2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第19期

2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题_ of a newspaper nor the number of pages in an edition has ever been standardized.问题1选项A.The page size is neitherB.Neither is the page sizeC.The page size, neitherD.Neither the page size【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“neither.nor.”的用法，这是一个表示并列否定的结构，在neither与nor后面各自接的成分在属性上必须保持一致，由题干可知，我们应该要选择一个名词性成分，A项、B项是句子所以排除；因为neither是一般放在句首的，所以C项排除；句意：一份报纸的版面大小和一版的页数都没有标准化。因此，该题正确答案为D。2. 单选题An arrow has a sharp, pointed head with which it perforates its target.问题1选项A.faces towardB.followsC.piercesD.flies toward【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。perforate表示“穿过，穿孔”。A项face toward“正对着”，B项follow“跟随”，C项pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D项fly toward“飞向”；句意：箭头前端很尖锐，可以用它来刺穿目标物。根据句意该题选C。3. 单选题The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies _ ill-informed or incompetent users.问题1选项A.inB.atC.withD.on【答案】C【解析】考查固定词组。A项lie in“在于，睡懒觉”，B项lie没有与at搭配的用法；C项lie with“取决于，是的权利”，D项lie on“位于，压迫，依赖”。句意：目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。故正确答案为C。4. 单选题Do you forget to turn off file lights and heaters when you go out of a room? In 2040 it will not mater. They will turn themselves offand on again when you return. You will choose the temperature for each room, the lighting and the humidity. A sensor will detect the presence of a human (and, with luck, ignore the dog!) and turn the systems on, and when the humans leave it will turn them off again.The sensors will work through the central home computer, and they will do much more than just turn the fires and lights on and off for you. They will detect faulty electrical appliances, plugs or switches, isolate them so that they cannot harm anyone, and then warn you that they need repair. They will detect fire and if you are out of the house, the computer will call the fire brigade. It will also call the police should the sensors detect an intruder. This will not be difficult because the locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using your personal cardthe one you use for shoppingmaybe using a number known only to you.It will be impossible to lose the key, and a housebreaker will have to tamper with the lock or with a window. It is not very difficult to make such tampering send a signal to the computer.The computer will be more than a firemanpoliceman-servant. It will be an entertainer, and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 “entertainment” will mean much more. For one thing, you will be able to take part actively, rather than just watching.51. The author intends to tell us that _.52. Which of the following statements is not true?53. According to the author, in 2040, new technology _.54. Thanks to computers, in 2040 people _.55. The best title for the passage might be _.问题1选项A.in 2040 we will live without the lights and heatersB.in 2040 we will use much more lights and heatersC.in 2040 there will be no switches of lights and heatersD.in 2040 lights and heaters will be on and off automatically问题2选项A.The sensor is multi-functional.B.Without a computer, the sensor cannot do much.C.The sensor will detect fire and make an emergency call.D.You can be taken for an intruder if you tamper with the lock or with a window.问题3选项A.will free us from the keys we use todayB.will turn everything into sensorsC.will make the locks out of dateD.will eliminate all crimes问题4选项A.will have no entertainment outsideB.will replace TV with computersC.will be controlled by computersD.will have more fun at home问题5选项A.Sensors and ComputersB.Life at Home in the Year 2040C.The Development of Science and TechnologyD.Lights and Heaters in the Year 2040【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】51.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者想要告诉我们”。根据文章开篇第二、三句In 2040 it will not mater. They will turn themselves offand on again when you return.（到了2040年，这就不重要了。它们会自动关闭，当你回来的时候再打开）可知，作者想要告诉我们到了2040年，电灯和热水器会自动打开和关闭，因此D项“2040年，电灯和加热器将会自动开关”正确。A项“2040年，我们将生活在没有灯和暖气的情况下”，B项“到2040年，我们将使用更多的灯和加热器”和C项“2040年将不再有电灯和暖气的开关”，都不对，故该题选D。52.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一项是错误的？”。根据第二段第一句The sensors will work through the central home computer, and they will do much more than just turn the fires and lights on and off for you.（传感器将通过中央家庭计算机工作，它们将做更多的事情，而不仅仅是为你打开和关闭火和灯）可知，传感器是多功能的，而且如果没有计算机，传感器做不了多少事情；由此可知A项“传感器是多功能的”和B项“没有计算机，传感器不能做很多事情”正确；C项“传感器将探测到火灾并发出紧急呼叫”，根据第二段第三句They will detect fire and if you are out of the house, the computer will call the fire brigade.（它们会探测到火灾，如果你不在家，电脑就会呼叫消防队）可知，C项也正确；D项“如果你乱动门锁或窗户，你会被认为是入侵者”，第四段提到It will be impossible to lose the key, and a housebreaker will have to tamper with the lock or with a window. It is not very difficult to make such tampering send a signal to the computer.（钥匙是不可能丢的，而破门而入的人就得在锁上或窗户上乱动。要使这种篡改行为向计算机发送信号并不困难），这里只是说如果有闯入者，那么他需要破解门窗锁的密码，这种破解会很轻易地被电脑感知到；而不是说如果你要改变门窗锁你就会被当作闯入者。所以D项不对。故该题选D。53.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者，到2040年新科技会”。A项“将把我们从现在的使用钥匙中解放出来”，第二段最后一句You will open them using your personal cardthe one you use for shoppingmaybe using a number known only to you.（您将使用您的个人卡购物时使用的那张打开它们，可能使用的号码只有您自己知道）可知，到2040年人们将不再使用钥匙来开锁，所以A项正确；B项“将一切都变成传感器”，文中没有提到，且该项太绝对；C项“会使门锁过时”，文中只是说不需要锁了，没有说门锁过时，所以项也不选；D项“将消除所有犯罪”，新科技可以更好的增强防御系统，但是不能消除所有犯罪，太绝对，该项错误。故该题选A。54.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“由于有计算机，到2040年人们将”。最后一段讲到The computer will be more than a firemanpoliceman-servant. It will be an entertainer, and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 “entertainment” will mean much more.（计算机将不仅仅是一个消防员和警察的仆人。它将是一个娱乐，你的大部分娱乐将直接进入你的家。当然，现在是这样，但到2040年，“娱乐”的意义将大得多），由此可知电脑可以在家里提供给人们更多的娱乐；而没说人们不能出门娱乐，或不需要电视，或者被电脑控制，因此A项“在外面没有娱乐”，B项“将用电脑取代电视”和C项“将被计算机控制”均错误；只有D项“在家里会有更多的乐趣”符合题意。故该题选D。55.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的题目是”。全文讲的是2040年科技发展给人们家居生活带来的便利。A项“传感器和计算机”，题目太大，过于总结文章内容；B项“2040年的家庭生活”很好的概括了文章的内容，符合题意；C项“科学技术的发展”偏离了文章主旨；D项“2040年的灯和加热器”过于狭窄，不能表达技术的创新对生活品质的提升。故该题选B。5. 单选题Sand is found in abundance on the seashore and is often blown inland to form sand hills and dunes.问题1选项A.at randomB.at high tideC.in dry moundsD.in great quantities【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in abundance表示“大量的”。A项at random“胡乱地，随便地”，B项at high tide“处于高潮中”，C项in dry mounds“在干土堆中”，D项in great quantities“大量”。句意：海滩上有大量的沙子，经常被吹到内陆形成沙丘和沙山。根据题意该题选D。6. 单选题By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.问题1选项A.branchesB.exercisesC.performanceD.violations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。breach表示“违反，缺口”；A项branch“树枝”，B项exercise“运动，练习”，C项performance“表现，性能”，D项violation“违反，妨碍”。句意：通过提供法律代理，美国公民自由联盟致力于保护公民的公民权利不受侵犯。根据句意该题选D。7. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive; the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National. Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy. Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report, “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions”.Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.56. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that _.57. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _.58. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?59. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?60. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a guideB.a judgeC.a criticD.a protector问题3选项A.Prudent planning hinders progress.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Endless studies kill action.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Take some legislative measures.D.Press for further scientific research.问题5选项A.they both suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to worse【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】56.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“吸烟的支持者提出的论点是”。第一段第三句提到That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life（反对吸烟的游说将毁掉我们的生活方式）可以推断，吸烟的支持者认为他们有选择自己生活方式的自由，因此C项“人们有自由选择自己的生活方式”符合题意。A项“吸烟与死亡之间没有相关的科学证据”，根据第一段第二句the evidence was inconclusive（证据缺乏决定性）可知不是没有相关证据，而是证据缺乏决定性，所以A项错误；根据第一段第四句Lots of Americans thought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves（很多美国人认为吸烟导致人死亡的说法是胡说，在过去的三十年间，大约1000万吸烟者早逝），可知有大约1000万吸烟者早逝这个数量并不是微不足道的，因此B项“过数十年中早逝的烟民数量微不足道”错误；另外美国人是认为吸烟导致人死亡的说法是胡说八道，而不是禁烟者胡说，因此D项“禁烟者通常都是在胡说八道”也不符合题意。故该题选C。57.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据Bruce Alberts，科学可以作为”。根据第二段最后一句But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future（但是科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最好指导）可知，科学可以作为指导，因此A 项“指导”正确。B 项“法官”，C项“批评家”和D 项“保护者”都不符合。故该题选A。58.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者在第四段最后一行说分析导致的瘫痪是什么意思？”。根据第四段第一行提到But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”（但很明显，总统的大多数顾问仍然没有认真对待全球变暖问题。他们没有制定行动计划，而是继续推动更多的研究一个典型的“分析导致瘫痪”的案例）可知，“分析导致瘫痪”的意思是研究阻止了行动的产生，因此C项“无休止的研究扼杀了行动”符合题意。B项“仔细调查揭示真相”和A项“谨慎计划阻碍进步”没有提到，D项“大量的研究有助于决策”，文中只是提到了更多的研究，没有提到研究有助于决策，故该题选C正确。59.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据作者的观点，政府应该如何应对全球变暖？”。根据最后一段第三句If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.（如果政府不采取立法措施，国会应该帮助制定保护措施）可知，在作者的观点中，政府应该采取立法措施，因此C项“采取一些立法措施”符合题意。A项“提供支持，建设清洁发电厂”和B项“提高公众保护意识”都是政府的立法措施能够做到的，因此包括在里面；D项“促进更进一步的科学研究”不是作者想要政府做的，前文提到研究扼杀了行动，因此D项错误；故该题C项正确。60.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者把全球变暖问题和吸烟问题联系起来是因为”。作者在文章第一段讲述科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而怀疑者们坚持认为证据缺乏决定性；第二段接着讲述现在出现了类似的情况，即全球变暖的问题，科学家们试图让我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁与地球气候变暖主要是人为造成的；第三段讲述就如吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整；由此我们可以推断来自吸烟问题的教训可以运用到全球变暖的问题上，因此B项“吸烟问题的教训可以应用于全球变暖的问题上”符合题意。文中只是提到关于全球变暖的问题政府一直采取研究，没有提到吸烟问题上政府的态度，因此A项“两个问题都受到了政府的疏忽”不符合题意；C项“吸烟的结果使全球变暖问题恶化”，文章只是通过吸烟问题引出全球变暖的话题，因此C项错误；D项“两个问题都变得越来越糟糕了”，文中的确讲到两个问题的严重性，但是作者把两个问题联系起来更多的目的还是通过吸烟的问题引出全球变暖的主题，从而引出吸烟问题的教训可以应用到全球变暖的问题上。故该题B项最符合题意。8. 单选题The rice and cotton fields are beset with swarms of pests like rice hopper and pink bollworm.问题1选项A.investedB.infestedC.infectedD.injected【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。Beset表示“困扰，围绕”；A项invest“投资，覆盖”，B项infest“大批滋生”，C项infect“感染”，D项inject“注入，注射”。句意：稻田和棉田被成群的害虫所包围，如稻虱和粉虱。因此B项正确。9. 单选题_ evidence of helium saw it as a bright yellow line in spectroscopes they aimed at the sun.问题1选项A.The first people who sawB.The first people sawC.The first people who have seenD.The first people had seen【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。The first people是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，因此who 不能省略，故排除B和D，C项用的现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，时态不符，看到“evidence of helium”是发生在过去，与后面“aimed at”过去时保持一致，用see的一般过去式即可，句意：最早看到氨迹象的人们还以为是分光镜里面的一条明亮的黄线，当时他们正用分光镜对准太阳，因此A正确。10. 翻译题But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.【答案】参考译文：但是，正如许多其他情况一样，当他们最终结婚时，发现最理想的情况已经变成了最现实的情况。他们没有互相分担彼此的责任，就像男生们所说的，一人分担一半；他们发现生活的烦恼增加了一倍。这给我们的朋友都带来了一些烦恼；他们突然明白，他们不是徜徉在天堂而是依然还在人间，并且使自己成为新的律法和限制的奴隶。他们非但没有比以前更自由、更幸福，反而承担起了新的责任；他们已经建立了一个新家庭，必须以某种方式履行这个家庭的义务。他们满怀深情地回顾着他们的订婚；他们一直渴望彼此独处，远离尘嚣，但他们似乎从未如此强烈地感到，在现代社会中，他们仍然是一个整体。11. 单选题_, many operations once performed by hand have come to be performed by machine.问题1选项A.New technology is introduced forB.Introducing new technology andC.With the introduction of new technologyD.The introduction of new technology【答案】C【解析】考查句子结构。后半句句子结构完整，所以前半句应该是做修饰的成分或者并列句。A选项做句子for后面缺少成分；B项and应该连接两个完整的句子，但是前面句子成分不全；C项with的复合结构，做伴随状语，符合题意；D项逗号前后构不成逻辑关系。句意：随着新技术的引进，许多曾经由手工完成的操作现在都由机器来完成。故正确答案为C。12. 单选题Sign systems in general are _: iconic or conventional.问题1选项A.two typesB.of two typesC.the two typesD.of the two types【答案】B【解析】考查语法。“be of +名词”可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征，这类名词有age, size, height, weight, shape, type, kind等，排除A项和C项，D项多了定冠词the,因此B项符合题意。句意：符号系统一般有两种类型：标志性的或传统的。因此B项正确。13. 单选题The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as _.问题1选项A.possibly little nourishmentB.nourishment possibly littleC.little as possible nourishmentD.little nourishment as possible【答案】D【解析】考查语法。空格处需要填入动词have的宾语，同时包含asas句式。asas possible固定搭配表示“尽可能”。A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构，C语序有误，均可排除。句意：控制老鼠的最好方法就是务必让他们得到尽可能少的营养。因此D项正确。14. 单选题The framework of the special theory of relativity can be constructed from the assumption of the absolute invariability of the speed of light.问题1选项A.definitionB.encouragementC.regulationD.supposition【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。assumption表示“假定，设想”。A项definition“定义，清晰度”，B项encouragement“鼓励”，C项regulation“管理，规则”，D项supposition“假定，推测”。句意：狭义相对论的框架可以从光速绝对不变性的假设来构建。根据题意该题选D。15. 单选题The prosecution for a trademark shall be conducted by some trademark attorneys.问题1选项A.accuseB.chargingC.applicationD.design【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。prosecution在句中是“起诉”，A选项accuse“起诉，控告”；B选项charging是charge的动名词，表“控告”；C选项application“应用，申请”；D选项design“设计”。句意：商标起诉将由商标代理律师处理。根据句意B项正确。16. 单选题I shall explain the rules _ we have received many objections.问题1选项A.to whichB.to whereC.to whoD.to whom【答案】A【解析】考查语法。空格处需要选择一个定语从句的引导词，而先行词是物，所以只能用which或者that，但是先行词在从句中充当的宾语，objection to表示“反对”，因此前面引导词要用to which。句意：我将解释一下之前收到许多反对意见的条例。因此A项正确。17. 单选题The most elaborate of all bird nests _, domed communal structure built by social weaverbirds.问题1选项A.largerB.is the largeC.the largeD.largely is【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子可知这是一个主系表结构，句子中缺少系动词和后面的名词词组构成系表结构。A项和C项缺少系动词，D项作表语的名词structure前面缺少定冠词the。句意：所有鸟巢中最精致的是群居织鸟建造的大型圆顶公共结构。因此只有B项正确。18. 单选题The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 21 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly 22 . To help homeless people 23 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 24 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 25 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless, estimates 26 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 27 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is _28_. One of the federal governments studies 29 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 30 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 31 when homeless individuals manage to find a 32 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 33 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant, number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 34 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 35 skills needed to turn their lives 36_. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_37_ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 38 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 39 it, “There has to be 40 of programs. Whats needed is a package deal.”问题1选项A.IndeedB.LikewiseC.ThereforeD.Furthermore问题2选项A.standB.copeC.approveD.retain问题3选项A.inB.forC.withD.toward问题4选项A.raiseB.addC.takeD.keep问题5选项A.GenerallyB.AlmostC.HardlyD.Not问题6选项A.coverB.changeC.rangeD.differ问题7选项A.Now thatB.AlthoughC.ProvidedD.Except that问题8选项A.inflatingB.expandingC.increasingD.extending问题9选项A.predictsB.displaysC.provesD.discovers问题10选项A.assistB.trackC.sustainD.dismiss问题11选项A.HenceB.ButC.EvenD.Only问题12选项A.lodgingB.shelterC.dwellingD.house问题13选项A.searchingB.strollingC.crowdingD.wandering问题14选项A.whenB.onceC.whileD.whereas问题15选项A.lifeB.existenceC.survivalD.maintenance问题16选项A.aroundB.overC.onD.up问题17选