2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷82

2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Electric eels use charges to _ prey and also stun them before they eat them.问题1选项A.examineB.detectC.determineD.search【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examine“检查”；B选项detect“探测”；C选项determine“决定”；D选项search“搜索”。句意：电鳗利用电荷探测猎物，并在吃掉猎物之前把它们打晕。本句表示探测猎物。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The doctor _ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.问题1选项A.assuredB.confirmedC.ensuredD.confessed【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项assured“使确信”，指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生；B选项confirmed“确认”，指以事实或以不容置疑的陈述来证实某事的正确；C选项ensured“保证”，指设法或采取措施保证某事能成功；D选项confessed“坦白”，指承认意识到自己的错误或罪行。句意：医生向我保证，如果我照他的建议去做，几天后不适就会消失。本句表示十分肯定的保证。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Their dog was a substitute _ the children they had never had.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们的狗代替了他们从未有过的孩子。a substitute for是固定搭配，意为“某种东西的替代物”。其他三项不能和substitute搭配。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Just about 40% of employees and managers in a North American survey said they know how they can increase their base pay or cash bonuses. The results suggest employers lose much of the value of the pay raises and bonuses they distribute by not communicating effectively. “Many employees and managers simply dont understand why they get paid what they do,” points out Rob Heneman, professor of management and human resources, Ohio State University, Columbus. “Businesses cant get a good return of their compensation investment if people dont understand how their pay is determined.”The survey of more than 6,000 managers and employees in 26 organizations in the U.S. and Canada showed that employees and managers felt their employers did a good job explaining their performance objectives and the way their performance is measured. They were unclear, though, about how performance was related to pay. Surprisingly, employees reported they knew more about stock options at their companies and how they are determined than how base pay is. However, the results showed that base pay knowledge plays a larger role in overall pay satisfaction than do other forms of compensation, such as bonuses. Employees who had higher levels of pay knowledge showed greater overall pay satisfaction, which, in turn, was linked to higher levels of retention (聘用) commitment to the company, and even trust in management. In other words, Heneman emphasizes, ensuring that employees understand their pay is good for a companys bottom line.He feels that corporate culture is often a major problem in dealing with the lack of pay knowledge among workers. In many companies, it is considered tabooor even explicitly forbiddento discuss matters dealing with salary. In lieu of (代替) disclosing actual pay amounts of employees to others within the company, management can provide more information about pay practices and policies, such as the process used to determine salary, and the average of raises in a particular year. Workers want more than generalities; they want to know how pay policies apply to their particular situation, Heneman points out. That often means managers need to sit down with their employees one-on-one.1. What does the North American Survey mainly suggest?2. The employers of many companies failed to _.3. Which of the following is the most important factor in overall pay satisfaction?4. The employees who understand and are satisfied with their pay would _.5. What can employers do to help their employees know better how pay is determined?问题1选项A.If the employers make their pay policy known better, the company would get more in return.B.If the employers make their pay policy known better, they would get pay raises and bonuses.C.If the employees know more about the pay policy of the company, they would get more.D.If the employees know more about the pay policy of the company, they would become one in the management.问题2选项A.explain what their performance objectives wereB.explain the way performance was measuredC.explain the way performance was related to payD.explain how performance was related to promotion问题3选项A.Stock options.B.Bonuses.C.Corporate culture.D.Base pay.问题4选项A.be willing to remain in the bottom lineB.be willing to be loyal and dedicated to the companyC.be ensured that their pay is justifiedD.be ensured that their employers are worthwhile问题5选项A.They can shatter the taboo by encouraging discussion about salary matters among the employees.B.They can disclose pay amounts of employees to others within the company.C.They can talk with individual employee about how pay policies apply to his particular situation.D.They can tell all employees the total of raises in a particular year.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句The results suggest employers lose much of the value of the pay raises and bonuses they distribute by not communicating effectively.（结果表明，由于没有进行有效沟通，雇主失去了他们所发放的加薪和奖金的大部分价值。），说明因为雇主没有良好地向员工传达企业的薪酬政策，所以无法获得良好的薪酬投资回报。因此A选项“如果雇主更好地宣传他们的薪酬政策，公司会得到更多的回报”正确。B选项“如果雇主让他们的薪酬政策更广为人知，他们就会得到加薪和奖金”，原文说的是只有少部分员工知道如何获得加薪和奖金，所以B错误。C选项“如果员工更了解公司的薪酬政策，他们会得到更多”，D选项“如果员工更了解公司的薪酬政策，他们就会成为管理层中的一员”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句They were unclear, though, about how performance was related to pay.（不过，他们不清楚绩效与薪酬之间的关系。），说明许多雇主没有解释清楚绩效与薪酬之间的关系。因此C选项“解释绩效与薪酬的关系”正确。A选项“解释他们的绩效目标是什么”，B选项“解释衡量业绩的方式”，由原文可知，雇主在解释业绩目标和衡量业绩的方式方面做得很好，所以A, B错误。D选项“解释绩效与晋升的关系”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句However, the results showed that base pay knowledge plays a larger role in overall pay satisfaction than do other forms of compensation, such as bonuses.（然而，研究结果显示，基本工资知识对总体薪酬满意度的影响要大于奖金等其他形式的薪酬。），说明整体薪酬满意度中最重要的因素是基本工资。因此D选项“基本工资”正确。A选项“股票期权”，B选项“奖金”，C选项“企业文化”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句Employees who had higher levels of pay knowledge showed greater overall pay satisfaction, which, in turn, was linked to higher levels of retention commitment to the company, and even trust in management.（薪酬知识水平较高的员工总体薪酬满意度更高，这反过来又与对公司的保留承诺更高，甚至与对管理层的信任程度更高有关。），说明了解并对自己的薪酬感到满意的员工会对公司更加忠诚和信任。因此B选项“愿意对公司忠诚和奉献”正确。A选项“愿意留在底线中”，C选项“被确保他们的薪酬是合理的”，D选项“被确保他们的雇主是有价值的”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后两句Workers want more than generalities; they want to know how pay policies apply to their particular situation, Heneman points out. That often means managers need to sit down with their employees one-on-one.（亨曼指出，员工想要的不仅仅是一般性的信息；他们想知道薪酬政策如何适用于他们的具体情况。这往往意味着管理人员需要与员工一对一地坐下来谈。），说明雇主可以通过和员工一对一谈话来帮助他们更好地了解薪酬政策。因此C选项“他们可以与员工单独讨论薪资政策如何适用于他的特殊情况”正确。A选项“他们可以通过鼓励员工之间讨论工资问题来打破禁忌”，由原文可知，在许多公司谈论工资问题是明确禁止的，打破禁忌并不能帮助员工更好地了解薪酬政策，所以A错误。B选项“他们可以向公司内部的其他人披露员工的工资数额”，由原文可知，比起向公司内部其他人披露员工的实际薪酬，管理层有其他可以公布的有效信息，所以B错误。D选项“他们可以告诉所有员工某一年的加薪总额”，原文说的是特定年份的平均加薪幅度，而不是加薪总额，所以D错误。5. 单选题The bartender walked out _ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.问题1选项A.from beforeB.from underC.from behindD.from across【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项before“在之前”；B选项under“在下面”；C选项behind“在后面”；D选项across“穿过”。句意：酒保从柜台后面走出来，开始把那个醉汉赶出酒吧。本句表示从柜台后面走出来。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题We havent seen our neighbor for over a week. They _ on a trip abroad.问题1选项A.could goB.must goC.may have goneD.should have gone【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的使用。A选项could表示过去的时间会做某事；B选项must表示必须做某事，C选项may have done表示对过去所发生动作的猜测，D选项should have done表示本应该做某事而没做。句意：我们已经一个多星期没见到邻居了。他们可能去国外旅行了。本句表示对过去动作的猜测。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题We _ so as not to wake the child.问题1选项A.whisperedB.moanedC.gruntedD.muttered【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项whispered“低声地说”；B选项moaned“呻吟”；C选项grunted“咕哝着说”；D选项muttered“喃喃自语”。句意：我们低声说话，以免吵醒孩子。本句表示低声说话。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. “Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bees busy nature is based on a misconception,” he said. People only really see bees when theyre out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing around. They dont get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers. Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficient, “At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing. Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.”The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old. One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux, the novelist and part-time beekeeper.” I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working,” he said. Mr. Theroux added that Prof. Menzels research could have been affected by his national origins. “Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy,” he said.Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away, despite the efforts of Prof. Menzel. It seems absurd to apply the word “lazy” to a colony of creatures capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb. The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified. In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the “waggle dance” of bees, telling businessmen to “make your business waggle.”1. Prof. Randolf Menzels latest research _.2. Prof. Randolf Menzel would disagree that _.3. According to Glyn Davies, what should we learn from bees?4. It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans _.5. The IBM ads in the passage are used to _.问题1选项A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among beesB.confirms our knowledge of the relations among beesC.challenges our perception of the nature of beesD.confirms our perception of the nature of bees问题2选项A.bees are hardworkingB.bees are quick learnersC.bees have intelligenceD.bees have good memory问题3选项A.How to work faster.B.How to live longer.C.How to cooperate with each other.D.How to improve work efficiency.问题4选项A.are easily affected by their national charactersB.are extremely busy and hard workingC.have many things in common with beesD.tend to look down upon lazy people问题5选项A.show the popularity of the idea of busy beesB.emphasize the negative image of busy beesC.initiate public discussions on the busy bee imageD.question the comparison of busy bees to humans【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate.（根据柏林自由大学兰道夫门泽尔教授的最新研究，蜜蜂广为流传的终极辛勤工作者形象是不准确的。），说明最新研究表明人们之前对蜜蜂的印象是不准确的。因此C选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”正确。A选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，B选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，本文讨论的不是蜜蜂之间的关系，所以A, B错误。D选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、记忆力和快速学习能力来弥补它们明显的懒惰。），说明兰道夫门泽尔教授不同意蜜蜂很勤劳的观点。因此A选项“蜜蜂是勤劳的”正确。B选项“蜜蜂的学习能力很强”，C选项“蜜蜂有高智商”，D选项“蜜蜂有良好的记忆力”都是教授认同的蜜蜂的优势，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficientand perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.（英国养蜂人协会的主席格林戴维斯说，蜜蜂不是懒惰而是有效率也许人类应该向它们学习，而不是像无头鸡一样跑来跑去。），说明格林戴维斯认为人类应该向蜜蜂学习如何提高工作效率。因此D选项“如何提高工作的效率”正确。A选项“如何更快地工作”，B选项“如何活得更久”，C选项“如何相互合作”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy（也许与德国的工作效率相比，蜜蜂确实看起来很懒），说明德国人很忙碌，工作很勤奋，蜜蜂和其对比起来就显得比较懒惰。因此B选项“非常忙碌和努力工作”正确。A选项“容易受到民族性格的影响”，原文说的是门泽尔教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影响，而不是说德国人，所以A错误。C选项“与蜜蜂有许多共同之处”，D选项“倾向于看不起懒惰的人”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，虽然有最新研究的结果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奋的形象还是很难改变，最后用IBM的广告举例表明人们仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奋的特性。因此A选项“显示了忙碌的蜜蜂这一观念的流行”正确。B选项“强调了忙碌的蜜蜂的负面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一种负面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B错误。C选项“引发公众对忙碌的蜜蜂形象的讨论”，原文没有描述其引发的讨论，所以C错误。D选项“质疑忙碌的蜜蜂与人类的比较”，原文没有质疑，所以D错误。9. 单选题The Government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the homeless.问题1选项A.whatB.allC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：政府承诺尽其所能缓解无家可归者的困难。what lies in its power是一个宾语从句，作动词do的宾语，what在从句中做主语。all不能引导宾语从句，排除B选项。that在宾语从句中不能做主语，排除C选项。which引导宾语从句是意为“哪一个”，不符合句意，排除D选项。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds （1） on roofs and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are （2） together because, very soon, they will be flying （3） to much warmer lands, where they will find （4） the small flying insects on which they （5）. There are no such insects （6） in Britain during the winter; it is （7） cold for them.The swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and （8） again. This they do many times, for they are making short （9） flights in order to be fit for the long journey （10） them.（11） of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly （12） for hundreds of miles （13） they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with （14）. In the spring of the following year they （15） the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the （16） district which they had left the （17） autumn. How do these birds find their （18） there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly （19）, but it has something to do （20） winds and air currents. 问题1选项A.being perchedB.perchedC.being perchingD.be perched问题2选项A.gatheringB.assemblingC.waitingD.forming问题3选项A.to southB.the southC.to southwardsD.south问题4选项A.great number ofB.a great deal ofC.plenty ofD.numerous问题5选项A.feedB.are fedC.eatD.rely问题6选项A.nearB.aboutC.nearbyD.over问题7选项A.tooB.a bitC.veryD.much问题8选项A.fly offB.swoopC.settleD.turn back问题9选项A.practicalB.practicingC.practiceD.practiced问题10选项A.in advanceB.ahead ofC.in front ofD.in front问题11选项A.SwarmsB.HerdsC.FlocksD.Schools问题12选项A.firmlyB.stoutlyC.harshlyD.steadily问题13选项A.untilB.beforeC.whenD.as问题14选项A.in the wayB.on the wayC.half the wayD.all the way问题15选项A.haveB.flyC.findD.make问题16选项A.oldB.originalC.familiarD.identical问题17选项A.beforeB.previousC.above goingD.former问题18选项A.wayB.pathC.courseD.route问题19选项A.whyB.whenC.howD.what问题20选项A.againstB.awayC.forD.with【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:D第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.考查非谓语动词。perched是过去分词作形容词，在这里表示“栖息于某处”的状态。句意：在英国的九月，你可以看到大量的鸟栖息在屋顶和电线上。因此B选项符合题意。2.考查动词辨析。A选项gathering“聚集”；B选项assembling“集合”；C选项waiting“等待”；D选项forming“形成”。句意：它们聚集在一起。只有gather能和together搭配，表示“聚在一起”。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查方位词。south此处为副词，表示“向南方”，相当于southwards。句意：因为很快他们就会向南飞到更温暖的地方。因此D选项符合题意。4.考查近义词组辨析。四个选项都表示“许多，大量”。A选项great number of前面缺少a；B选项a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词；C选项plenty of既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式；D选项numerous后面不加the。句意：在那里他们将找到大量的小飞虫。因此C选项符合题意。5.考查固定搭配。A选项feed“喂食”；B选项are fed“被喂食”；C选项eat“吃”；D选项rely“依靠”。feed on是固定搭配，表示“以为食物”。句意：在那里它们会找到很多它们赖以为生的小飞虫。燕子以飞虫为食是主动语态。因此A选项符合题意。6.考查介词辨析。A选项near“靠近”；B选项about“在四处”；C选项nearby“在附近”；D选项over“在上面”。句意：英国的冬天没有这样的昆虫。about在此处是副词，表示“周围”。因此B选项符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。A选项too“太”；B选项a bit“一点儿”；C选项very“非常”；D选项much“许多”。句意：对他们来说太冷了。too for是固定搭配，表示“对来说太了”。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查动词辨析。A选项fly off“飞出”；B选项swoop“俯冲”；C选项settle“停息”；D选项turn back“往回走”。句意：燕子停了下来，飞走了，俯冲下来，又停了下来。因此C选项符合题意。9.考查形近词辨析。A选项practical“实用性的”；B选项practicing“在工作的”；C选项practice“练习”；D选项practiced“熟练的”。句意：因为他们在做短途飞行练习。因此C选项符合题意。10.考查词组辨析。A选项in advance“预先”；B选项ahead of“在之前（指时间）”；C选项in front of“在前面”；D选项in front“在前方”。句意：以便适应前面的长途飞行。因此B选项符合题意。11.考查量词辨析。A选项Swarms“蜂群”；B选项Herds“兽群”；C选项Flocks“鸟群”；D选项Schools“鱼群”。句意：成群的候鸟在秋天离开英国。因此C选项符合题意。12.考查副词辨析。A选项firmly“坚定地”；B选项stoutly“牢固地”；C选项harshly“严厉地”；D选项steadily“稳定地”。句意：它们稳定地飞行数百英里。因此D选项符合题意。13.考查连词辨析。A选项until“直到为止”；B选项before“在以前”；C选项when“在时候”；D选项as“因为”。句意：直到到达温暖的非洲大陆。因此A选项符合题意。14.考查词组辨析。A选项in the way“挡道”；B选项on the way“在途中”；C选项half the way“半路”；D选项all the way“一路上”。句意：因为它们中的许多伙伴都在途中遇到的暴风雨中丧生了。因此B选项符合题意。15.考查固定搭配。A选项have“有”；B选项fly“飞行”；C选项find“找到”；D选项make“进行”。句意：第二年春天，他们长途跋涉回到了英国。make a journey是固定搭配，表示“旅行”。因此D选项符合题意。16.考查形容词辨析。A选项old“老的”；B选项original“原来的”；C选项familiar“熟悉的”；D选项identical“同一的”。句意：它们回到同一地区的同一谷仓或同一棵树。因此D选项符合题意。17.考查指代关系。A选项before“在之前”；B选项previous“以前的”；C选项above going没有这种用法；D选项former“前者的”。句意：它们回到前一年秋天离开的同一地区。因此B选项符合题意。18.考查固定搭配。A选项way“道路”；B选项path“小路”；C选项course“过程”；D选项route“路线”。句意：这些鸟是如何在如此遥远的距离中找到路往返的呢。find ones way是固定搭配，表示“找到去的路”。因此A选项符合题意。19.考查连词辨析。A选项why“为什么”；B选项when“什么时候”；C选项how“如何”；D选项what“什么”。句意：没人知道确切是怎么做到的。因此C选项符合题意。20.考查固定搭配。A选项against“反对”；B选项away“离去”；C选项for“为了”；D选项with“关于”。句意：但它与风和气流有关。have something to do with是固定搭配，表示“与”有关。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements, that they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser” work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinatingrescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators (拖延者), some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “goofing off (游手好闲)”, Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy” build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “laziness” were caused by the workers taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lady”that is, taking time off for a rest-is good for an overworked student or, executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor whos simply working himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when youre tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.1. The main idea of this passage is that _.2. The passage states that _.3. Which of the follow