2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷48

2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The _ of tests in the United States institutions can be a new and frightening experience for many foreign students.问题1选项A.presenceB.frequencyC.efficiencyD.confidence【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. presence 存在；出席 B. frequency 发生率；出现率C. efficiency 效率；效能 D. confidence 信心；信任【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：对许多外国学生来说，美国教育机构考试的可能是一种新的可怕的经历。根据句意，应该是这些考试的存在让外国学生感到害怕。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】对许多外国学生来说，在美国院校进行考试可能是一种新的、令人恐惧的经历。2. 翻译题In the late 1960s integrated circuit, tiny transistors and other electrical components arranged on a single chip of silicon (硅), replaced individual transistors in computers. Integrated circuits became miniaturized (使小型化), enabling more components to be designed into a single computer circuit.【答案】20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。3. 翻译题他这人喜怒无常，且好走极端。【答案】He is moody and is inclined to be extreme.4. 翻译题过去，人们并没有充分认识到污染给环境造成的影响。只是把它看成一种会熏黑房屋，弄脏河流的令人讨厌的东西。【答案】In the past, people were not fully aware of the impact of pollution on the environment. We regard it as an obnoxious thing which can blacken house and dirty river.5. 翻译题晶体管（transistor）与电子管（electron tube）相比有好多优点（advantage）。【答案】Transistor has many advantages over electron tube.6. 翻译题在日常生活中，力似乎是靠“直接接触”（direct contact）来传递的。【答案】In daily life, power seems to be transferred by direct contact.7. 单选题Dr. Johnson was granted an honored title in _ of his valuable work for the college.问题1选项A.advancementB.acquisitionC.announcementD.acknowledgement【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. advancement 促进；推动 B. acquisition （知识、技能等的）获得；得到C. announcement （指行动）宣布；宣告 D. acknowledgement （对事实、现实、存在的）承认；感谢；谢礼【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑，是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号，这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。8. 单选题To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations; she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle School classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.1. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.2. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.3. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.4. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.5. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.问题1选项A.call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC.warn of the doom of biomedical researchD.show the triumph of the animal rights movement问题2选项A.cruel but naturalB.inhuman and unacceptableC.inevitable but viciousD.pointless and wasteful问题3选项A.discontent with animal researchB.ignorance about medical scienceC.indifference to epidemicsD.anxiety about animal rights问题4选项A.communicate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in researchC.feel no shame for their causeD.strive to develop new cures问题5选项A.a well-known humanistB.a medical practitionerC.an enthusiast in animal rightsD.a supporter of animal research【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.作者以埃德蒙伯克的话开始他的文章来_。A. call on scientists to take some actions. A. 呼吁科学家采取一些行动B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights B. 批评误入歧途的动物权利事业C. warn of the doom of biomedical research C. 警告生物医学研究的末日D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement D. 展示动物权利运动的胜利【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“一个被误导的事业要取得胜利，所需要的就是好人什么都不做”以及第二段“科学家需要对动物权利倡导作出强有力的回应”。作者用Edmund Burke的话中谈到误导之所以得逞就是好人不采取行动而下文又说科学家需要采取行动。由此可推断，作者呼吁科学家采取行动。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“批评误入歧途的动物权利事业”，作者只是说要采取行动对动物权利倡导者作出强有力的回应，而并不是批评误入歧途的动物权利事业，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“警告生物医学研究的末日”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“展示动物权利运动的胜利”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _. 被误导的人倾向于认为用动物做研究是_。A. cruel but natural A. 残酷的但自然的B. inhuman and unacceptable B. 不人道的和不可接受的C. inevitable but vicious C. 不可避免的但恶性的D. pointless and wasteful D. 毫无意义的和浪费的【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第一段最后一句谈到“当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”；第二段举例说明人们毫无理由地反对动物实验；第三段结尾又说“对于不明真相的人们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。”因此文章多次暗示。被误导的人们对动物实验的看法是B选项“不人道的和不可接受的”。【干扰项排除】A选项“残酷的但自然的”，被误导的人认为是残酷的，但是自然的不是他们的看法，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“不可避免的但恶性的”，恶性的可以是他们的看法，但文中提到“不要担心，科学家会找到使用计算机的方法。”也就是说他们认为是可以避免的，用别的方法代替的，而并不是不可避免的，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“毫无意义的和浪费的”，文中并没有提到毫无意义的是他们的看法，该选项属于曲解原文。3. 【选项释义】The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _. 这位老奶奶的例子被用来展示公众_。A. discontent with animal research A. 对动物研究的不满B. ignorance about medical science B. 对医学的无知C. indifference to epidemics C. 对流行病漠不关心D. anxiety about animal rights D. 对动物权利的担忧【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段“当被问及传染病卷土重来时会发生什么时，她说：不要担心，科学家会找到使用计算机解决问题的方法。这些好心的人就是不明白。”由此可知用这个老年的例子说明他们对医学的无知。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“对动物研究的不满”，用该例子强调公众对医学的无知而不是对动物研究的不满，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“对流行病漠不关心”，文中提到“当被问及传染病卷土重来时会发生什么时，她说：不要担心，科学家会找到使用计算机解决问题的方法。”可知这个老奶奶只是认为可以用计算机方法代替动物研究，而不是对流行病漠不关心，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“对动物权利的担忧”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _. 作者认为，面对来自动物权利倡导者的挑战，科学家应该_。A. communicate more with the public A. 多与公众沟通B. employ hi-tech means in research B. 运用高科技手段进行研究C. feel no shame for their cause C. 不要为他们的事业感到羞耻D. strive to develop new cures D. 努力开发新的治疗方法【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第四段“科学家必须以一种富有同情心、易于理解的方式向公众传达他们的信息用人性化的语言，而不是用分子生物学的语言。”以及倒数第二段“研究机构可以向游客开放，向他们展示实验室的动物得到了人道的照顾。”由此可推断，作者认为科学家应该多与公众沟通。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“运用高科技手段进行研究”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“不要为他们的事业感到羞耻”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“努力开发新的治疗方法”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _. 从课文中我们知道史蒂芬库珀是_。A. a well-known humanist A. 一个著名的人道主义者B. a medical practitioner B. 一个医疗从业人员C. an enthusiast in animal rights C. 一个动物权利的狂热者D. a supporter of animal research D. 一个动物研究的支持者【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“健康研究界不仅应该积极地招募史蒂芬库珀这样的知名人士（他曾勇敢地声明动物研究的价值）”由此可知史蒂芬库珀是动物研究的支持者。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个著名的人道主义者”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“一个医疗从业人员”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“一个动物权利的狂热者”，文中说到“健康研究界不仅应该积极地招募史蒂芬库珀这样的知名人士（他曾勇敢地声明动物研究的价值）”可知他是动物研究的支持者而不是动物权利的狂热者，该选项与原文意思相反，该选项属于反向干扰。9. 单选题My father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, to supper. I could tell at once that he and my mother had been discussing something. In that half-playful, half-serious way I knew so well, he said, “How would you like to go to Eton?”“You bet,” I cried quickly catching the joke. Everyone knew it was the most expensive, the most famous of schools. You had to be entered at birth, if not before. Besides, even at 12 or 13, I understood my father. He disliked any form of showing off. He always knew his proper station in life, which was in the middle of the middle class, our house was semi-detached; he had shrunk from joining the aristocratic Royal Liverpool Golf Club and approached a smaller one instead; though once he had acquired a second-hand Rolls-Royce at a remarkably low price, he felt embarrassed driving it, and quickly changed it for an Austin 1100.This could only be his delightful way of telling me that the whole boarding school idea was to be dropped. Alas! I should also have remembered that he had a liking for being different from everyone else, if it did not conflict with his fear of drawing attention to himself.It seemed that he had happened to be talking to Graham Brown of the London office, a very nice fellow, and Graham had a friend who had just entered his boy at the school, and while he was in that part of the world he thought he might just as well phone them. I remember my eyes stinging and my hands shaking with the confusion of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of great sadness.“Oh, he doesnt want to go away,” said my mother, “You shouldnt go on like this.” “Its up to him,” said my father. “He can make up his own mind.”1. If a father wants to send his son to Eton, he had better apply for it _.2. The house they lived in was _.3. His father sold his Rolls-Royce because _.4. The writers father enjoyed being different as long as _.5. What was the writers reaction to the idea of going to boarding-school?问题1选项A.as soon as his son is bornB.when his son is 12 or 13C.even before his son is bornD.only if his son is clever问题2选项A.the best they could affordB.right for their social positionC.near the Golf ClubD.rather small问题3选项A.it made him feel uneasyB.it was too old to be efficientC.it was too expensive to ownD.he needed money then问题4选项A.it enabled him to show offB.it didnt involve him in argumentsC.it was understood as a jokeD.there was no danger of his showing off问题5选项A.He was very unhappy.B.He had mixed feelings.C.He was delighted.D.He didnt believe it.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】If a father wants to send his son to Eton, he had better apply for it _. 如果一个父亲想送他的儿子去伊顿公学，他最好在_就申请。A. as soon as his son is born A. 儿子一出生B. when his son is 12 or 13 B. 儿子12岁或13岁时C. even before his son is born C. 儿子出生前D. only if his son is clever D. 除非他的儿子聪明的时候【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果出生前没有，那么你必须在出生时登记。（You had to be entered at birth, if not before.）”由此可知如果没有在出生前登记，那么必须在出生时登记。由此可推断，最好在出生前就申请。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“儿子一出生”，根据推断，最好是在出生前登记，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“儿子12岁或13岁时”，根据推断，最好是在出生前登记，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“除非他的儿子聪明的时候”，曲解原文，该选项属于过度推断。2. 【选项释义】The house they lived in was _. 他们住的房子_。A. the best they could afford A. 是他们能负担得起的最好的房子B. right for their social position B. 与他们的社会地位相称C. near the Golf Club C. 在高尔夫俱乐部附近D. rather small D. 相当小【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段第六句“他总是知道自己在生活中应有的地位（his proper station in life），也就是中产阶级的中间阶层，我们的房子是半独立式的。”由此可知，作者的父亲非常清楚自己的社会地位，所以可推断他们的房子与他们的社会地位相称。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“是他们能负担得起的最好的房子”，文章没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“在高尔夫俱乐部附近”，文章只是说父亲减少去贵族式高尔夫俱乐部，并不是说他们房子在高尔夫俱乐部附近，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“相当小”，根据文章可知，他们的房子是半独立式的，并没有相当小，该选项属于反向干扰。3. 【选项释义】His father sold his Rolls-Royce because _. 他的父亲卖掉了他的劳斯莱斯汽车，因为_。A. it made him feel uneasy A. 它使他感到不安B. it was too old to be efficient B. 它太旧了，效率不高C. it was too expensive to own C. 拥有它太贵了D. he needed money then D. 那时他需要钱【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“尽管有一次他以极低的价格买了一辆二手劳斯莱斯，但开起来他觉得很尴尬（he felt embarrassed driving it），于是很快就把它换成了奥斯汀1100。”由此可知作者的父亲觉得开劳斯莱斯很尴尬，可推断这辆车使他感到不安。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“它太旧了，效率不高”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“拥有它太贵了”，文中提到“尽管有一次他以极低的价格买了一辆二手劳斯莱斯”，可知这辆汽车并不是太贵了，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“那时他需要钱”，由文中定位点可知，并不是需要钱而是作者的父亲觉得开起来太尴尬，该选项属于过度推断。4. 【选项释义】The writers father enjoyed being different as long as _. 作者的父亲喜欢与众不同，只要_。A. it enabled him to show off A. 这能让他炫耀B. it didnt involve him in arguments B. 不卷入争论C. it was understood as a joke C. 这被理解为一个笑话D. there was no danger of his showing off D. 他没有炫耀的危险【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段最后一句“我也应该记得，他喜欢与众不同，如果这与他害怕引起别人注意的恐惧不冲突的话（he had a liking for being different from everyone else, if it did not conflict with his fear of drawing attention to himself）。”由此可知，作者的父亲喜欢与众不同，但是不希望引起别人的注意。由此可推断，作者的父亲不希望他有炫耀的风险。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“这能让他炫耀”，由推断可知，作者的父亲并不想炫耀，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“不卷入争论”，文中只是说他害怕引起别人注意，并没有说争论，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“这被理解为一个笑话”，曲解原文，属于过度推断。5. 【选项释义】What was the writers reaction to the idea of going to boarding-school? 作者对上寄宿学校的想法有什么反应？A. He was very unhappy. A. 他很不高兴。B. He had mixed feelings. B. 他百感交集。C. He was delighted. C. 他很高兴。D. He didnt believe it. D. 他不相信。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第二段最后两句“我记得我的眼睛刺痛，我的手颤抖，因为我的感觉混乱。兴奋之情溢于言表，但内心却极度悲伤。（I remember my eyes stinging and my hands shaking with the confusion of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of great sadness.）”由此可知，作者既开心又难过，可推断他内心百感交集。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“他很不高兴。”，文中说的是作者既开心又难过，并不是很不高兴，该选项属于反向干扰；C选项“他很高兴。”，文中作者内心也有悲伤的感觉不仅仅是高兴，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“他不相信。”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。10. 翻译题输出随输入的变化是很大的。【答案】The output varies greatly from the input.11. 填空题Directions: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks of the following passage. Change the form if necessary. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET.but demonstrate capable with happen average environmentally difference isolate measure There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born （1）. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.（2） no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what （3） to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped（4）, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is （5）.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be （6） by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an （7） community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental （8）continued until the twins were in their late teens. When they were given tests to（9） their intelligence, Johns IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the（10） and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.【答案】1.【答案】with2.【答案】but3.【答案】happens4.【答案】environmentally5.【答案】capable6.【答案】demonstrated7.【答案】isolated8.【答案】difference9.【答案】measure10.【答案】average【解析】but但是；然而conj. demonstrate证明；证实v.capable有能力的adj. with和在一起；具有prep.happen发生；出现v. average平均水平n.environmentally环境地adv. difference差异；不同之处n.isolate孤立；分离；隔离v. measure测量v.1. 【答案】with【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处he is born修饰brain。此题考查固定搭配，be born with表示“天生具有”。在句中指他天生具有的大脑。符合句意。因此填with。【句意】第一种是他与生俱来的大脑。2. 【答案】but【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处上文句意为“人类的大脑差别很大，有些人比其他人更有能力。”空格处下文句意为“不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。”上文提到有些人的大脑比其他人的好，而下文指不管大脑有多好，除非学习不然智力会低。由此可知该处存在转折关系。且空格后是一个完整的句子。因此该处缺一个表示转折的连词，因此填but。【句意】但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。3. 【答案】happens【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处在what引导的表语从句中做谓语，因此空格处应填一个动词。空格处句意为：所以第二个因素是个体他成长的环境。固定搭配happen to sb表示“发生到某人身上”；从句中what做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。所以填happens。【句意】所以第二个因素是个体发生了什么他成长的环境。4. 【答案】environmentally【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处应填副词修饰前面的形容词“handicapped”。由句意“如果一个人患有残疾，他的大脑很可能无法发育。”可知，该处填入environmentally，表示由环境影响造成的残疾。environmentally符合句意，且对应上文。因此填environmentally。【句意】如果一个人因环境影响患有残疾，他的大脑很可能无法发育。5.【答案】capable【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少一个形容词。且固定搭配be capable of表示“能够”。由句意“他永远不会达到他到达的智力水平。”可知此处填capable表示“能够”符合语境。因此填capable。【句意】他永远达不到他所能达到的智力水平。6. 【答案】demonstrated【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处位于情态动词后，且有be动词在前，应填入动词的被动形式。由句意“环境在决定一个人智力方面的重要性可以从同卵双胞胎Peter和Mark X的案例历史中得到。”可知空格处填入demonstrate的被动形式demonstrated表示“证明；证实”符合语境。因此填demonstrated。【句意】环境在决定一个人智力方面的重要性可以从同卵双胞胎Peter和Mark X的案例历史中得到证明。7. 【答案】isolated【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处位于定冠词an后，应填一个形容词且以元音音素开头。所以该处应填入isolate的形容词形式，isolated“偏远的；孤立的”。由句意“彼得的父母智力低下，生活在一个社区，受教育的机会很少。”可知，空格处填入isolated“偏远的；孤立的”符合语境。因此填isolated。【句意】彼得是由智力低下的父母在一个教育机会很少的孤立社区抚养长大的。8.【答案】difference【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少名词。上文讲到“彼得的父母智力低下，生活在一个与世隔绝的社区，受教育的机会很少。马克的父母都上过大学，家境富裕。他还是个孩子的时候，就有人念书给他听，把他送进好学校，给他一切机会去激发他的智力。”空格处意味“环境的”上文表明二人生活环境的差异。因此空格处填入difference“差异；不同之处”符合语境。因此填difference。【句意】这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十八九岁的时候，那时他们接受了测试，以衡量他们的智力。9.【答案】measure【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少动词。由句意“当他们接受测试智力时”可知，空格处填入measure“测量”符合语境。因此填measure。【句意】当测试他们的智力时10.【答案】average【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少名词。由句意“约翰的智商是125，比高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。”可知，空格填入average“平均水平”符合语境。因此填average。【句意】约翰的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。12. 单选题Plastics are lighter and more _ resistant than metal, but they are not usually strong.问题1选项A.contractionB.collisionC.corrosionD.corruption【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. contraction 收缩；缩小 B. collision 碰撞；冲突C. corrosion 腐蚀；侵蚀 D. corruption 腐败；堕落【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：塑料比金属更轻，更耐，但它们通常不坚固。由常识可知大部分塑料的抗腐蚀能力强，因此选C选项。【干扰项排除】A选项contraction“收缩；缩小”，根据常识可知塑料遇热易收缩，不符合句意。B选项collision“碰撞；冲突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。D选项corruption“腐败；堕落”不符合句意。【句意】塑料比金属更轻，更耐腐蚀，但通常不坚固。13. 单选题They have _ most carefully the time and the materials needed to complete the project.问题1选项A.picked outB.left outC.taken outD.figured out【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. picked out 辨认出；挑选 B. left out 排除C. taken out 除掉；带某人出去（吃饭或看电影等） D. figured out 计算出；想出；弄明白【答案】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：他们已经非常仔细地完成这项工程所需的时间和材料。根据句意，完成这项工程所需的时间和材料是需要他们仔细地计算出来的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】他们已经非常仔细地计算出完成这项工程所需的时间和材料。14. 单选题Many of the shopkeepers are poor. There isnt much _ in this town.问题1选项A.failureB.advantageC.prosperityD.indigence【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. failure 失败的人（或事物） B. advantage 有利条件C. prosperity 兴旺；繁荣 D. indigence 穷困；贫乏【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：许多店主都很穷。这个城镇不太。根据逻辑，由这个镇子上的店主很穷可以推测，这个镇子比较贫穷也就是不太繁华。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项failure“失败的人（或事物）”，因为句子前半部分说镇子很穷，后半部分说没有，因此不可能是没有太多失败的人，