2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第8期

2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The statistics（ ）that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.问题1选项A.provesB.is provingC.are provingD.prove【答案】D【解析】句意:这些统计数据表明这个地方的生活标准在最近已经彻底地改善。语法题。考查时态。主语为statistics (数据(复数),句意为“数据表明”,因此此处应该用一般现在时。故选D。2. 单选题Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by raid change and growth, is moving into a new era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.The word “television”，derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most pail, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.1. With which topic is the passage primarily concerned?2. What is the literal meaning of the word “television”?3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in televisiontransmissions?4. What field of television is intended for specific groups?5. Which of the following statements about the relationship between the television and itsviewers can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.Recent changes in modern technology.B.The marriage of broadcasting giants.C.The role of television in todays society.D.The content of broadcast television programs.问题2选项A.Medium of the massesB.Sight from a distanceC.Airwave transmissionD.Vehicle for communication问题3选项A.The conversion of image into electronic impulses.B.The sending of impulses through a wire or cable.C.The changing of one image into another image.D.The feeding of impulses into a receiver.问题4选项A.Broad-based.B.Reconstituted.C.Traditional.D.Non-broadcast.问题5选项A.Viewers do not take an active role in watching television.B.Viewers would prefer increased news coverage.C.Viewers like to use television to reach other human beings.D.Viewers have grown tired of television.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。第三段起到了承上启下的作用: Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings (电视不仅仅是一个电子系统,它还是一种表达工具和传播渠道。因此,电视成了一个对其他人发生影响的强大工具)。因此C项“电视在当今社会里的角色”比较能概括文章大意。2.词义题。第二段指出: The word “television” .can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance (电视可以从字面上理解为来自远方的景象)。由此可知B项“来自远方的景象”正确。3.细节事实题。A:图像转换成电子脉冲,B:通过电线或电缆发送电子脉冲,C: 将一个图像转换成另外一个图像,D:将脉冲送入接收机。第二段指出:through a sophisticated system of electronics,television provides the capability of converting an image . into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image (通过复杂的电子系统,电视能够将一副閤像转换成能经过导线或电缆发送出去的电子脉冲信号。当这些电子脉冲信号被输入一部接收机(电视机)吋,就可以用电子学的方法把脉冲信号重新恢复成同一幅图像)。由此可知C项在文中未被提及。故选C。4.细节事实题。第四段指出: Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques (第二类为非广播电视,使用受控的发射技术来满足个人以及某些特殊利益群体的需要)。因此答案为D项“非广播类的”。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出: We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer (我们渐渐把显像管看作是娱乐的来源,让自己成为这个生动的媒介的被动观众),由此可知A项“观看者在观看电视吋扮演被动角色”正确。3. 单选题One of the most influential literary figures of the twentieth century was American authorGertrude Stein. Her literary style and vision was often a radical departure from traditional methods, which relied on a more linear plotline. Instead, Stein focused on language itself by employing methods of repetition and spontaneity in an attempt to mirror human consciousness. But, Steins influence did not stop with her writing. As an expatriate in Paris, she was responsible for bring some of the greatest minds in ai t and literature together at her apartment, Salon 27. The Spanish painter Pablo Picasso and American writer Ernest Hemingway were two frequent visitors. Indeed, Stein was the one who coined the phrase “Lost Generation” to denote up-and-coming American writers living in Paris at the time mainly due to their disillusionment with art as a whole back home. While Gertrude Stein may not be the most recognizable figure in literature, her personal and literary influence on artists was invaluable.Stein began living in Paris in 1903. Eventually, her flat. Salon 27. became a center of intellectual exchange for writers and artists. Before long, she became an integral part of the artistic and literary scene in the city and befriended numerous important figures, such as Picasso and Matisse. They would meet there weekly, where they could expound on new theories of art, philosophy, literature, politics, and social issues in the stimulating, productive environment provided by Stein. Without Steins Salon 27, it is quite possible that many of the artists and writers of the day never would have crossed paths, and the individual disciplines would not have become as diverse or fully developed as they eventually did. These interactions also became a major inlluence on Steins own literary style.Stein became enamored with Picassos cubist style, and, as a result, many of his earliest works adorned the walls of her apartment. But they were not simply decorative. Cubism attempts to reduce the subject from its natural form into an abstract, geometrical shape capable of numerous angles of perception. In a similar fashion, Stein attempted to interpret cubism through literature and writing. Like cubist painters, Stein wrote in a style that took into consideration every possible angle of her subject matter. She wanted to give readers the opportunity to view her work on many different levels, not just a single, flat surface. But, unlike the cubists vho relied on formal structure to some degree，Stein took it a step further and placed less emphasis on formal writing structures such as grammar and syntax and focused more on what she called “automatic” language, which was spontaneous and repetitive and relied more on the spoken word.In many ways, Steins writing mirrors the chaotic, detached atmosphere of post-World War I Paris, yet it also marks the moment when literature began to leave the nineteenth century behind in favor of a more modernist style of imagination and innovation. It is also a clear precursor of stream of consciousness, which dominated writing styles during the rest of the twentieth century in America. While Stein was able to capitalize on artistic renditions of life and translate them into literature, other artists benefited from her willingness to reject the accepted traditions and create her own. For instance, Hemingways style in many of his early novels is clearly influenced by Stein.1. The authors description of Gertrude Stein mentions which of the following?2. The author discusses “Salon 27” in the second paragraph in order to（ ）.3. According to the third paragraph, Stein followed the cubist style because（ ）.4.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the third paragraph?5. According to the last paragraph, Steins style is a product of the era because（ ）.问题1选项A.She was originally from Paris and later moved to the U.S.B.Her writing style was centered on a structured plotline.C.She attempted to focus on the linguistic side of writingD.Her work was quite controversial due to its extreme nature问题2选项A.illustrate its relevance as a place of artistic interaction of the timeB.note it is where the painters Matisse and Picasso first met one anotherC.indicate it was an inadequate place for such great minds to mingleD.show that artists of the day lacked a meeting place at which to gather问题3选项A.it focused on the geometric forms inherent in most subject matterB.it gave her a way to present her reader with various perspectivesC.it was the simplest form with which to interpret and understand her workD.it shunned the secondary parts in favor of the major parts of art问题4选项A.The spontaneity of automatic language, rather than the grammar and syntax stressed formal writing structures, was central to Steins work.B.The structure of Steins work, in terms of its emphasis on formal writing structures and automatic language, followed the structure of the cubists to some degree.C.The repetition of grammar and syntax made Steins writing more unique than that of the cubists, who focused on automatic language in their works.D.The formality of Stein, due in part to its emphasis on grammar and syntax, was much greater than that of the cubist artists.问题5选项A.it translates the sentiment of Europeans during a time of reconstructingB.it is more imaginative and innovative than anything the world had seenC.it continues the former structural traditions present before World War 1D.it rejects the past and is fashioned out of the sentiment of post-war Europe【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。A:她起初来自巴黎，后来搬到了美国,第一段提到“As an expatriate in Paris作为在巴黎的移居国外者”,因此A不正确。B:她的写作风格专注于结构性的情节主线,C:她试图去专注于写作的语言方面。第一段指出: Her literary style and vision was often a radical departure from traditional methods, which relied on a more linear plotline. Instead, Stein focused on language itself by employing methods of repetition and spontaneity in an attempt to mirror human consciousness (她的文学风格和视觉经常偏离依赖更线型情节主线的传统方式，取而代之的是，在试图去反映人的意识的过程中，她通过利用重复和自发性的方式来专注语言本身)。由此可知C项正确,B项不正确。D:她的作品因极端而极具争议性,文章并未提及。因此答案为C。2.作者意图题。第二段指出:They would meet there weekly, where they could expound on new theories of art, philosophy, literature, politics, and social issues in the stimulating, productive environment provided by Stein (他们每周会聚集在那里（即27号沙龙），在这个地方他们能在斯泰因提供的令人兴奋且富有成效的环境下，评论有关艺术、哲学、文学、政治和社会问题的新理论),由此可知A项“解释它作为当时一个艺木互动性地方的重要性”正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: Like cubist painters, Stein wrote in a style that took into consideration every possible angle of her subject matter. She wanted to give readers the opportunity to view her work on many different levels, not just a single，flat surface (如立体派画家一样，斯泰因的写作方式尽可能考虑到写作主题的各方面。她想让读者有机会从很多不同角度而非只是在单一的平面上去欣赏自己的作品)。由此可知B项“立体派风格给了她一种方式去为她的读者呈现不同的角度”正确。4.语义题。第三段划线句为: But, unlike the cubists vho relied on formal structure to some degree，Stein took it a step further and placed less emphasis on formal writing structures such as grammar and syntax and focused more on what she called “automatic” language, which was spontaneous and repetitive and relied more on the spoken word.(但是，不像在一定程度上依赖于形式结构的立体派艺术家，斯泰因更进了一步，较少强调如语法和句法的写作结构，更专注她称之为的无意识的 语言，该语言是自然的、重复的且更依赖口头语言的),由此可知A项 “对斯泰因的作 品极为重要的是无意识语言的自发性，而不是强调语法和句法的写作方式”比较符合此句意思。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出: In many ways, Steins writing mirrors the chaotic, detached atmosphere of post-World War I Paris, yet it also marks the moment when literature began to leave the nineteenth century behind in favor of a more modernist style of imagination and innovation (在很多方面，斯泰因的作品反映了一战后巴黎混乱且分离的气氛，然而，它也标志了一个重要吋刻，即文学开始丢下19世纪的风格而去支持一个富有想象力和创新的更现代的风格)。因此D项“它抛弃了过去形成于战后的欧洲情绪”正确。4. 单选题This area of the park has been specially（ ）for children, but accompanying adults are also welcome.问题1选项A.inauguratedB.designatedC.entitledD.delegated【答案】B【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate 指定，标出，be designated for 为而设；entitle 定名为，给称号，使有权利，常用于be entitled to表示有资格；delegate委派为代表，委任。故B符合句意。5. 单选题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little lias changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social classwhether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workersjobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her housekeeping, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.1.Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?2.The writer seems to suggest that the description of（ ）is closer to truth?3.According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle class?4.Working-class peoples sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors except?5.Which of the following statements is incorrect?问题1选项A.life style and occupationB.Attitude and incomeC.income and job securityD.job security and hobbies问题2选项A.middle -class ways of spending moneyB.working-class ways of spending the weekendC.working-class drinking habitsD.middle-class attitudes问题3选项A.desiring for securityB.Making long term plansC.having priorities in lifeD.saving money问题4选项A.better social securityB.more job opportunitiesC.higher living standardD.better legal protection.问题5选项A.Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B.The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.C.difference in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D.middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workersjobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence (过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不太稳定，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异),因此选C “收入和工作稳定”。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth (中产阶级花钱的旧模式或许更接近真实),因此A项“中产阶级花钱的方式”正确。3.细节事实题。A: 渴望安全,C: 在生活中有优先考虑的事情,第三段指出: Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security (他(中产阶级) 不仅将买房子看成是一件重要的事情，且他还认为自己孩子的教育非常重耍。这两个方而为他和自己的家庭提供了安全),因此A和C属于中产阶级的典型特点。B: 制定长远的计划,由第三段“He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view(他（即中产阶级）过去且现在仍然倾向于去采取更长远的观点)”可知B项属于中产阶级的典型特点。只有D项“攒钱”没提及,故选D。4.细节事实题。A:更好的社会保障,B: 更多的工作机会,C:更高的生活水平,D:更好的法律保护,第三段指出: Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow(社会保障和法律，以及 20 世纪以来生活水平的普遍提高，让大家相比以前更没有必要去担心明天),故A、C、D属于导致工人阶级安全感提升的因素。B项文章未提及。5.细节事实题。A:英国社会的各个方面都正在发生缓慢变化,第一段指出: Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned (过去 25 年里，英国社会发生了很大变化或至少它的很多方而发生了很大的变化，但有些方而却没什么变化),因此A项与原文不符。B: 工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小,由最后一段“The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people(（工人阶级与中产阶级）在生活方式和态度上的改变可能最容易在年轻人身上被看到)”可知B与原文相符。C: 收人差异将仍然存在，但是在职业上的那些差异将会消失,最后一段指出: Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid(然而，我们在收入高的人（无论他们可能有的工作种类是什么）和收人差的人之间仍然将会有大的落差),因此C与原文相符。D: 中产阶级有时感觉不如工人阶级,第四段指出: In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position (实际上，在过去数年里中产阶级为自己的位置感到有些羞愧的倾向在不断增加),因此D项与原文相符。故答案选A。6. 单选题The reason that the city attracts lots of inhabitants lies in that its a city of（ ）.问题1选项A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity【答案】B【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。考查名词辨析。Intensity 强度,强烈;diversity 不同(点),多样性,多样化; adversity困境,逆境; necessity 必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。7. 单选题Our family doctors clinic（ ）at the junction of two busy roads.问题1选项A.restsB.standsC.staysD.seats【答案】B【解析】句意:我们家庭医生的诊所位于两条繁忙马路的交叉口。考查动词辨析。rest休息，放松，(被)支撑；stand 站立，位于，停滞； stay 停留，坚持，暂住，停下；seat 使坐下。故B符合句意。8. 翻译题Whats your earliest memory? Do you remember learning