初中教材中的八个IT句型.doc

初中教材中的八个IT句型在初中英语教材中，出现了许多由it引导的固定句式，现归纳如下： 一、Its time for sb. to do sth. / Its time for sth.意为是(某人)该干的时间了、到的时候了。例如： 1. Its time for supper to have supper.该吃晚饭了。 2. Its time for me to study.我该学习了。 二、It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.意为(某人)花时间做某事。例如： 1. It takes twenty minutes to go to school by bike. 骑自行车上学要花二十分钟的时间。2. It took me a week to finish reading the book. 我花了一周时间读完这本书。 三、It is ones turn to do sth.意为轮到某人做某事了。例如： Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到你值日了。 四、It is has been 时间段since 一般过去时，意为自从以来已过了(时间)。 例如： 1. It is / has been four days since I caught a cold. 我感冒已四天了。 2. It is / has been two weeks since we met last. 自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。 五、It seems seemed that从句，意为看起来好像。例如： It seemed that our team was going to win. 我们队看起来好像要赢了。 六、Its表语to do sth.。例如：Its a good idea to go out for a walk. 出去散步是个好主意。七、Its adj.that从句。例如： Its true that I may fall behind the other students.我真可能落在别的学生后面。 八、 Itsadj.of(for)sb.to do sth.。对于这个句型究竟用of还是用for，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的，如 kind，good，nice，clever等用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述行为的则用for，这类形容词常见的有difficult，easy，hard， important，dangerous等。例如： 1. It is nice of you to come to see me.你能来看我真好。 2. It is dangerous for children to play with fire.对小孩儿来说玩火是危险的。初三版：Be 的四功能be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法： 功能一，系动词bebe为连系动词，中心词义是是，句型为主系表结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词原形)；have/has/had been(助动词过去分词)等。如： To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)功能二，助动词be助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：1. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：The girls is reading and copying the new words now.Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.2. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)3. be+going to do，表示打算或将要做某事，be有现在和过去两种形式。如：We are going to plant trees in the park.I didnt know if she was going to come here.4. be+to do，表示按计划安排将要做某事。如：The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.功能三，there bethere be句式为：there be+主语部分状语部分，表示某处存在某物，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. Will there be a football match in your school next week? 功能四，实义be可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达等。如：His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.Kates birthday party will be at half past six this evening.Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.初三版：Keep 用法解读在人教版初中英语教材中，keep是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一，现将其常见用法归纳小结如下，以利于大家正确地使用该词。 一、用作及物动词1. 意为保存；保留；保持；保守。如： Could you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？Ill keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer. 在炎热的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？2. 意为照顾；养活等。如：She kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病时，她照看她了一个星期。I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。3. 意为留下；不必还。如：You can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。Keep the change.不用找零钱了。4. 意为遵守；维护。如：Everyone must keep the rules. 人人必须遵守规章制度。The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。5. 意为售；卖。如：The shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。He keeps everything you will drink.他出售你想喝的各种饮料。6. 意为记(日记、帐等)。如：She keeps a diary every day.她坚持每天记日记。He keeps exact accounts of the money he spends and a diary of the events of his holidays.他详细地记载他所花的钱数和假期中所发生的事情。7. 意为使保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如：We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词)我们应保持教室整洁干净。Youd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。Dont keep me waiting for long.(现在分词)别让我等太久。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。二、用作连系动词构成系表结构：keep表语，意为保持，继续(处于某种状态)。其中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.(形容词)你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。Keep off the grass.(副词)请勿践踏草地。Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.(介词短语)英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。注意：一般情况下，keep后接形容词较为多见。再如：She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静。Please keep silent in class.课堂上请保持安静。三、与介词或副词搭配，构成动词短语1.keep away意为(使)离开；(使)不接近，其后常接介词from。如：Would you keep your dog away from my boy, please? 请把狗拉得离我孩子远点好吗？Keep everybody away from the accident.人人远离事故！2.keep back意为阻止；留在后面。如：She sat down quietly, but she couldnt keep back her tears.她静静地坐下来，却忍不住流下了眼泪。3.keep together意为在一起；动作协调。如：Keep together, please.请聚在一起。The eight men kept together during the boat race as though they were one.赛船时，这8个人动作协调，好像一个人似的。4.keep up意为持续；使不低落。如：The noise kept up all night.噪音整夜持续着。To keep your strength up, eat well and getenough sleep.为了保持力气，要吃好、睡足。5.keep up with意为跟上；和来往。如：Im trying my best to keep up with the others in class.我正在设法赶上班里的其他人。Do you still keep up with Tom? 你和汤姆还有联系吗？6.keep.in mind意为把记在心里。如：The teacher asked us to keep these sentences in mind.老师要我们把这些句子记在心里。四、含keep的常用句型1.keep doing sth. 意为继续干某事，表示不间断地持续干某事，keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。如：He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。Keep passing the ball to each other, and youll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就行。2.keep on doing sth. 意为持续做某事。如：The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.我总是想起下午的那场比赛。3. keep.from doing sth.意为阻止/防止做某事。如：The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。初三版：Like 用法聚焦like一词具有多种词性和词义，以及多种用法。现简述如下： 一、用作动词：1.like+名词/代词，意为喜欢某人或某物。例如：Tom likes fish very much.汤姆非常喜欢鱼。 Mr Wang is a good teacher.We all like him. 王老师是个好老师，我们都喜欢他。2.like to do sth. 意为(偶尔或具体地)喜欢做某事。例如：I like to swim with you today.今天我喜欢和你一起去游泳。3.like doing sth. 意为(经常或习惯地)喜欢做某事。例如：He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。 4.like sb. to do sth.意为喜欢某人做某事。例如：She likes them to ask questions like this. 她喜欢他们像这样问问题。5.would like to do sth. (=want to do sth.)意为 想要做某事。例如：Id like to go shopping with you.我想要和你一起去买东西。6.would like sb. to do sth.意为想要某人做某事。Id like you to meet my parents.我想要你见见我的父母亲。二、用作介词：1. be like, look like后接名词或代词作宾语，意为像；跟一样。例如：What is he like?他是怎么样的一个人？The little girl looks like her father.那个小姑娘看起来像她的父亲。2. feel like后接V?鄄ing形式、代词或名词，意为想要做某事。例如：Do you feel like having a rest?你想休息吗？Well go for a walk if you feel like it.如果你想散步，我们就去吧。三、常见句型：1. What do you like about.？意为关于你喜欢什么？，用来询问对方所喜欢的内容。例如：-What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么？-The food and the people.食物和人民。2. How do you like.？意为你认为怎么样？(What do you think of.？)例如：-How do you like the film?你认为这部电影怎么样？-Its very interesting.很有趣。3. Would you like +名词 to do sth.?意为你想要吗？，用来询问对方是否需要什么或征求意见与看法。例如：Would you like some water?你想要一些水吗？Would you like to play football with us?你愿意和我们一起去踢足球吗？初三版：Do 的四作用动词do在句中的作用可以概述为四句十二字：做实义，助动词，替前文，强语气。 作用一：实义dodo作实义动词时，有do, does, did, done, doing五种形式，还有及物、不及物之分。如： 1. vt. 做；研究；整理；完成。如：The old man does an hour of sport every day.She did her homework at home last night.Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home.Have you done the exercises yet?2. vi. 行动；工作；进展；足够。如：Kate does very well in her Chinese.How do you do?Well done! That will do. 作用二：助动dodo作助动词时，只有do, does, did三种形式，无词义，限用于含行为动词的一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的否定句和疑问句中。如：They dont have any tickets for tonights concert.Kate stayed at home last night, didnt she?How many books does the library have?She doesnt do the washing in the evening.作用三：替代do为避免动词的重复，使语言简练，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行为动词。如：Tom runs much faster than you do.-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?-Sure. Ill do it right away.-Who broke the cup?-Mimi did.-I like bananas.-So does he.作用四：语气do为突出感情色彩，do常用于祈使句、强调句和倒装句中，以加强语气。如：Do be careful. Dont tell a lie.He did come. -You often go to the park.-So we do.