2011年高考英语非谓语动词.doc

2011年高考英语单项选择 非谓语动词【考查要点】历年的高考都把非谓语动词作为重中之重或者说重头戏。且不说其它类型的题中对非谓语动词的考查，单说每年的高考英语的单选题(15个)中就有一、二个是对非谓语动词的测试。不定式和现在分词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富,功能较多, 最能体现英语独特的形式特征，又极易对中国考生带来麻烦。因此,命题人热衷于使用它们作为考查武器。考查立意较低,主要考查的非谓语的一些最基本的用法。 但是题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰，同时利用了祈使句与以非谓语动词开首的句子结构上相似的特点，对考生造成了很大的麻烦。 【名师解题指南】掌握三种非谓语动词(不定式、v-ing形式、v-ed形式)的基本用法及区别；注意非谓语动词与其所修饰的词的关系，根据其逻辑关系选择表示主动或被动意义的非谓语动词；根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序，确定是用一般式还是完成式。 解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路：解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。【11真题全解全析】 1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。4.（2011北京卷,25）Its important for the figures regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。6.（2011天津卷,7）Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。7.（2011天津卷,12）_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。8.（2011上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _ newly cleaned and polished.A. lookedB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking9.（2011上海春招,36）_ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。10.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars _ as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。11.(2011山东卷,27) Look over theretheres a very long, winding path _ up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。”leading作为path的后置定语，相当于which leads。选A。12.（2011江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared13.（2011福建卷,23）Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系，to be founded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，故选C。14.（2011福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。15.（2011安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break16.(2011浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some _a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have【答案】A【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。17.(2011浙江卷,14) Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 18.(2011浙江卷,19) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行；B项be cheeresd是谓语原形；D项were cheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语are going to；C项to be cheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。19.（2011四川卷,2）Ladex doest feel like abroad. Her parents are old.A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Ladex不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。20.（2011四川卷,11）Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Simon制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞起来。”make a big bamboo box的目的是为了keep the little sick bird，因此选D表示目的状语。A项构成使役用法，大竹盒无生命力，不能执行这个动作；B项是谓语词，与句中made冲突；C项是伴随状语，表示made与keep同时进行。根据句意选D。21.（2011四川卷,16） an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。22.（2011重庆卷,29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。”raising表示伴随；to have raised表示动作已发生；having raised表示动作先发生；to raise表示目的状语，事情还没有发生，是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的，因此，选A。23.（2011重庆卷,33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Michael在他的床头贴了姚明的照片提醒自己不要忘了自己的梦想。”空格前的himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系。故选C。24.（2011陕西卷,14）Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。”have sth. done“让被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage，和check的关系是被动关系，所以【答案】选择D。25.（2011陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,_it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。26.（2011湖南卷,21）The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。句意为“想法重要，提出想法的能力也同样重要。”express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式做定语，联系到短语be able to do sth，不难推断正确选项为C。27.（2011湖南卷,23）The players _from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。28.（2011湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。29.(2011辽宁卷,30) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞。”gather的动作由the tourists执行,用主动形式,并与dance同时进行,故选C，表示伴随情况。30.（2011江西卷32）On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B.said C.saying D.to say【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gorden先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。31.(2011辽宁卷,23) Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.A. what B. who C. how D. why【答案】C【解析】考查疑问副词 + to do的用法。句意为“有二十名学生想听旨在提高阅读速度的课程。”fast提示了方式，how + to read fast等同于名词，作teach的宾语。故选C。单项选择 情态动词和虚拟语气【考查要点】每年的高考英语的单选题(15个)中就有一、二个是对情态动词和虚拟语气的测试。试题的特征不会有显著变化，即：立意仍将不偏不怪，情景仍将逼近真实，设问角度仍将综合化和细微化。情态动词重点考察can、could、 may、 might、 must表推测的用法和“情态动词 + 完成时”的用法。【名师解题指南】考生应熟悉常见情态动词的基本意义和特殊用法，重点掌握can、could、 may、 might、 must表推测的用法和“情态动词 + 完成时”的用法。此外，正确使用情态动词的关键在于准确理解说话人的情感和态度，所以做题时要利用细节，想像出会话的实际情景，体会说话人的语气和态度，从而做出正确的选择。例：“Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”A. must B. canC. need D. may【解析】可能误选B或C.最佳答案为D.may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不（会坐火车来）”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。虚拟语气考点1、用于条件状语从句中 条件状语从句最典型的标志就是由if引导，其用法如下所述： 与现在事实相反的假设 虚拟条件句（if 从句）：If主语动词过去式(注意：be 动词应用were) 主句：主语should, would, could, might动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设虚拟条件句（if 从句）：If主语had过去分词 主句：主语should, would, could, mighthave过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 If主语动词过去式（注意：Be 动词应用were) If主语were to动词原形 If主语should动词原形 主句：主语should, would, could, might动词原形需要注意的是，并不是所有if引导的虚拟条件句都严格按照上表中的句式，很多情况下，if引导的虚拟条件句还会使用如下两种变体，这也是高考考查的重点。如下文： 1) 错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中的动词要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如： If you had given him the present that evening, he would not be so angry now. (与过去事实相反)(与现在事实相反) He would graduate from a college in 4 years time if he had studied hard before. (与将来事实相反)(与过去事实相反)2) 省略if 的虚拟倒装句 在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，有时可以省略引导词if，而把if从句中的were, had, should,等助词提到句首，变成倒装句式，主句不变2、用于宾语从句中 1) 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中。 常见的这类动词有ask、advise、 assume、beg、believe、command、order、demand、decide、direct、desire、determine、expect、insist、propose、prefer、require、recommend、suppose、suggest、think、urge等，其表示虚拟的结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。3、用于主语从句中 在it is advisable/ appropriate/ crucial/ desirable/ essential/ important/ imperative/ necessary/ natural/ normal/ odd/ proper/ preferable/ strange/ sorry/ surprising/ urgent/ unusual/ vital /decided/ desired/ demanded/ ordered/ requested/ required/ recommended/ suggested +that结构的主语从句中，要使用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省去。例：I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I fully occupied the whole of last week.A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 【解析】D，混合虚拟语气该题是虚拟语气与真实条件句混合在一起的句子。but前的分句使用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；而but后的分句则使用了陈述语气，是有关过去的事实，该分句中有明确的时间状语the whole of last week，应该用一般过去时，因此D.项正确。A.项明显错误，I were fully occupied为虚拟语气形式，其中fully occupied相当于very busy，这里用虚拟语气不符合句意。选B.和C.的考生都恰恰忽略了表过去的时间状语the whole of last week。B.为过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，而本句中没有出现某一过去时间之前的时间或动作。C.为现在完成时，而这种时态的句子里不应有明显的过去时间状语。【11真题全解全析】 1.(2011全国卷,32) They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【答案】 D【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。2.(2011全国卷II,8) If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may【答案】 C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。3.（2011北京卷,24）I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not来【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。4.（2011北京卷,28）Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been6.（2011天津卷,15）I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【答案】 D【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。7.（2011上海春招,27）Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【答案】 B【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可能不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。8.（2011江苏卷,34）I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen9.（2011福建卷,25）Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can【答案】 B【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。10.（2011福建卷,34）Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended【答案】 D【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。11.（2011安徽卷, 26）What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced【答案】 C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你对将来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。12.(2011浙江卷,11) Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt【答案】 D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。13.（2011四川卷,20）The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A.can B.may C.must D.should【答案】 A【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。14.（2011重庆卷,25）Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should【答案】 C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。15.（2011陕西卷,22）I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone【答案】 A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。16.（2011陕西卷,24）Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall【答案】 D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D。17.（2011湖南卷,28）No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might 【答案】 A【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。18.(2011辽宁卷,21) If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will【答案】 C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”can可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will将要，愿意。根据后句的劝告，选C。 19.（2011江西卷23）It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant 不可能；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。20.（2011江西卷28）We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选B。