资源描述
Unit 4-6重 点 词 组10 days old 十天大look like a little mouse 看起来像小老鼠weigh 100 grams 重100克start to go outside 开始外出for the first time 第一次up to 14 hours a day 一天长达十四小时kill it for its fur 为了皮毛而屠杀它cut down forests 砍伐森林have nowhere to live 没有居住的地方on ones own 独自的，独立的be in danger 处于危险中stay alive 活着hunt for food 捕食a terrible snowstorm可怕的暴风雪live as a family 以家庭形式居住live in family groups 群居lose ones lives 失去生命continue to build road 继续建路at a time 一次keep taking the land 不断地占据土地go birdwatching 观鸟white and grey feathers 灰白相间的羽毛northern countries 北方国家broad wings 宽的翅膀all year round 终年for a short stay 短期停留an important living area 重要的居住区域less and less space 越来越少的空间the Chinese Government中国政府do a bird count 数鸟frighten the birds 吓唬鸟类prevent flood 预防洪水watch the birds closely 仔细地观察鸟类drop litter carelessly 随意扔垃圾talk softly 轻声地交谈sing nicely 动听地歌唱lose the game 输了比赛several accidents 几起事故kill thousands of people杀死数以千计的人crash into a tree 撞到一棵树wash the village away 冲走村庄fall from a tree 从树上摔下来look at each other in fear惊恐地互相看着attack people 袭击人run in all directions 四处奔去run wildly 疯狂地逃窜fall down 掉下来come down 倒下来calm down 冷静下来be trapped 被困住say to myself 心里想a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧shout for help 呼救a packet of chocolate 一袋巧克力hear excited shouts 听见激动的喊叫声see the bright daylight 看见明亮的日光move away the bricks 搬开砖块walk through a rainforest 穿过热带雨林make excuses 找借口bombs below the ground 像地下的炸弹an earthquake in Taiwan台湾的一次地震mop it up/ mop up the floor 拖地be in a great hurry to do something. 十分匆忙地做write to newspapers and magazines 写信给报纸杂志a nature reserve in north-east China 在中国东北的自然保护区one of the worlds most important wetlands 世界上最重要的湿地之一provide food and shelter for them 为他们提供食物和栖息地make more space for farms and buildings 为农场和建筑物腾出空间protect these endangered birds 保护这些濒危鸟类study the different kinds of birds 研究不同种类的鸟the changes in their numbers 他们数量方面的变化understand the importance of wetlands 明白湿地的重要性tell us not to make any noise 叫我们不要发出噪音feel a slight shaking through my body 感觉一阵轻微的震动通过全身hear a big noise like thunder 听到象雷声的巨大噪音The temperature will drop a little. 温度会稍有下降.The temperature will drop to -5 温度会降到零下五度take actions to protect giant pandas 采取行动保护大熊猫make giant panda reserves bigger 扩大大熊猫保护区good eyesight, hearing and smell 好的视力，听力和嗅觉grow into a healthy young giant panda 长成一头健康的年轻的大熊猫encourage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves 鼓励农民离开保护区语 法 精 讲1. I first saw the baby panda when she was only 10 days old. 我第一次看到她时，她只有十天大。 1) 10 days old的意思是“十天大”。数词+ days/months/years + old的意思为“几天/几个月/几岁大”。如：The baby is nine months old, and she is able to talk.He graduated from the university when he was twenty five years old. 2) a 10-day old giant panda 数词-day/month/year-old+ 被修饰的名词Cathy is a fourteen-year old girl who loves painting.The eighty-year-old man is a great scientist.2. At four months, she weighed about 10 kilograms and started to go outside her home for the first time.四个月大时，她重十公斤，并且第一次开始出门。 1) weigh v. 称重 weight n. 重量 The cat weighs about 2 kilos.= The weight of the cat is about 2 kilos. 2) start to do something., start dong something, begin to do something., begin doing something的意思均为“开始做”。如： She started/began to learn how to drive at the age of thirty. She started/began learning how to drive at the age of thirty. 3) for the first time 第一次 for the second/third/ fourth/fifthtime3. At the very beginning, Xi Wang drank her mothers milk for up to 14 hours a day. 一开始，希望每天喝母乳长达14个小时。1)at the very beginning在一开始的时候，at the beginning of 在开始的时候， 如：We dont know each other at the beginning of the first term.2) in the middle of 在的中间的时候 In the middle of last month we had a picnic.3) at the end of 在结束的时候 They got married at the end of last year and moved out of the flat.4) up to 意为“直到” She used to work up to twelve hours a day.4. Sadly, it is difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild. 可惜的是, 大熊猫很难在野外存活下来。 1) It is +形容词+ for somebody+ to do something。it 代替不定式作句子的主语。如： It is necessary for use to learn something about the world around us. It is impossible for you to get success without working hard. 能够接for somebody. 的形容词是对不定式中的动作进行评价的, 如: hard, difficult, easy, important , unimportant, interesting, boring, necessary, possible, impossible等。 2) It is +形容词 + of somebody +to do something 如： It is generous of him to pay for the meal for us. It was careless of the girl to leave her bag on the bus. 能够接of somebody 的形容词是用于描述人的性格特征的, 如: good, nice kind, clever, smart, bright, wise, silly, foolish, stupid, selfish, generous, careful, careless, thoughtful, right, wrong, honest, dishonest, typical等。5. Mothers often leave baby pandas for two whole days on their own. 大熊猫经常把自己的孩子单独留下两整天。 on ones own = by oneself = alone，其意思为“独立的；独自的”。如： The old man is very lonely because he lives on his own. You should work out the problem by yourself. Man cannot live alone on an island.6. If people find baby pandas alone, they will often take them away. 如果人们发现熊猫崽单独待着,他们通常会把它们带走。 1)“ find somebody / something + 形容词”的结构中形容词作宾语补足语。如： He found the sentence wrong. I found it interesting to read the comics. 2) take them away 把他们带走。代词it/them必须放在两词之间，类似的短语有：take it/them off(脱)，put it/them on(穿), think it/ them over(考虑)，look it/ them up(查字典)等等。7. If the giant pandas are in danger, what can we do? 如果大熊猫处于危险中，我们能做些什么？ 1)in danger的意思为“在危险中”；be dangerous的意思为“对别人或物造成危险”。如： The number of tigers is getting smaller do they are in danger. Tigers are dangerous because when they are hungry the attack people. 2) 类似用法的短语有: in trouble, in need。如： Their house caught a fire and they were in trouble. / We should help those who are in need.8. encourage farmer to leave the giant panda reserves 鼓励农民离开熊猫保护区 encourage somebody to do something的意思为“鼓励某人做某事”。如： My parents encourage me to be an inventor. My best friend encourages me to take up the hard job.9. I will see some beautiful birds if I walk through a rain forest. 如果我走过雨林的话，我会看见一些美丽的鸟儿。 through 意为“穿过,通过”，着重从空间穿过；across也为“穿过”，但指从平面的一端到另一端或十字交叉。如：The train is running through the tunnel. When you see the bank, walk across the road. The post office is right there.10. If I dont buy them someone else will buy them. 如果我不买，其他人也会买的。 else 可以作形容词或副词, 作形容词时主要用于who, whose, what等疑问代词或somebody, anyone, nothing等不定代词之后作定语；作副词时，用于when, where等后坐状语。如：Who else would like to climb the hill? Eddie ate all the food in the fridge and there was nothing left. We cannot decide where else to visit today.11. Mother giant pandas have only one or two babies at a time. 母熊猫一次生产一到两只熊猫崽。at a time的意思是“一次”。而at times相当于from time to time，意思为“时常，不时”；at all times的意思是“总是”。如：He gets angry with his son at times.He is willing to help his friends at all times. He is a good speaker, and is able to make a speech for two hours at a time.12. Their number is getting smaller and smaller because their living areas are becoming farmlands他们的数量变得越来越少，因为他们的生存空间正渐渐变成农田。比较级连用表示 “越来越” 如：The famous athlete is running faster and faster.He exercises a lot, so his health is getting better and better. 13. If farmers keep taking the land, giant pandas will have nowhere to live.如果农民不停的侵占土地，大熊猫就没有地方居住了。keep doing something的意思是“不停地做某事，一直作某事”。如：They kept watching TV for three hours. / I kept thinking about my teachers words last night.14. 条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if如果, unless除非, as long as只要, in case如果, if only但愿等等。如：Unless the weather was bad, my father used to have a walk in the morning.As long as you are free, we will go shopping right now.If only he had come, he would have met you.Youd better take a raincoat in case it rains.1）条件句表示将来可能发生的情况:If 引导的条件句可以表示将来“可能”发生的情况,即逐句事态的发生有赖于从句事态的发生。一般条件状语从句动词用一般现在时，主句动词用will/shall+不定式的一般将来时形式。如：If we catch the 10 oclock train, we shall get there by lunchtime.If he goes to France, he will have to learn French.If it is a fine day tomorrow, I wont stay at home.What are you going to do if its a holiday?2）条件句表示重复性的, 可预见的情况。If 条件句也可以表示重复性的, 可预见的情况或习惯动作, 此时条件状语从句的动词用一般现在时, 逐句动词也用一般现在时。3）表示普遍真理合客观事实。如：If the temperature drops to 0 degrees Centigrade, water freezes.If you heat ice, it melts.4）表示现在的习惯动作。如：If it rains, I go to school on foot.If I get low marks in the tests, my parents get angry with me.注意：条件分句在前时其后要加逗号, 而主句在前则不用加逗号。15. It is one of the worlds most important wetlands.它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。 one of + 最高级 +名词的复数的意思是“最之一”。如： He is one of the most careful young men in our office. Zushou is one of the oldest cities in China.16. The area is a great place for wildlife because it provides food and shelter for them. 这个地区是理想的野生生物栖息地，因为它为野生动物提供了食物和庇护场所。 Provide意思为“提供”；provide something for somebody = provide somebody with something，意思是“向某人提供某物”。 如： The travel agency provides tourists with some water and food. The travel agency provides water and food for tourists.17. It is the ideal home for different kinds of plants, fish and birds. 这里是许多植物，鱼类，鸟类生长的理想家园。 Ideal的意思是“理想的”，是形容词，而idea的意思是“主意，想法”，是名词。如： We have different ideas about the environment problem. We should have less homework in my ideal school.18. Many birds live in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round, and some go there for a short stay. 许多鸟全年都在扎龙自然保护区生活，而有些则去哪儿作短暂停留。 1) all year round意思是“终年，全年”。round是副词，意为“周而复始，从头至尾”。 2) stay 可作名词，意为“停留”。for a short stay的意思是“短暂停留”。如： Every year we go to the seaside for a short stay.19. This means there will be less and less space.这意味着野生动物的生存空间越来越小。 More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough space. 越来越多的鸟类由于没有足够的空间而濒临灭绝。 less and less + 不可数名词的意思是“越来越少”；fewer and fewer + 可数名词的意思是“越来越少”；more and more + 可数或不可数名词的意思是“越来越多”。如： The rivers are polluted seriously, so theres less and less clean water. To make fewer and fewer mistakes he worked really hard. More and more technology has been used to improve our life.20. This year, members of our Birdwatching Club are studying the different kinds of birds in Zhalong and the changes in their numbers.今年我们观鸟俱乐部的正在研究扎龙地区的各种鸟类及它们的数量变化。 1) study 在这里是“研究”的意思。如： He is the expert who studies air pollution. 2) the changes in 表示“在 某方面的变化”；the changes to 表达“的变化”。如： The changes in the ways of learning science help him get good results. Seeing the great changes to our city, the old got quite happy.21. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. 许多人明白湿地的重要性。 important 是形容词，意为“重要的”，importance是名词，意为“重要性”。如： I know it important to protect the wetlands. I know the importance of protecting the wetlands.22. If you are interested in birds, you can go to Zhalong. 如果你对鸟类感兴趣，你可以去扎龙。 be interested in something / doing something的含义是“对（做）某事感兴趣”。如： His little brother is interested in football. / His little brother is interested in playing football.23. They simply cant wait for the party next week. 他们简直等不及下周的聚会。 cant wait for something的意思是“对急不可待”；cant wait to do something的意思是“等不及做”。如：The children cant wait for the Christmas Party. The children cant wait to take part in the Christmas Party.24. 一般将来时的构成 一般将来时由动词shall(第一人称), will(第二、第三人称)+ 动词原形构成。如： Shall I open the door? / He will get to the bus stop early. 与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week(month/year), in a few days(months/years)等。如：It will rain tomorrow. The exchange students will leave in a few days. 将来时的其他表示方法： 1) be going to +动词原形。这一结构表示打算或准备好要做的事，或有迹象表明要发生的天气变化等情况。如：We are going to discuss where to go next Friday. Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain. 2)现在进行时(be+现在分词)。有些动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作，表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。这类动词有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, play, see, meet, write等。如：She is coming to dinner this evening. I am seeing him the day after tomorrow. Are we taking an exam next Tuesday? I am spending my holiday in the Netherlands.3)一般现在时。一般现在时也可以用来表示按计划将要发生的事情，这时的计划比较客观,更具有不可变动性，因此更正式。如：The peak tram leaves at 8:30 a.m. The film begins in a few minutes. They leave for Nanjing next Sunday.25. 方式副词 副词的构成方式：形容词+ly1) 一般形容词在词尾加-ly。如：clear-clearly，great-greatly，slow-slowly2) 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，常常把-y改成-i再加-ly构成副词。Happy-happily，easy-easily，heavy-heavily等。3) 词尾为-le的形容词，通常去-e加-y。如：gentle-gently，simple-simply，terrible-terribly等。如：He runs fast. / He is drawing very carefully. / The old people were looked after well.26. Some children screamed because they were very frightened. 一些孩子因为害怕尖叫起来。 be frightened的意思是“害怕”。be动词加以-ed结尾的表语形容词连用表示某人的心情。类似的词组有：be excited(感到激动), be amazed(感到惊讶), be surprised(感到吃惊), be pleased(感到高兴), be worried(感到担忧), be bored(感到无聊)。如：She was so excited that she couldnt say anything.The mother is often worried about the childs health.I am pleased to have you to be my friend.The nook is very boring. I felt bored when I read it.27. People ran in all directions. 人们四处逃散。 Some people ran out of the shopping center. 一些人逃出了购物中心 I tried my best to run out to the street. 我尽力跑了出去，跑到街上。 People ran wildly as pieces of glass and bricks fell down. 当玻璃碎片和砖块不断掉下来时，人们疯狂逃窜。 run的动词短语有：run in all directions/ run out of / run out to/ run wildly。 连续使用体现了人们的惊慌失措。28. I calmed down ans asked myself, “Did I really survive?” 我冷静下来，问自己：“我真的幸免于难了吗?” calm down是动词短语，意思 “冷静下来”。如：Dont be nervous. Calm down. Survive是动词，意为“幸存，存活”。如：The storm was terrible. Luckily, their family survived. The little girl survived the earthquake.29. A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.一阵恐惧袭上心头，但我告诉自己冷静下来因为我还活着。 alive 表语形容词，只能用于系动词之后，充当表语成分，类似的词有：alone，afraid，asleep，awake. 如：The old people feel lonely from time to time. We are all afraid of snakes. He fell asleep while he was listening to music.30. Dont make excuse, Simon. 别找借口了，西蒙。 这里的excuse意思是 “借口”。做名词使用。excuse也作动词使用，意思为“劳驾，对不起，原谅”。如：The teacher doesnt believe the students excuses. If I dont apologize to him, my father wont excuse me.31. We could do nothing but walk slowly. 我们在暴风雪中只能慢慢走。 But 在这里作介词，“除了”，常与nothing连用，意为“除了什么也没有；只有”后面加动词不定时一般省略to。如：There is nothing but a piece of paper in the box. It is raining hard, so we can do nothing but wait. Last evening I did nothing but watch sports.32. 动词不定式：1）动词不定式的基本形式是“be+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。动词不定式形式虽然不能作谓语，但是仍然保留着动词的特征，它可以带所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语。2）动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，因此它在句中可作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语和状语。A. 作主语 如：To learn English well isnt an easy job. To have a talk with her is a great pleasure.It is important to have good habits.It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike.B. 作表语 如：Our plan is to get to the top of the mountain in an hour.His job is to treat the patients with eye problems.The girls ambition is to be a great dancer.Our purpose is to achieve a balance between work and play.C. 作宾语有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语，如：agree(同意), begin(开始), ask(要求), choose(选择), continue(继续), decide(决定), forget(忘记), remember(记得), learn(学习), plan(计划), wish(希望), volunteer(志愿), prepare(准备)等等。如：They decided to change their diet. He wants to be a computer programmer.The baby started to talk at the age of eleven months.D. 宾语补足语动词不定式可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语，常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise(建议), ask(请求), encourage(鼓励), invite(邀请), persuade(劝说), remind(提醒), teach(教), tell(告诉), want(想要), warn(警告), wish(希望)等等。如：My teacher advised me to carry on with my hobbies.I told the children not to frighten the dog. / They asked me to go shopping with themE. 定语动词不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语，用作定语的不定式须跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。下列名词之后多直接跟动词不定式作定语：ability, agreement, chance, decision, hope, need, offer, plan, request, wish等等。如：His plan to get success in the game made his parents very happy.I need a pen to write with. / There are a lot of good novels to read. F. 状语 动词不定式可以用作修饰动词或形容词的状语，一般放在其所修饰的动词或形容词之后。如：He went to Italy to learn clothes designing.To get to the office on time, he took a taxi there.He went back home to find his dog missing.He is creative enough to be a director.He is too weak to play football well.33. 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有because, as, since, for等。 1)because表示人们不知道的直接原因或理由，着重在从句，全句的中心意义在从句中。常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强。从句一般位于住户之后。如：I didnt go to school yesterday because I had a high fever.We couldnt go out for a walk that day because is snowed heavily.2)since一般表示对方已知的，无需加以说明的理由。即原因显而易见或为既成事实。全句的中心意义在主句中，语气比because弱，但比as强一些。常位于句子开头。如： Since we have finished all the homework, mother allowed us to go skating last Sunday. Since we are close friends, we often share secrets.3)as表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，重点在主句。解释为“由于”“鉴于”，相当于since，但语气更弱。引导的从句常位于句首。如： As it is stormy, we shall not climb the mountain. As the house is rather dirty, we have do some cleaning today.典 题 解 析1. _of the two colours is OK. In fact, they are very nice.A. BothB. Either C. AllD. Neither解析：答案选B。根据题意判断谈论的是两种颜色，而all表示“三者以上都”，所以可以首先排除。如果使用both句中的谓语动词应该是复数的are而不是单数的is。如果使用neither，表示两种颜色都不好，与后面的句子意思相反。选择either表示两者之中任选其一都可以，原因是它们都不错，这样符合句子意思。故应选B。2. _ is it from your home to the shopping center？A. How longB. How oftenC. How muchD. How far解析：答案选D。how long用于询问时间长短，如：How long have you been here？how often用于询问事情发生的频率，如：How often do you play football？how much用于询问东西的价格，如：How much does the scarf cost？how far用于询问距离的长短。本句的意思是你家离购物中心有多远？所以使用how far。故应选D。3. Now the air in the city is _ than it used to be. We must take actions to improve it at once.A. much betterB. much worseC. the bestD. the worst解析：答案选B。看完第一句后可以理解句子中用城市过去的空气质量和现在的进行对比，句中有比较的连词than，因此可以排除掉C和D选项，因为它们都是形容词的最高级形式。选项A和B同为比较级都合适，接下来就要根据后面的句子内容来判断了。我们必须立刻采取行动改善它，表示变化的方向是比过去的情况变得糟糕了。所以使用bad的比较级worse，而不是good的比较级better。这里much是程度副词用于修饰比较级，表示“糟糕的多了”。故应选B。4. Nobody but Mary and her sister _ from.A. knows where he is B. knows where is heC. know where he isD. know where is he解析：答案选A。首先，看到这样的句子要判断主语是什么。单个主语后加with， but，like，except等短语时，谓语动词仍用单数，如：My father with my mother has gone to New York. 题目中的主语是nobody这个复合不定代词，因此是单数作主语，谓语动词应该用knows，我们排除C和D选项。Know 之后是它的宾语成分，所以是一个宾语从句，宾语从句需要注意的是使用陈述句语序，A，B中只有A符合这一点。故应选A。5. The doctor warned him _ any more.A. not smokeB. not to smokeC. should not smokeD. dont smoke解析：答案选B。Dont smoke any more.是一个祈使句。当祈使句用于间接引语的句子中时要转换成动词不定式的形式。如肯定的祈使句：Close the door before you go out. 改为间接引语时应该这样：My mother told me to close the door when I go out. 否定的祈使句则在动词不定式前加not。如：Dont make any noise.改成Mary asked me not to make any noise.故应选B。6. Who _ you English? Miss Cai _.A. teaches; doesB. is teach; isC. does teach; doesD. teach; teaches解析：答案选A。teach是一个行为动词，在一般现在时中不须使用be动词，所以可以排除B选项。Who 作为特殊疑问词一般当作第三人称单数理解，所以D选项的动词形式不正确。特殊疑问句对主语进行提问时不用加助动词，故C也不对。同时还要注意第二个空，do可以作代动词，代替以前提到的动作，miss Cai第三人称单数作主语所以使用does，代替前面的teaches。故应选A。7. There is _ kangaroo in the zoo.A. an eight-years-oldB. a eight years oldC. an eight-year-oldD. a eight-year old解析：答案选C。years old这个短语在句中常用于表语，如：The boy is seventeen years old。而“数词-year-old”常在句中用作定语修饰名词，如：a thirty-year-old doctor一名三十岁的医生。Eight又是一个元音发音开头的单词，前面的冠词应该使用an。所以这里C是正确选项。类似的短语还有a hundred-meter-long trail, a two-hundred-wo
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