2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷12

2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The use of natural gas to generate electricityfar from perfectly clean but less carbon- （ ）than coal usehas jumped 25 percent since 2008.问题1选项A.inclusiveB.extensiveC.intensiveD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少已经上涨了25%。2. 单选题Julie is one of those women who always（ ）the latest fashions.问题1选项A.look afterB.keep up withC.run forD.get on with【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。look after意为“照顾”；keep up with意为“跟上，对消息灵通，保持接触”；run for意为“竞选，赶快去请”；get on with意为“继续（干某事）”。句意：朱莉是那些总是追求时髦的女性之一。3. 单选题It （ ）to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.问题1选项A.pains herB.makes her painC.is painingD.is pained【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。it pains sb. to see意为“看到使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山区的孩子无法接受基础教育使她心痛。4. 单选题What you overheard that day did have something to do with Martin （ ）.问题1选项A.in a wayB.in the wayC.on the wayD.out of the way【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。in a way意为“在某种程度上”；in the way意为“妨碍”；on the way意为“在途中，接近”；out of the way意为“偏远”。句意：你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。5. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as lie used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friend think we are odd or dull.What cause fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around, you and youll see that no else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazines and TV定位到文章第二段中Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. 可知时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. 可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freer and easier定位到文章第五段中Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。6. 单选题The press in America is particularly important because, （1）than in any other country, it is recognized as having a responsible role to（2）in relation to one aspect of the process of government. The press（3）is an American invention, and it began to be important（4）the form of a meeting between President and（5）in which the President（6）question. Press conferences take place all（7）the world now, but the presidential press conference is an institution（8）gives us a key（9）the special role America（10）to the press and to the newspapermen. The British parliament has its question time（11）each day Members of Parliament（12）question to ministers in charge of（13）departments, and some European parliaments have something of（14）kind. There is no possibility（15）such a device in the United States Congress because heads of executive departments are not members of（16）Thus the executive has no political platform（17）which to explain its（18）and give information. President Franklin Roosevelt showed the advantages of using the Press for such（19）when he called regular meetings of newspapermen（20）which he invited questions.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.ratherD.greater问题2选项A.performB.conductC.doD.make问题3选项A.sessionB.meetC.meetingD.conference问题4选项A.atB.withC.inD.for问题5选项A.ministerB.officialsC.opponentsD.journalists问题6选项A.repliedB.replied toC.answered toD.returned问题7选项A.overB.roundC.upD.though问题8选项A.whereB.whatC.whichD.it问题9选项A.forB.atC.towardsD.to问题10选项A.resignsB.assignsC.designsD.assists问题11选项A.whenB.onC.forD.in问题12选项A.answerB.respondC.addressD.serve问题13选项A.executiveB.managementC.executionD.direction问题14选项A.sameB.a sameC.the sameD.the similar问题15选项A.forB.toC.aboutD.of问题16选项A.itB.themC.importanceD.significance问题17选项A.withB.throughC.forD.in问题18选项A.viewsB.pointsC.standsD.locations问题19选项A.sakeB.saveC.intentionsD.purposes问题20选项A.inB.onC.atD.for【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。由前面的“新闻在美国尤其重要”可推测此处表示比较，比在其他国家更重要，因此填more。第2题:考查固定搭配。perform a role意为“扮演角色”。第3题:考查固定搭配。the press conference意为“新闻发布会，记者招待会”，后面句子也提到了Press conferences。第4题:考查固定搭配。in the form of意为“以的形式”。第5题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文，可知此处为记者招待会，故应为总统与记者的见面，因此选D。第6题:考查动词辨析。answer作动词时，后面直接跟宾语；rely一般作不及物动词，后面接to，reply to意为“回答，答复”。第7题:考查固定搭配。all over the world意为“全世界”。第8题:考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词an institution表示物，因此用which引导定语从句。第9题:考查固定搭配。a key to.意为“的关键”。第10题:考查固定搭配。assign.to意为“赋予（某功能或价值）”。第11题:考查定语从句。先行词time表示时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。第12题:考查动词辨析。answer意为“答复”；respond意为“回答，响应”；address意为“对发话”；serve意为“（为）服务”。此处表示议员向行政官员发问，因此选C。第13题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示负责行政部门的部长，与后文中的heads of executive departments相对应，因此选A。第14题:考查固定搭配。same一般与定冠词the连用，the same意为“一样的”。第15题:考查介词辨析。of意为“的”，此处表示的可能性。第16题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知行政部门不是United States Congress（美国国会）的成员，因此用it指代美国国会，选A。第17题:考查介词辨析。此处表示这些行政官员没有地方通过论坛的形式解释他们的观点，因此填through（通过）。第18题:考查逻辑关系。由后面的give information（提供信息）可知此处与explain views（解释观点）像对应。第19题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示利用新闻达到这样的目的，因此填purpose。第20题:考查固定搭配。空格后的which指的是meeting，此处表示在会议上，总统要求大家提出问题。at the meeting意为“在会议上”。7. 单选题He （ ）his head, wondering how to solve the problem.问题1选项A.scrappedB.screwedC.scrapedD.scratched【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。scrap意为“废弃，报废”；screw意为“旋紧，拧紧”；scrape意为“刮，擦”；scratch意为“挠，搔，抓”。句意：他挠他的头，不知如何解决这个问题。8. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.This is, as it were, his professional equipment, （2）this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work（3）his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult other（4）his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding（5）with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to（6）rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently（7）of him in such work.Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e, the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking（8）that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage（9）a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can（10）with. It is, however, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced.问题1选项A.applicationB.useC.utilityD.usage问题2选项A.More thanB.Except forC.Because ofD.In addition to问题3选项A.ofB.byC.forD.on问题4选项A.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.if问题5选项A.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skill问题6选项A.changeB.transformC.turnD.switch问题7选项A.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confronted问题8选项A.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.useless问题9选项A.overB.despiteC.rather thanD.instead问题10选项A.dealB.concernC.workD.do away【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析。application意为“应用，运用”，指理论知识的运用；use意为“使用”，指工具等的使用；utility意为“效用，有用”，指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用；usage意为“使用”，指具体的用法。 language of habitual use表示“习惯性使用语言”，指语言的适用。第2题:考查上下文语义。此处表示翻译人员除了应具备前面所说的基本知识外，还应有好学的品质。more than意为“不只是”；except for意为“除之外”；because of意为“因为，由于”；in addition to意为“另外，除之外（还）”。第3题:考查固定搭配。on ones own意为“靠自己”。第4题:考查虚拟语气。此处是if对将来的虚拟，从句中省略了if，采用部分倒装。第5题:考查固定搭配。a nodding acquaintance意为“点头之交”。第6题:考查动词辨析。change from.to意为“从变成”；transform意为“改变，改观”；turn意为“转变”；switch意为“转换，交换”。此处表示从一种语言转换到另一种语言。第7题:考查固定搭配。be lacked of意为“缺乏”；require sth.of sb.意为“对某人有某物的要求”；be faced with意为“面临”；be confronted with意为“面对，面临”。第8题:考查上下文语义，由前面的the nature of the translators work, the processing of the written, it is（译者工作的性质即文字的处理）和后面的be able to speak the language he is dealing with（能够说他正在处理的语言）可知严格来说他不必会讲他说处理的语言。第9题:考查连词。此处表示是优势而不是障碍，rather than意为“而不是”，instead需要与of一起连用，才能表示“而不是”。第10题:考查固定搭配。deal with意为“处理”；concern不与with连用；work with意为“工作”；do away with意为“废除，消灭”。9. 单选题I got several lengthy phone calls from （ ）employers who were very interested in me.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.rewardingC.generousD.monotonous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。prospective意为“预期的”；rewarding意为“值得的”；generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意为“单调乏味的”。句意：我接到几个来自乏味雇主的冗长的电话，他们对我很感兴趣。10. 单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a m one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p. in to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence（发生率）of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1.Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in （ ）.3.The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be（ ）.4.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introductionB.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftsC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficientlyB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.body temperature changes with the cycle of sleep and wakefulness问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines.（例如，人们可以轻松地从白天工作到晚上工作，这是一个在自动化工业中越来越重要的问题，在这个行业中，要求机器全天候运转） 可知选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m to 12 midnight the third and so on.（不幸的是，在工业中，每周都会发生变化；一个人每周可以从午夜12点工作到每周8点，第二天晚上8点到下午4点，下午4点到12点，以此类推）可知选B。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）可知选C。第4题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; particularly in terms of performance.（知道一个人何时适应的方法是测量他的体温。从事正常日间工作的人在清醒的时候会有较高的温度，晚上则会有较低的温度；特别是在工作表现方面）可知选A。第5题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）和最后一段中So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.（然而，到目前为止，这种选择形式似乎还没有在实践中得到应用）可知选B。11. 单选题Nancy complained about the （ ）air conditioner she bought from the department store.问题1选项A.inefficientB.deficientC.ineffectiveD.defective【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。inefficient意为“无效率的，无能的”；deficient意为“不足的，缺乏的”；in