2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷69

2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Reading is not the only way to acquire knowledge of preceding work. There is another large reservoir which may be called experience, and the college student will find that every craftsman has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them with ill-concealed distain. The information from these quarters differs, from that in, textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical partthe explanations of why things happenis frequently quite fantastic. But the demonstration and report of what happens, and how it happens, are sound even if the reports are in completely unscientific terms. Presently the college student will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristote could talk to the fisherman, so can he.Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from father, to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folkore. All this is very difficult for a college student to explore, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild weeds.【答案】阅读并不是获得以前的知识的唯一途径。还有一个大宝库，我们可以称之为经验。大学生会发现，每一个工匠都有他能教的东西，而且如果一个大学生不轻蔑地看待他们，工匠一般都会很乐意去教他们。来自这些方面的信息与教科书和论文中的信息不同，主要在于其理论部分是对事物发生的原因进行解释可能常常是相当荒诞的。但是，关于发生了什么以及如何发生的演示和报告却是可靠的，即使这些报告是完全不科学的。现在的大学生也会知道，什么该接受，什么该拒绝。一个大学生要记住的最重要一点就是，如果亚里士多德能和渔夫说话，他也能。另一个知识来源是从父亲传给儿子或母亲传给女儿的大量传统习俗、古老的乡村习俗和民间传说。所有这些对于一个大学生来说都是很难探索的，因为这里需要很多知识和个人经验来区分好的植物和野生杂草。2. 单选题Both a persons heredity and his environment help to shape his character.问题1选项A.familyB.educationC.nationalityD.surroundings【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项family“家庭”；B选项education“教育”；C选项nationality“国籍”；D选项surroundings“环境”。句意：一个人的遗传和他所处的环境都有助于塑造他的性格。D选项与原文划线词词义最接近，因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.franklyB.emphaticallyC.determinedlyD.convincingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项frankly“坦率地，老实说”；B选项emphatically“着重地，强调地”；C选项determinedly“决然地，断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他讲得如此_，以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。根据后半句不难判断出，前半句的意思是“他讲得如此有说服力”，因此D选项符合题意。4. 翻译题Now as to the matter of lying, you want to be very careful about lying; otherwise you are nearly sure to get caught. Once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the good and pure, what you were before. Many a young person has injured himself permanently through a single clumsy and ill-finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Some authorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. That, of course, is putting it rather stronger than necessary; still while l cannot go quite so far as that, I do maintain, and I believe I am right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice and experience shall give them that confidence, elegance and precision which alone can make the accomplishment graceful and profitable. Practice, diligence, painstaking attention to detailthese are requirements; these in time, will make the student perfect; upon these, and upon these only, may he rely as the sure foundation for future eminence. Think what tedious years of study, thought, practice, experience, went to the equipment of that peerless old master who was able to impose upon the whole world the lofty and sounding maxim that “Truth is mighty and will prevail”the most majestic compound fracture of fact which any of woman born has yet achieved. For the history of our race, and each individuals experience, are sown thick with evidence that a truth is not hard to kill and a lie told well is immortal. There is in Boston a monument of the man who discovered anesthesia.【答案】现在要是说到说谎，你必须要非常小心地说谎；否则你几乎肯定会被抓。在善良和纯洁的人眼里，一旦你被抓住，你就再也不可能是你以前的样子了。许多年轻人就因为一个笨拙的、没有完成的谎言而永久地伤害了自己，这是缺乏训练而导致的粗心的结果。一些权威人士认为，年轻人根本不应该撒谎。当然，这是一种过于强烈的表达；尽管我不能做到那样，我还是会坚持，我相信我是对的，年轻人在运用这门伟大的艺术时应该有节制，直到实践和经验会给他们带来自信、优雅和精确，而只有这些才能使你优雅而有益地完成这门艺术。实践、勤奋、对细节的细心这些都是要求；这些假以时日，会使学生臻于完美；在这些基础上，也只有在这些基础上，他才能作为未来显赫的可靠基础。想想看，这位举世无双的老大师，经过多年枯燥乏味的学习、思考、实践和经验，才得以把“真理是强大的，并且将会获胜”这句崇高而响亮的格言传遍全世界这是迄今为止任何一位女性所取得的最宏伟的复合断裂事实。因为我们人类的历史和每个人的经历都布满了证据，证明真理不难消灭，而讲得好的谎言则是不朽的。波士顿有一座纪念麻醉术发明者的纪念碑。5. 单选题The British political system has evolved over several centuries.问题1选项A.improvedB.developedC.involvedD.survived【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项improved“改进，增加”；B选项developed“发展，发达”；C选项involved“涉及，使参与”；D选项survived“幸存，存活”。句意：英国的政治制度是经过几个世纪的演变而成的。此处只有B选项可以最佳贴近“演变”这个含义，因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题She is extremely（ ）, always ready to agree with other peoples wishes.问题1选项A.mellowB.moderateC.adaptableD.supple【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mellow“圆润的，柔和的，成熟的”；B选项moderate“稳健的，适度的，适中的”；adaptable“适应性强的，能适应的”；D选项supple“柔软的。灵活的，逢迎的（含贬义）”。句意：她_，总是乐于同意别人的想法。此处A、B和D代入原句都不通顺，只有C选项代入译为“她适应性极强”，因此C选项符合题意。7. 单选题Diaspora networksof Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many othershave always been a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-generation migrants around the world: thats 3% of the worlds population. If they were a nation, it would be: little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have always been found in surprising places.These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across borders. They speed the flow of information: a Chinese trader in Indonesia who spots a gap in the market for cheap umbrellas will alert his cousin in Shenzhen who knows someone who runs an umbrella factory. Kinship ties foster trust, so they can seal the deal and get the unbrellas to Jakarta before the rainy season ends. Trust matters, especially in emerging markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. That is why so much foreign direct investment in China still passes through the Chinese diaspora. And modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of business.Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging worlds brightest minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home country. A Harvard Business School study shows that American companies that employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a joint venture with a local firm.Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile.The first is usually not true, and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent. Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs productivity and company formation. And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies.Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20% of their university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.Government as well as business gains from the spread of ideas through diasporas. As for the old world, its desire to close its borders is understandable but dangerous. Migration brings youth to ageing countries, and allows ideas to circulate in millions of mobile minds. That is good both for those who arrive with suitcases and dreams and for those who should welcome them.1. According to the passage, which of the following best defines “diaspora networks”?2. Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the merits of diaspora?3. What is the authors attitude towards diaspora?4. In paragraph 6 the word “overblown” most likely refers to（ ）.5. According to the passage, the author seems to suggest EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.The ties of travelers, immigrants, emigrants, etc.B.Social connections of people who are dispersed from their homeland.C.The sense of kinship felt by ethnic minorities or people from developing countries.D.The social ties of migrants residing in varied countries.问题2选项A.It facilitates information acquisition.B.It provides emerging countries with more knowledge and technologies.C.It stimulates the establishment of foreign-funded enterprises in migrants home country.D.It infuses energy into the Western world.问题3选项A.favorableB.neutralC.criticalD.ambiguous问题4选项A.devastatingB.bloomingC.exaggeratedD.out-dated问题5选项A.brain drain will make poor countries richer than before if under controlB.sea turtles are willing to build a more democratic countryC.the developed country should be tolerant towards migrantsD.working abroad is alluring to people all around the world【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。全文讲到diaspora networks都是说的移民者之间的关系，在第二段中a Chinese trader in Indonesia who spots a gap in the market for cheap umbrellas will alert his cousin in Shenzhen who knows someone who runs an umbrella factory.（一个在印度尼西亚的中国商人发现了廉价雨伞市场的缺口，就会提醒他在深圳的表哥，而他的表哥认识一个开伞厂的人。）因此B选项“背井离乡的人们的社会联系”是最佳答案，原文也有讲述很多关于离开家乡的人在异国的发展，以及和家乡的联系；A选项“旅行者、移民、移民等的关系”；C选项“少数民族或发展中国家人民的亲近感”以及D选项“居住在不同国家的移民的社会关系”，都不够准确。2.事实细节题。A选项在第二段的第一句These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across borders. They speed the flow of information（这些亲属关系和语言网络使跨境贸易变得更容易。它们加快了信息的流通），因此A选项“方便信息获取”是文章提到的；B选项在第三段Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the . taking with them both knowledge and contacts.（散居者也有助于传播思想。许多新兴世界最聪明的人都在西方大学接受教育。越来越多的人带着知识和人脉回家。）因此B选项“它为新兴国家提供了更多的知识和技术”也是文章提及了的；C选项也在第三段A Harvard Business . without a joint venture with a local firm.（哈佛商学院的一项研究表明，雇佣大量华裔员工的美国公司发现，如果不与当地公司成立合资企业，在中国成立公司要容易得多。）也就说明他们更加愿意去那些移民者的原生国家，因此C选项“它刺激了外资企业在移民者原生国家的建立”文章也是有提及的；而D选项“它为西方世界注入了活力”没有直接的语句可以证明这一点，因此D选项当选。3.观点态度题。作者在文章中对这种移居现象是很支持的，在第五段中作者说到And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies.（通过将西方与新兴市场联系起来，海外移民帮助富裕国家融入快速增长的经济体。）以及第六段中Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown.（因此，富裕国家可能会从宽松的移民政策中获益；而对于穷国将因“人才外流”而受苦的担忧也是言过其实的。）都是表达了这种移民对于发达国家的益处；而在最后一段中则说到了这种移民对于发展中国家的益处，Government as well as business gains from the spread of ideas through . is good both for those who arrive with suitcases and dreams and for those who should welcome them.（政府和企业都从散居海外的思想传播中获益。至于旧世界，其关闭边界的愿望是可以理解的，但也是危险的。移民把年轻人带到老龄化国家，让思想在数百万流动的头脑中传播，这对那些带着手提箱和梦想来到这里的人和那些应该欢迎他们的人都有好处。）可见在作者看来这种移民无论是对于谁来说都是有益处的，因此作者对于这种移民应该是支持的，A选项“赞成的，赞许的”正确。B选项“中立的”；C选项“批评的”以及D选项“模棱两可的”都是不正确的。4.语义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第七段Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown.（因此，富裕国家可能会从宽松的移民政策中获益；而对于穷国将遭受“人才外流”而受苦的担忧也是言过其实的。）这里根据后面所说的Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to set up new businesses.（技术移民寄钱回家，他们经常回来创办新企业。）可以看出来，作者在这句话中并不支持人才外流这种说法，因此他应该是认为这种说法过于夸张，因此C选项“夸张的”正确。A选项“毁灭性的，全然的”，语义过重；B选项“盛开的，妙龄的”，不符合句意；D选项“过时的”，不正确。5.判断推理题。A选项在第六段The prospect of working abroad spurs more people . the brain drain makes poor countries richer.（出国工作的前景促使更多的人获得有价值的技能。并不是所有的人随后都移居国外。有技术的移民会寄钱回家，他们经常回来创办新企业。一项研究发现，除非穷国失去超过20%的大学毕业生，否则人才外流会让穷国变得更富有。）可以看出A选项“如果能得到控制，人才外流将使贫穷国家比以前更富有”是文章中认为正确的；B选项在第三段Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging worlds brightest minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking with them both knowledge and contacts.（散居者也有助于传播思想。许多新兴世界最聪明的人都是在西方大学接受教育的。越来越多的人带着知识和人脉回家。）而西方国家大部分都是民主国家，因此他们会将民主思想带回家，B选项“海龟们愿意建立一个更加民主的国家”正确；C选项“发达国家应该对移民持宽容态度”，在第五段中And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies.（通过将西方与新兴市场联系起来，海外移民帮助富裕国家融入快速增长的经济体。）以及第六段中Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown.（因此，富裕国家可能会从宽松的移民政策中获益；而对于穷国将因“人才外流”而受苦的担忧也是言过其实的。）也就是说，作者是鼓励西方国家接受移民的，C选项“发达国家应该对移民持宽容态度”，也是文章观点；D选项“在国外工作对世界各地的人都很有吸引力”是文章没有特别体现的。8. 单选题In a sudden（ ）of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.问题1选项A.attackB.burstC.splitD.blast【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项attack“攻击，抨击”；B选项burst“爆炸，猝发，突然爆发”；C选项split“劈开，裂缝”；D选项blast“冲击波，一阵”。句意：那人_，把伸手可及的一切东西都撕碎了。这句话表达的意思是“那人勃然大怒”，因此B选项符合题意。9. 单选题The town is famous for its magnificent tower by the side of the river.问题1选项A.ancientB.splendidC.contemporaryD.delicate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ancient“古代的，古老的”；B选项splendid“辉煌的，极好的”；C选项contemporary“当代的，同龄的”；D选项delicate“精美的，雅致的”。句意：这个城镇以河边的宏伟塔而闻名。根据句意，可以看出与“宏伟的”最接近应该是B选项，因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题The monopoly-capitalist group（ ）many smaller enterprises last year.问题1选项A.integratedB.mergedC.undertakeD.collected【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项integrated“整合”；B选项merged“合并，融合，兼并”；C选项undertake“承担，担保”；D选项collected“收集，收藏”。句意：这家垄断资本集团去年_了许多较小的企业。这里表达是这个垄断公司去兼并别的小公司，因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题His consciousness of the urgency of the situation encouraged him to hurry.问题1选项A.identificationB.recognitionC.comprehensionD.awareness【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension “理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题Sending a child to school in England is a step which many parents do not find easy to take. In theory, at least, the problem is that there are very many choices to make.Let us try to list some of the alternatives between which parents are forced to decide. To begin with, they may ask themselves whether they would like their child to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. They may also consider whether he should go to a school which is connected to a particular church or religious group, or whether the school should have no such connections. Another decision is whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools, though this choice is, of course, only available to the small number of those who can pay. Also connected with the question of money is whether the child should go to a boarding school or live at home. Then there is the question of what the child should do at school. Should it be a school whose curriculum lays emphasis, for instance, on necessary skills, such as reading, writing and mathematics, or one which pays more attention to developing the childs personality, morally, emotionally and socially. Finally, with dissatisfaction with conventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certainly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents minds as to whether the child should be compelled to go to school at all. Although in practice, some parents may not think twice about any of these choices and send their child to the only school available in the immediate neighbourhood，any parent who is interested enough can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.44. Parents find choosing a school hard because（ ）.45. According to the passage, some parents, if allowed, might let their children stay at home because they（ ）.46. What is implied at the very end of the passage?问题1选项A.there is a limited number of choicesB.some schools are very expensiveC.some schools are government schoolsD.they are faced with a variety of offers问题2选项A.dont find conventional education satisfactoryB.dont know how to choose among different schoolsC.intend to educate their children themselvesD.find conventional education too expensive to pay for问题3选项A.Most parents are unconcerned about the choices available to them.B.Interested parents can request more school choices be open to them.C.The educational system may not provide as many choices as expected.D.Most parents usually send their children to the schools nearby.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】44.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二句话In theory, at least, the problem is that there are very many choices to make.（至少在理论上，问题是需要做出很多选择。）也就是说在理论上，父母至少有很多选择，文章还列举了很多可供选择的学校模式。故父母给孩子选择一所学校很困难是因为有太多选择，D选项“他们面临各种各样的学校选择”正确；A选项“选择的数量有限”；B选项“有些学校很贵”以及C选项“有些学校是公立学校”都不是原文的观点。45.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二句Finally, with dissatisfaction with conventional education as great as it is in some circles in England and certainly in the USA, the question might even arise in the parents minds as to whether the child should be compelled to go to school at all.（最后，由于对传统教育的不满，在英国的一些圈子，在美国也有，关于孩子是否应该被强迫去上学的问题可能出现在父母的脑海中。）也就是说由于家长对于传统教育的不满，他们可能会考虑是否让孩子去上学，因此A选项“传统教育并不令人满意”符合题意。B选项“不知道如何在不同的学校中进行选择”；C选项“打算自己教育孩子”以及D选项“发现传统教育太昂贵而无法支付”并不是文章中提出的父母可能不送孩子去上学的原因。46.事实细节题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一句Although in practice, some parents may not think twice about any of these . can insist that as many choices as possible be made open to him, and the system is theoretically supposed to provide them.（虽然在实践中，有些父母可能并不会考虑这些选择，而是把孩子送到附近唯一可以去的的学校，但是有足够兴趣的父母能够坚持要求开放尽可能多的选择，并且，这种选择学校的体制从理论上讲，应该提供这些选择。）由以可知，教育制度并没有提供那么多，而是它有义务开放却没有做到。因此B选项“有兴趣的家长可以要求更多的学校向他们开放”正确。A选项“大多数父母并不关心他们所能做的选择”，并不符合文意；C选项“教育系统提供的选择可能没有预期的那么多”，这个是正确的，但是是表面信息，更深层层次应该是“家长应该要求更多的学校向他们开放”，也就是B选项；D选项“大多数父母通常把他们的孩子送到附近的学校”，这也不是文章所暗示的，只是有提到。13. 单选题The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.问题1选项A.urgentB.difficultC.terrifyingD.puzzling【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”；B选项difficult“困难的”；C选项terrifying“令人恐惧的”；D选项puzzling“令人迷惑的”。句意：任何经济体系面临的最紧迫的问题是如何利用其稀缺的资源。句中划线词的定义是“紧迫的”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。14. 单选题Cases involving young people under 18 are heard in specially constituted children courts.问题1选项A.juniorB.youthC.infantileD.juvenile【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项junior“年轻人（是一个相对的概念，比年轻/低一等级）”；B选项youth“青年，青春（一般指10岁到20岁多一点的男青年）”；C选项infantile“婴儿的”；D选项juvenile“青少年的，幼稚的（是法律用语）”。句意：涉及18岁以下青少年的案件由专门设立的儿童法庭审理。由于原句是涉及到法庭案件，并且儿童是年纪稍小的，因此D选项符合题意。15. 单选题Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel（ ）because of financial trouble.问题1选项A.cutsB.demandsC.reductionsD.orders【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cuts“切口，份额”；B选项demands“需求”；C选项reductions“减少，缩小”；D选项orders“顺序”。句意：最近，由于财政困难，汽车厂不得不进行人事_。根据前句说“财政困难”，可以推测应该是要进行人事减少，因此C选项符合题意。16. 翻译题How would you complete this sentence: “This i