2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第197期

2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I dont mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when sixteen people arrive（ ）for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.unexpectedlyD.consequently【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。unusually意为“非常，特别地”；excessively意为“过渡地”； unexpectedly意为“未料到地，意外地”；consequently意为“所以，因此”。句意：我一点儿不介意你带你的朋友来喝一杯，但意外地带来十六个人来吃晚饭就有点太多了。2. 单选题As educational levels rise and information technology accelerates, the distinction between managers and workers will （ ）and management knowledge will be everyones responsibility.问题1选项A.fade awayB.pass awayC.slip awayD.wash away【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade away意为“消失，衰弱”；pass away意为“（时间等）消磨掉”；slip away意为“悄没声息地溜走”；wash away意为“冲走，清洗”。句意：随着教育水平的提高和信息技术的加速，“管理者”与“员工”之间的区别将逐渐消失，管理知识将是每个人的责任。3. 单选题Not having a good command of English can be a serious（ ）to preventing you fromachieving your goals.问题1选项A.impedimentB.faultC.offenseD.distress【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。impediment意为“妨碍，阻止”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；offense意为“犯罪，进攻”；distress意为“悲痛”。句意：不能很好地掌握英语可能妨碍你实现你的目标。4. 单选题Students have to （ ）to the rules and regulations of the school.问题1选项A.confirmB.confrontC.confineD.conform【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。confirm意为“确认”；confront意为“面对”；confine意为“限制”；conform 意为“遵守，符合”。句意：学生必须遵守学校的规章制度。5. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research a classic case of paralysis by analysis.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that（ ）.2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（ ）.3.What does the author mean by paralysis by analysis (Line 3, Paragraph 4) ?4.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（ ）.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide问题3选项A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progress.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plantsB.Raise public awareness of conservationC.Press for further scientific researchD.Take some legislative measures问题5选项A.they both suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to worse【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure可知A选项说法过于绝对；由over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves可知与B选项不符，死亡人数很多；由Lots of Americans bought that nonsense可知与D选项不符，胡说八道的人是支持吸烟的人；采用排除法，因此选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future（但科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最佳指南）可知选D。第3题:词义题。A选项意为“没完没了研究阻碍了行动”；B选项意为“仔细的调查揭示了真相”；C选项意为“谨慎的规划阻碍了进展”；D选项意为“广泛的研究帮助决策”。由文章第四段中Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of paralysis by analysis.（他们没有制定行动计划，而是继续要求进行更多的研究典型的paralysis by analysis）可知A选项最符合句意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.（但仅靠研究是不够的。如果政府不采取立法行动，国会应该帮助制定保护措施）可知选D。第5题:推理判断题。文章第一段讲了吸烟的危害以及人们的忽视造成的后果，第三段讲了全球变暖就像之前的吸烟问题一样，没有得到人们的重视，一旦有百分之百的证据时，所造成的后果是很危险的，因此B选项“后者的教训适用于前者”符合题意。6. 单选题Humble （ ）it may be, theres no place like home, （ ）her may go.问题1选项A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。7. 单选题If the Americans with their peace talks do get the parties together, their first business will be to arrange a （ ）so that food can move.问题1选项A.truthB.traceC.truceD.trap【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。truth意为“真理”；trace意为“痕迹，踪迹”；truce意为“休战”；trap意为“陷阱，诡计”。句意：如果美国人的和平会谈使政党团结，他们的第一要务是安排休战，这样食品才能运输。8. 单选题It （ ）to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.问题1选项A.pains herB.makes her painC.is painingD.is pained【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。it pains sb. to see意为“看到使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山区的孩子无法接受基础教育使她心痛。9. 单选题The world of education is currently undergoing a massive transformation as a result of the digital revolution. This transformation is similar to the transition from apprenticeship to universal schooling that occurred in the 19th century as a result of the industrial revolution. In the apprenticeship era, most of what people learned occurred outside of school. Universal schooling led people to identify learning with school, but now the identification of the two is unraveling.All around us people are learning with the aid of new technologies: children are playing complex video games, workers are interacting with simulations that put them in challenging situations, students are taking courses at online high schools and colleges, and adults are consulting Wikipedia. New technologies create learning opportunities that challenge traditional schools and colleges. These new learning niches enable people of all ages to pursue learning on their own terms. People around the world are taking their education out of school into homes, libraries, Internet cafes and workplaces, where they can decide what they want to learn, when they want to learn, and how they want to learn.Who will benefit ultimately from this revolution? In America there is a commercial push to sell educational products to consumers who are looking for an edge up in the race for success. This means that technological products and services are popping up all over the American landscape. Education, once viewed as a public good with equal access for all, is now up for sale to those who can afford specialized services and computer programs. We think schools have served America and the world very well. We greatly admire the teachers who have dedicated themselves to helping children from different backgrounds to learn and thrive in a changing world. Schools have made invaluable contributions to the worlds development and we think they will continue to do so well into the future.However, we think it is time that educators and policy makers start to rethink education apart from schooling. Education is a lifelong enterprise, while schooling for most encompasses only ages five to 18 or 21. Even when students are in school much of their education happens outside of school. We all know that technology has transformed our larger society. It has become central to peoples reading, writing, calculating, and thinking, which are the major concerns of schooling. And yet technology has been kept in the periphery of schools, used for the most part only in specialized courses.The central challenge is whether our current schools will be able to adapt and incorporate the new power of technology-driven learning for the next generation of public schooling. If schools cannot successfully integrate new technologies into what it means to be a school, then the long identification of schooling with education, developed over the past 150 years, will dissolve into a world where wealthier students pursue their learning outside of the public school.1.What caused the emergence of universal schooling in the 19th century?2.What can we learn from the 2nd paragraph about the authors view on new technologies?3.According to the author, the digital revolution is beneficial for （ ）.4.The word periphery in the 4 paragraph probably means（ ）.5.The authors purpose in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the digital revolutionB.the industrial revolutionC.the learners identificationD.the new approach to education问题2选项A.The online education would replace the traditional colleges.B.The leading position of universities and schools might be under threat.C.The computer simulation could provide workers with more opportunities.D.The learning strategies and styles would be decided by new technologies.问题3选项A.the teachers in schools and collegesB.the business men striving for successC.the students outside schools and collegesD.the better-off purchasing educational products问题4选项A.the outside boundaryB.the special sitesC.the inner circleD.the related department问题5选项A.to present the power of new technologiesB.to describe the transformation of learning approachC.to advocate the reform of education in the age of technologyD.to analyze the integration of new technologies into schooling【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中This transformation is similar to the transition from apprenticeship to universal schooling that occurred in the 19th century as a result of the industrial revolution.（这种转变类似于19世纪工业革命后从学徒制向普及教育的转变）可知选B。第2题:观点态度题。由文章第二段中New technologies create learning opportunities that challenge traditional schools and colleges.（新技术创造了挑战传统学校和大学的学习机会）可知B选项“大学和学校的领导地位可能受到威胁”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中Education, once viewed as a public good with equal access for all, is now up for sale to those who can afford specialized services and computer programs.（教育曾经被视为人人享有平等机会的公共利益，现在出售给那些能够负担得起专门服务和计算机程序的人）可知选D，作者认为，数字革命有利于较富裕的人购买教育产品。第4题:词义题。the outside boundary意为“外界”；the special sites意为“特殊地点”；the inner circle意为“核心集团，内圈”；the related department意为“相关部门”。由And yet technology has been kept in the periphery of schools, used for the most part only in specialized courses.（然而，技术一直保存在学校的外围，大部分只在专业课程中使用）可知选A。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了数字革命给教育带来的改革，学校教育受到挑战。由最后一段中If schools cannot successfully integrate new technologies into what it means to be a school, then the long identification of schooling with education, developed over the past 150 years, will dissolve into a world where wealthier students pursue their learning outside of the public school.（如果学校不能成功地将新技术融入学校教育，那么过去150年来发展起来的对学校教育的长期认同就会消失。将进入一个富裕的学生在公立学校之外继续学习的世界）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导科技时代的教育改革，因此选C。10. 单选题Many in the business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the people working within it. People are（1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or（2）management. Engaged employees are usually happy employees who are more（3）as they have a natural and genuine interest in the（4）of the organization.Staff becomes engaged because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers（5）these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are connected with a common goal is to get recruitment（6）. Recruiting should include a number of questions（7）at getting an understanding of a persons motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often（8）with workers. However they are far more likely to（9）into change when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in（10）engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of a company, they are far more likely to produce better results and work to the best of their ability.问题1选项A.whoB.howC.thatD.what问题2选项A.seniorB.chiefC.highD.tall问题3选项A.productiveB.effectiveC.validD.available问题4选项A.estatesB.assetsC.fortunesD.possessions问题5选项A.applyB.utilizeC.executeD.hire问题6选项A.wellB.overC.rightD.up问题7选项A.aimedB.focusedC.intendedD.engaged问题8选项A.addictiveB.unpopularC.satisfyingD.rewarding问题9选项A.shiftB.fallC.buyD.revolve问题10选项A.bearingB.raisingC.feedingD.delivering【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“（ ）make a business successful”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中做主语。第2题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的the lowest paid employees within the organization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A。第3题:考查形容词辨析。productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”。此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的。第4题:考查名词辨析。estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”。此处表示关注组织的命运。第5题:考查动词辨析。apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”。此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪。第6题:考查副词辨析。well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；get recruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。第7题:考查固定搭配。aim at意为“旨在，目标在于”。此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了解一个人的动机和愿望。第8题:考查上下文语义。be unpopular with意为“不受欢迎”，此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎。第9题:考查动词辨析。shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”。此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益时，他们更有可能发生改变。第10题:考查上下文语义。bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”。由后面的produce better results and work to the best of their ability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B。11. 单选题His back injury has（ ）him unfit for work, so he has no alternative but to live on relief payment.问题1选项A.renderedB.devastatedC.reckonedD.hindered【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。render意为“使成为，使变得”；devastate意为“破坏”；reckon意为“测算，估计”；hinder意为“阻碍，妨碍”。句意：他的背伤使他无法工作，因此，他别无选择只能依靠救济金生活。12. 单选题Those figures are not consistent （ ）the results obtained in previous experiments.问题1选项A.toB.withC.forD.in【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。be consistent with意为“与一致，与符合”。句意：数据与之前的实验结果不一致。13. 单选题The governor said he would （ ）judgment until he received the committees report.问题1选项A.withstandB.withholdC.scrutinizeD.ferret【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。withstand意为“经受，承受”；withhold意为“拒给，扣留”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查”；ferret意为“搜出，查获”。句意：州长说，他将在收到委员会的报告后才做出判断。14. 单选题The cell phone includes a mechanical device that can make it （ ）when it would otherwise ring for an incoming call or an alarm.问题1选项A.vibrateB.shakeC.alarmD.sparkle【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。vibrate意为“震动”；shake意为“摇动”；alarm意为“惊恐，警报”；sparkle意为“闪耀，闪烁”。句意：手机内置了一个机械装置，当有来电铃声或闹铃铃声时，就会使它震动。15. 单选题Christians calm Jesus was a real（ ）character, but some today have their doubts.问题1选项A.historicalB.historicC.historyD.historian【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。historical意为“历史的，历史上的”，指的是和历史有关的或是历史上出现过的人或事；historic意为“有历史影响的”，指重要的历史事件；history意为“历史，历史学”；historian意为“历史学家”。句意：基督徒声称耶稣是历史上一个真实的人物，但今天有些人对此表示怀疑。16. 单选题To （ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。conserve意为“保护，保藏，保存”；conceive意为“想象，设想”；convert意为“（使）转变”；contrive意为“设计，发明”。句意：保存就是节约与保护，把我们现在享有的好的条件留给其他人来共享。17. 单选题To be rooted is perhaps the most important and least recognized need of the human soul. Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.We want to see this as a good, enabling thingI can fire off that e-mail to the office and then get back to relaxing on my vacation!but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover of The New Yorker sadly and beautifully satirized this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phone in which they are rapt. Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every year, more than three million people board a Carnival Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another one that seems counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafes, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enthusiastically respond