职称英语复习资料.doc

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Migrant(移民的)WorkersIn me past twenty years, there has been all increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to anotherWhile some countries have restricted(限制)most_ (51)to local people，others have attracted and welcomed migrant workersThis is particularly the case in the Middle East, _ (52)increased 0il incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities(设施)Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers_ (53)the USAand EuropeIt has also brought in workers from many other countries， _ (54)South Korea and Japan In view of the difficult living and working_ (55)in the Middle East，it is notsurprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workersMany engineers and techniciansCan _ (56) at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they Carl in their Owncountry, and this is a major _ (57) Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的)advantageFor example，the _ (58) living conditions often lead t0 increased friendship when workers have to_ (59)on each other for safety and comfortIn a similar way，many migrant workers Can save large sums of money partly because of the _ (60)of entertainment(娱乐)facilitiesThe work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greaterchallenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do_ (61)work in their home country One major problem which _ (62) migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary onesThey are nearly always on_ (63)，so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidenceThis is to be _ (64)since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residentsIn any _ (65)，migrant workers accept this disadvantage，along“也others，because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive 51A acts B jobsC activitiesD user52A which B whatC whoD where53A from B with C in D about54A opposing B limiting C includingD asking55A roleB conditionsC difficulty D event56A earnB borrow C offer D cast57A advance B difficulty C event D attraction58A necessaryB possible C difficultD good59A depend B look C base D go60A range B lack C price D number61A routine B causalC additional D interesting62A invites B affectsC needs D hates63A investment B strikeC contractD duty64A suggestedB reported C argued D expected65A time B attempt C way D case答案解析 51正确答案为B。文章的第一句说的是：在过去的20年里有着一种不断上升的趋势，即工人从一个国家移动到另一个国家。工人从一个国家移动到另一个国家当然是为了找工作。因此下面这句话中填“jobs”(工作)是合适的。“acts”是“动作”的意思，_“activities”是“活动”，“uses”是“使用”。 52正确答案为D。前面的句子是这么讲的：在中东尤其如此。这是一个地点状语从句，在四个选项中只有“where”能引起地点状语从句。其它的选项填入后，生成的都是错误的句子。 53正确答案为A。“来自于”哪个国家，英文用“from”。 54正确答案为C。很显然， 整个句子的意思是：中东引进了包括韩国和日本在内的许多国家的工人。因此“including”(包括)是正确的答案。 55正确答案为B。所在的句子的意思是：考虑到中东艰苦的生活和工作条件，用高工资吸引合适的工人也就不奇怪了。“条件”英语用“conditions”。“role”是“作用”， “difficulty”是“困难”，“event”是“事件”。这些选项跟句子内容不相关。 56正确答案为A。第二段的第二句(接55中提到的那个句子)的意思是：许多工程师和技术员在中东挣的工资至少是在他们自己国家的两倍，这是一个主要的吸引力。可见“earn”(挣)是合适的选择。 57正确答案为D。56中的后一个小句中提到了“吸引力”。“吸引力”英语用“attraction”。 58正确答案为C。第三段的第一个句子是这么说的：有时候，不利的地方也可以从有利的地方中得到补偿。这是个主题句。接着应是举例说明。后半个句子说的是：当工人们不得不为了安全和舒适相互依赖时就加深了友谊。这是一种得到补偿的有利的东西，那么前半句空格中应填入的最合适的词显然是“difficult”(困难的)。“necessary”是“必须的”，“possible”是“可能的”，“good”是“好的”。这些选项填入后，句子前半部分表达的不是不利的地方，而是有利的地方，跟主题句不能构成连贯的语段。 59正确答案为A。58中已经说到了“相互依赖”。“相互依赖”英语用“depend on”。 60正确答案为B。所在句子是对主题旬的进一步说明。该旬的意思是：同样地，由于缺乏娱乐的设施，许多迁移来的工人可以积蓄大量的钱。这也是一种补偿。“缺乏”英语用“lack”。 61正确答案为A。所在句子的意思是：工作往往是复杂的，问题很多，但是，这充其量是对工程师提出了挑战，而工程师们倒是愿意解决问题，而不愿意在自己的国家做一般性的工作。“一般性的”用routine。 62正确答案为B。最后一段的第一句话的意思是：影响来中东的工人的一个主要问题是，他们的工作是临时性的。“affects”是“影响”的意思。 63正确答案为C。62中谈到的句子是最后一段的主题句。接着应该是说明。63所在的句子就是说明。意思是：他们差不多总是订合同的，因此不大可能很有信心地超前安排。“合同”英语用“contract节。 64正确答案为D。所在句子是对上一个句子(63中的句子)的解释。因此用“expected”是正确的。全句的意思是：这些是在预计之中的， 因为没有一个国家会欢迎许多外国工人成为他们的永久居民。“suggested”是“表明”、“建议”的意思，“reported”是 “报道”，“argued”是“认为”。 65正确答案为D。文章的最后一个句子表明，迁移来的工人显得很无奈。整个句子的意思是：不管怎么样，迁移来的工人只能接受这种以及其他方面的不利之处，因为他们得到的经济方面的好处还是很多的。“不管怎么样”，英文用“in any case”。 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 False Fear of Big FishMany people believe sharks(鲨鱼)are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even killhumans_ (46) A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium(水族馆)in Baltimore，US，proves this Visitors can touch young sharkssee their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank Most people fail to realize that shark attacks dont happen very oftenHumans are mote likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark_ (47)There，kids Call learn，from an early age，not to fear sharksPeople fear what they dont know，”said Nancy Hotchkiss。an organizer of the exhibition“Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play 1til important role in the oceans foodchainWe want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect andprotection”_ (48)A study ,published in January in the US magazine，Science，found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to 15 years Thousands of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods，such as shark fin(鱼翅)soupAndmany others get caught in nets，while fishermen are hunting other fish_ (49) “Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks，”said Dave Schofield，the manager of the aquariums ocean health program me_ (50)A They Call watch them develop inside their eggs and fee! the skin of the older swimmersB A shocking 1 00 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans C In fact,94 per cent of the worlds 400 species are harmless to humansD It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place to protect these specialfish E And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children F More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than 1 metra long.答案解析 46正确答案为C。 文章第一段第一句的意思是，很多人认为鲨鱼是危险的，总是试图伤害甚至威胁人类的性命。选项C的意思是：实际上，世界上400多种(鲨鱼)中94的鲨鱼对人类是无害的。此旬的意思和第一句联系起来语意通顺，合乎逻辑，故选C。 47正确答案为E。 And to make this。point clear,，。the museum has set up a special touching pool for children：为了清楚地说明这一点，博物馆专门为孩子们搭建了一个可以进行触摸(鲨鱼)的水池。第二段主要讲鲨鱼并不经常攻击人类，为了证明这一点，博物馆选项E放入空格处很连贯，与原文意思相符，故E为正确答案。 48正确答案为B。 此段的第一句被删除了，要求考生补全。空格后面举例说明过去8至15年内鲨鱼种群消亡了多少，选项B(A shocking 100million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans)显然是本段的主题句，概括本段的意思，故B为正确答案。 49正确答案为F。空格前面讲的是渔民们捕杀鲨鱼的事情，选项F具体谈到被捕杀的鲨鱼有多大，选项F与前面叙述的内容形成一种逻辑上的连贯关系，故F为正确答案。 50正确答案为D。文章最后一段谈到现在的一些捕鲨方式快把鲨鱼捕尽了，选项D的意思是：这种情况令人担忧，有些地区已经采取措施来保护这些特殊的鲨鱼(It is a worrying situation and some areas have put measures in place t0 protect these special fish)，可见D是正确的。 概括大意与完成句子 (第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Ford 1 Fords great strength was the manufacturing process-not inventionLong before he started a car company，he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machinesHe started putting cars together in 1 89 1, although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market 2 The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转)Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends，who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a lineBy the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914，the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes 3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with t11e$5-aday minimum Wage schemethe greatest contribution he had ever madeThe average Wage in the auto industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shiftFord not only doubled thathe also took an hour off the workdayIn those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or educationThe Wall Street Journal called the plan“an economic crimeand critics everywhere laughed at F0rd 4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10，it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11 The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car，the higher wages didnt matter-except for making it possible for more people to buy cars 23 paragraph 1 _ .24 paragraph 2_ . 25 paragraph 3 _ .26 paragraph 4 _ .A Fords FollowersB The Assembly LineC Fords Great DreamD The Establishment of the CompanyE Fords Biggest ContributionF Fords Great Talent27 The assembly line made it possible to _ . 28 Ford was the first to adopt _ . 29 Higher wages enabled many people to _ .30 Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly _ .A criticized by the mediaB the low wage in the auto industryC own a carD Produce cars in large numbersE the 8-hour-shift practiceF combined technology and market答案解析 23正确答案为F。第一段的最后一句是这么说的：虽然T模型谈不上是第一种通用的汽车，但它向世界表明了Ford在把技术和市场结合在一起方面多么富有创造性。 24j正确答案为B。第二段的第一句话是这么说的：公司的装配线独自把美国的工业革命投入到高速运转之中。这是个主题句，讲的是“装配线”。 25正确答案为E。第三段的第一句话是这么说的：同年Ford以提出一天最低5美元的工资制度而震惊世界，这是他至此作出的最大的贡献。这是个主题句。 26正确答案为C。第四段的第一句是这么说的：然而，随着工资后来升到一天10美元，Ford梦想中的关键部分，即大家都买得起汽车，是可以实现的。因此，C是正确的答案。 27正确答案为D。第二段的最后一个句子中提到“这个世界上的第一条汽车输送带每93分钟就生产一辆小汽车”。这个速度在当时是相当高的，可以想像，一年下来生产汽车的数量是相当大的：。 28正确答案为E。第三段讲到。当是汽车工业实行的是9小时工作制，平均每小时2,34美元。Ford不仅把工资翻了翻，而且还把工作日中的工作时数去除了一小时。也就是说，Ford是第一个实行8小时工作的人。 29正确答案为C。C填入后整个句子说的是：由于Ford生产的车成本底，普通人也买得起。答案可见于最后一段的最后一句。 30正确答案为A。A填入后整个句子说的是：Ford的高工资、低成本策略受到了传媒的批评。答案可以在第三和第四段中找到。 2010年职称英语理工类B级考点精粹三(1)一、 单选题（下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。）1、These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answers D plans标准答案： a 2、The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends标准答案： c 3、Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption标准答案： c4、These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous标准答案： d 5、A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect标准答案： b 6、John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperatingB competingC combining D arguing标准答案： a7、He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthenB control C abandon D exercise标准答案： a 8、Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solvingC settlingB exploringD handling标准答案： b 9、Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved标准答案： d10、 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functionsC motionsB faultsD parts标准答案： b 11、The food is insufficient for three people.A instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate标准答案： d 12、Thousands of people perished in the storm.A diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered标准答案： a13、But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily标准答案： c 14、But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimately D necessarily标准答案： b 15、In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity标准答案： a二、匹配题（概括大意与完成句子（每题1分，共8分） Stanford University, famous as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called the Harvard of the West. The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor.The students are enrolled mainly from the western United State. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.Not only because of the high caliber of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the worlds most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch, Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksander Solzhenistsyn has been in residence. Stanfords undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.What is student life like on The Farm? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Unions coffee house; here the beverages an the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offer highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging.In addition to financial support from alumni, Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitions building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundations 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.EXERCISE:1. Paragraph 2_2. Paragraph 3_3. Paragraph 4_4. Paragraph 5_A Colorful life on the campusB Intelligent student bodyC School administrationD Distinguished facultyE Substantial financial supportF The Harvard of the west标准答案： B,D,A,E. Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University _.6. Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here _.7. On the faculty of the university there are _.8. Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible _.A they can find the best studentsB the universitys academic advancement and physical extensionC some of the most distinguished scholars of the worldD where a sports meet is held every yearE must have been the top students in their classF must be hardworking 标准答案： E,A,C,B三、案例分析题（阅读判断（每题1分，共7分）；补全短文（每题2分，共10分）;阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）；完形填空（每题1分，共15分） TV Games ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.This is the principle behind quiz or game shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the shows producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didnt like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they arent taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. the principle behind quiz or game shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Prizes and money are usually provided by TV stars and large companies for winners.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the Shows producers to give him the answers beforehand.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned标准答案： A,B,C,B5. The huge scandal of cheating in TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie Quiz Show.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Winners of present-day TV shows no longer get money from the shows.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned标准答案： B,A,BWhy Humans Walk on Two LegsA team of scientists that studied chimpanzees trained to use treadmills has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.“When our earliest ancestors started walking on two legs，they took the first steps toward becoming human,” said lead researcher Michael Sockol of UC Davis1.“Our findings help an,swer why.” Sockol worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax adult chimps to walk on two legs and to “knucklewalk” on all fours on the sort of treadmill found in most gyms.The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption.While the chimps worked out，the scientists collected metabolic and other data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion used less energy and why.The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.Tile researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal2 walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps，walking on two legs was no more costly than knucklewalking.“We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs but that finding wouldnt have been as interesting,” Sockol said.“What we found was much more telling. For three chimps，bipedalism3 was more expensive，but for the other two chimps，this wasnt the case.One spent abou