2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷33

2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题_ the door than somebody started knocking on it.问题1选项A.I had closed no soonerB.I had no sooner closedC.No sooner have I closedD.No sooner I closed【答案】B【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我刚关上门，就有人开始敲门。no soonerthan是固定搭配，意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时，基本用法为：主语+had no sooner done sth. than+主语+did。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and things would never be the same again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes to ruin her life. The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast. It wasnt long before the whole of Britain knew what had happened in the Queen VictoriaDirty Den, the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistakea little youthful stupidity. Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role. Even though shes never had an experience like it herself, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap opera.Susan says that she never became involved with men during her school years because of her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys. While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.“I dont feel as though Ive missed out on anything,” she insists. “And unlike a lot of my friends. Ive got plenty to look forward to. Thats whats so nice about my boyfriend now. Its very comfortable and theres lots to find out about each other.”“Its then that I feel sad for Michelle. When she should be going out and having fun, shes having to worry about whether shes going to breastfeed the baby. Shes sad to say goodbye to being a teenager.”1. What evidence is there that Michelles pregnancy is not just a problem dreamed up for a soap opera?2. How did Susan avoid the dangers that many of her school friends faced?3. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?4. What does the word “lines” in paragraph 5 mean?5. The best title for this passage is _.问题1选项A.Michelle has got several letters from some young people.B.Michelle always has several appointments every week.C.Susan became involved with men during her school years.D.Susan has got many letters from people in the same situation.问题2选项A.By thinking of Michelle as her younger sister.B.By doing many projects at home.C.By working hard at school and at the TV studio.D.By dating her boyfriend during her school years.问题3选项A.Susan played Michelle successfully in a soap opera.B.Michelles case is not rare in the British schools.C.Girls should not yield themselves to a man easily.D.Susan should have taken part in discos and parties in her school years.问题4选项A.Direction of a course.B.Words spoken by an actor.C.Thread for hanging clothes.D.Telephone connection.问题5选项A.Sorry for Susan TullyB.Sorry for MichelleC.Susans School YearsD.Susans Hopes and Dreams【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.（然而，随着十几岁的单身妈妈越来越多，这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题正如饰演米歇尔的女演员苏珊塔利从数百封信中发现的那样：这是许多年轻女孩面临的两难境地。），说明苏珊塔利收到的许多相同情况的信件证明了这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题。因此D选项“苏珊收到了很多相同情况的人的信”正确。A选项“米歇尔收到了几封来自一些年轻人的信”，B选项“米歇尔每周总是有几个约会”，C选项“苏珊在学生时代就开始与男人交往”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明苏珊是通过努力学习和演戏来充实自己，从而避免了她的许多朋友所面临的危险。因此C选项“通过在学校和电视工作室努力工作”正确。A选项“通过把米歇尔当作她的妹妹”，B选项“通过在家里做许多项目”，D选项“通过在上学期间与她的男朋友约会”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。3.推理判断题。A选项“苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔”，由原文its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role.（很容易理解为什么苏珊在这个角色上如此成功）可知，苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔，A选项表述正确，排除A。B选项“米歇尔的情况在英国学校里并不罕见”，由原文its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school.（从她在学校的同龄人身上发生的事情来看，她清楚地认识到了这一点。）可知，米歇尔的情况在英国学校里经常发生，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服”，由原文The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.（她所有希望和梦想的终点，她童年和少年时的纯真，都在她第一次也是唯一一次屈服于一个男人时被剥夺了。）可知，女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服，否则会造成很严重的后果，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“苏珊在学生时代应该去跳迪斯科、参加派对”，由原文While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.（晚上，他们一起去跳迪斯科、参加派对，她却在拼命地补功课。）可知，苏珊没有去跳迪斯科、参加派对，而是通过努力学习避免了其他同学所面临的危险，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“lines”可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明“lines”在文中是指“剧本台词”的意思。因此B选项“演员的台词”正确。A选项“一条路线的方向”，C选项“用于悬挂衣服的线”，D选项“电话连接”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章由苏珊扮演的角色米歇尔开场，然后由这个场景引发了苏珊对目前很多年轻女孩成为未成年母亲问题的一些探讨，接着她联系到了自己的生活紧张而充实。和别的同龄人不一样，她很满意目前自己和男朋友之间保持一定距离的关系，但是这又让她想到了米歇尔，为米歇尔过早地承受本不应属于她这个年龄的痛苦感到痛惜。因此B选项“为米歇尔感到难过”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“为苏珊塔利难过”，由原文可知，苏珊没有对自己的生活感到痛惜，相反她对自己的现状非常满意，所以A错误。C选项“苏珊的学生时代”，D选项“苏珊的希望和梦想”，由原文可知，本文大量的篇幅还是围绕米歇尔展开话题的，所以C, D错误。3. 单选题In my opinion, hes _ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.问题1选项A.quite the mostB.very the mostC.by far the mostD.rather the mo【答案】B【解析】考查最高级。句意：在我看来，他是当代所有诗人中最富有想象力的。因此选项正确。by far是一个副词词组，表示“得多，显然”，用来修饰比较级或最高级，强调程度、数量等。very, quite, rather一般修饰形容词原级。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Columbus was _ his times in his belief that the Earth was round.问题1选项A.in front ofB.in advance ofC.beforeD.ahead of【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项in front of“在前面”，指在某地方之外的前面；B选项in advance of“预先”，表示预先、提前做某事；C选项before“在之前”，指空间位置或时间的之前；D选项ahead of“领先”，表示领先于某物。句意：哥伦布认为地球是圆的，这走在了他那个时代的前面。本句表示领先于时代。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Though he is only 7 years old, he has a _ imagination.问题1选项A.faithfulB.fertileC.frankD.furious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faithful“忠实的”；B选项fertile“丰富的”；C选项frank“坦白的”；D选项furious“激烈的”。句意：虽然他只有7岁，但他有丰富的想象力。本句表示丰富的想象力。因此B选项正确。6. 翻译题Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Grossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves.” He says.“Resume (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates dont bother to spell the companys name correctly. On seeing such a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest of the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont, we should drop them and move to something else”.Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.【答案】注重细节是每个人都可以而且应该做到的事，尤其是在就业市场紧张的情况下。人力资源专家鲍勃格罗斯利在他每天收到的求职申请中注意到了这一点。“有那么多候选人自我淘汰，真是令人吃惊。”他说。“收到的简历上布满污点。有些求职者连公司名称都懒得拼对。一旦看到这样的错误，我就会淘汰这个候选人。”“如果他们不能顾及这些细节，我们为什么要把工作托付给他们？”我们可以过于注重细节吗？当然。完美主义者总是为了一件小事花费比事情本身更大的代价去完成。加州大学旧金山分校副教授查尔斯加菲尔德说：“为了不失去树中之林，我们必须不断自问，我们正在处理的细节如何与大局相适应。如果它们不适合，我们就应该放弃它们，转而做其他事情。”了解我们的目的有助于我们判断所承担的每一项任务的重要性。我们常常认为别人成功的原因是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的机遇。但成功很少是如此神秘的。我们一次又一次地看到，在力所能及的范围内将一些小事做好，大的回报就会随之而来。7. 单选题Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser” work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinatingrescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators (拖延者), some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “goofing off (游手好闲)”, Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy” build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “laziness” were caused by the workers taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lady”that is, taking time off for a rest-is good for an overworked student or, executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor whos simply working himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.1. The main idea of this passage is that _.2. The passage states that _.3. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?4. The final paragraph is _.5. The word “devised” in Para. 2 means _.问题1选项A.laziness is a moral sinB.there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyC.laziness indicates deep-seated emotional problemsD.lazy people do more careful work问题2选项A.laziness is a diseaseB.some lazy people are insecureC.laziness is more beneficial than harmfulD.a good definition of laziness is emotional illness问题3选项A.The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.B.Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C.Most assembly line workers are lazy.D.Most insecure people are lazy.问题4选项A.somberB.humorousC.seriousD.trite (陈腐的)问题5选项A.formulateB.understoodC.wroteD.proved【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲了懒惰是一种罪恶，第二段又指出懒惰也会起到很大的作用，说明本文主要讲的是懒惰的坏处和好处。因此B选项“懒惰有好处也有坏处”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“懒惰是一种道德上的罪恶”，C选项“懒惰表明了根深蒂固的情感问题”，D选项“懒惰的人做的工作更仔细”均不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第五句They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen.（他们可能非常不信任他们的同事，以至于无法参加任何小组任务，因为害怕被嘲笑或担心他们的想法被窃取。），说明懒惰表明了一种根深蒂固的情感问题。因此D选项“对于懒惰的一个很好的定义是情感疾病”正确。A选项“懒惰是一种疾病”，B选项“一些懒惰的人没有安全感”，C选项“懒惰的好处多于坏处”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后两句So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.（所以当你想说别人懒的时候要小心。那个人可能正在思考、休息或计划他或她的下一本书。），说明有时形容别人懒惰并不准确。因此A选项“懒惰这个词有时被错误地应用”正确。B选项“大多数时候，懒惰是一种美德”，C选项“大多数装配线工人都是懒惰的”，D选项“大多数没有安全感的人都是懒惰的”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。4.观点态度题。由第二段可知，作者用一种轻松诙谐的笔调把懒惰和成功联系起来说明懒惰有哪些好处，观点十分新颖。因此B选项“幽默的”正确。A选项“阴沉的”，C选项“严肃的”，D选项“陈腐的”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.语义推测题。由题干关键词“devised”可以定位到文章第二段第三句Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity.（当牛顿被苹果砸到，发明了引力理论时，他并不在果园里工作。），说明“devised”在文中是指“发明”的意思。因此A选项“发明”正确。B选项“理解”，C选项“写下”，D选项“证明”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。8. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a Western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a lest tube and forgot about it. A quarter-century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade, to the early 1950s or even the 1940s.Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man. A close look at the genetic mutations in the Leopoldville sample strongly suggests that all it look to launch the AIDS epidemic was one unlucky turn of events.By comparing the DNA of the 1959 virus with that of samples taken from the 1980s and 1990s, Ho and his colleagues constructed a viral family tree in which the Leopoldville isolate sits right at the juncture where three subtypes branch out. The 39-year-old specimen is also strikingly similar to the other seven subtypes. The clear implication: all the viral strains can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events. One theory is that AIDS started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area and spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.The findings underscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to its surroundings, making it devilishly difficult to develop effective vaccines. No one knows how many more subtypes of HIV will sprout in the next 40 years, but chances are that they will be every bit as lethal as the ones we see today, if not more so.1. What does the phrase “Belgian Congo” mean?2. According to this article, HIV in human body originated from _.3. Are the ten subtypes of the AIDS virus variation of one?4. Which of the following statements is true?5. Which of the following is the best topic for this passage?问题1选项A.Belgium was a colony of Congo.B.Congo was a colony of Belgium.C.Belgian Congo was an African state.D.Belgium and Congo were two separate countries.问题2选项A.animalsB.plantsC.foodD.not mentioned in the article问题3选项A.Yes.B.No.C.Scientists are not sure about it at present.D.It is not mentioned in the article.问题4选项A.All the viral strains can be traced back to a single event.B.HIV cannot easily adapt to its surroundings.C.AIDS started through contact with inflected monkeys in a remote area.D.AIDS started through urbanization and mass inoculations.问题5选项A.How to Protect Yourself from AIDS?B.Where Does HIV Come From?C.Classification of HIV.D.When Did AIDS Begin?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Belgian Congo”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo.（地点：非洲中部城市利奥波德维尔，现称金沙萨，就在比属刚果解放后暴力叛乱浪潮爆发前不久。），比属刚果是比利时对刚果殖民统治时期对刚果的称呼，说明“Belgian Congo”是指“比利时的殖民地刚果”。因此B选项“刚果是比利时的一个殖民地”正确。A选项“比利时是刚果的一个殖民地”，C选项“比属刚果是一个非洲国家”，D选项“比利时和刚果是两个独立的国家”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature.（根据上周发表在自然杂志上的一份报告，利奥波德维尔样本是迄今为止分离出来的最古老的艾滋病病毒样本，现在可能有助于解开该病毒是如何以及何时从动物传染给人类的谜团。），说明人体内的HIV来源于动物。因此A选项“动物”正确。B选项“植物”，C选项“食物”，D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man.（在过去的15年里，科学家们已经确认了至少10种艾滋病病毒的亚型。但是他们不能确定他们看到的是一种可变病毒的变异，还是几种不同病毒从灵长类动物传染给人类的结果。），说明科学家还不能确定艾滋病病毒的十种亚型是一种的变异。因此C选项“科学家们目前还不能确定”正确。A选项“是”，B选项“不是”，D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文，所以A, B, D错误。4.客观细节题。A选项“所有的病毒菌株都可以追溯到一个单一事件”，由原文The clear implication: all the viral strains can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events.（显而易见的是：所有的病毒毒株都可以追溯到一个单一事件或一组密切相关的事件。）可知，病毒毒株不只可以追溯到单一时间，还有密切相关的一组事件，所以A错误。B选项“艾滋病病毒不容易适应其周围环境”，由原文The findings underscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to its surroundings（这些发现强调了艾滋病毒适应环境的速度有多快）可知，艾滋病病毒很容易适应周围环境，所以B错误。D选项“艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种开始的”，由原文spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.（通过城市化和大规模接种传播到其他人群。）可知，艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种传播，而不是由其开始，所以D错误。C选项“艾滋病是通过与偏远地区的受感染的猴子接触开始的”，由原文AIDS started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area（艾滋病起源于与偏远地区受感染的猴子的接触）可知，艾滋病是通过与偏远地区受感染的猴子接触开始的，C选项符合原文，所以本题选C。5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先描述了利奥波德维尔的一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血，25年后艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。接着进一步强调并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单，之后介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒并对其进行研究的重要意义。因此B选项“艾滋病病毒从何而来”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“如何保护自己远离艾滋病”，C选项“艾滋病病毒的分类”在文中没有提及，所以A, C错误。D选项“艾滋病是什么时候开始的”只是文章的某一部分，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。9. 单选题Their dog was a substitute _ the children they had never had.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们的狗代替了他们从未有过的孩子。a substitute for是固定搭配，意为“某种东西的替代物”。其他三项不能和substitute搭配。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat.” Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the