可以直接接宾语，故on多余。句意：他们中的一个看起来三十多岁的人表扬了我的自信。5. Gradually, I became interested in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. 【答案】去掉into【解析】考查介词。enter是及物动词，可以直接接宾语，故into多余。句意：渐渐地，我对生物学产生了兴趣，当我进入大学的时候，我选择了学习生物。6. But on today, at this special time, I just want to tell you loudly: I love you, Mom! 【答案】去掉on【解析】考查介词。today可以当副词做时间状语，意为“（在）今天”，故on多余。句意：但是今天，在这个特殊的时刻，我只想大声地告诉你：妈妈，我爱你！三介词的误用1.on，in，at等介词的基本用法或基础词义的混用；2.固定搭配中的介词的误用；3.“介词十关系代词”中介词的误用；4.受汉语思维影响误把介词当连词。【思路点拨】7. I also do well at speaking English. 【答案】at改成in【解析】考查介词。do well in sth在某方面擅长。句意：我也擅长说英语。8. Its the relationship among my deskmate and me. 【答案】among改成between【解析】考查介词。My daskmate and me 是两者之间，故用between,among指三者及三者以上之间。故把among改成between。句意：那是我和我同桌之间的关系。9. There was one on Id always wanted. 【答案】on改成in【解析】考查介词。in particular 特别，尤其。句意：这有一个我特别想要的。故把on改成in。10. For his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made mistakes in their performances. 【答案】For 改成In【解析】考查介词。in ones opinion 在某人看来。句意：他认为，在演出时即使演员们觉得自己的表现出了错误，他们也应该继续表演。故把For 改成In。11. Not only is he strict with his teaching but also he is kind and patient to everybody. 【答案】with 改成in【解析】考查介词。be strict with sb 对某人要求严格；be strict in sth对某事要求严格。根据句意“他不仅严格教学严格，而且还和善和耐心地对待每个人。”，故把with 改成in。12. In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. 【答案】during改成when【解析】考查介词。“they came over to play or do homework with me”是个句子，得用连词来引导，而during是个介词，不能引导句子，又根据句意“事实上，当我的同学来我家跟我玩或者一起写家庭作业时，他甚至把他们吓跑了。”故把during改成when。模拟训练 一单句语法填空1.（云南省2019高三第二次质检）Chinas high-speed trains are similar those of Frances TGV,Germans ICE and Japans shinkansen.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。be similar to 与相似。根据句意“中国的高速列车类似于法国的TGV，德国的ICE和日本的新干线。”故填to。2. （山东省安丘市、诸城市、五莲县、兰山区2019届高三4月模拟训练）On the Art of Poetry, written _ classical Chinese was issued in 1948.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：论诗歌艺术于1948年出版，是用文言文写成的。“用-语言”应该用介词in，故答案为in。3.（东北三省三校2019届高三第一次模拟）Becoming mainly tells the story about how Michelle has balanced work and family _ a professional woman. 【答案】as【解析】考查介词。根据句意“这本书主要讲述了米歇尔作为一名职业女性是如何平衡工作和家庭的。”可知此处表示“作为”，故填as。4.（东北三省三校2019届高三第二模拟）At the camp, we could choose from abundant activities to enjoy before dinner, _ camel rides, body painting and taking pictures with an eagle. How cool!【答案】like【解析】考查介词。句意：在营地，享受晚餐前，我们可以选择丰富的活动，像骑骆驼，身体彩绘和与鹰拍照。文中在举例，所以填like。5.（吉林省名校2019届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试）Whisky making provides work _ several thousand people in the Scottish Highlands and islands, and whisky is Scotlands biggest goods sold to every corner of the world.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：威士忌为苏格兰高地和岛屿上的几千人提供工作。固定短语provide sth. for sb.“提供某物给某人”，故填介词for。6.（东北三省四市2019届高三第一次模拟）You can use your mobile phone, access _ Internet or work on your laptop.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：同样，你可以在高铁上使用手机，连上互联网，用笔记本办公。本句为短语access to sth得以使用某物，故用to。7.（河南省开封市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟）Non-Hermitian wave engineering is _r
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