初二下册英语语法仁爱版.doc

初二下册英语语法仁爱版Unit6 Fun CyclingTopic1 Were going on a spring field trip一. 重点词汇( 一 ) 词形转换:1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king 3.comfortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety( 二 ) 词的辨析1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spe d on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组:1.go on a visit to 去旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订8. come up with 想出（主意） 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付；赔偿11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为订房间14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行17.find out 查出 18. some places of interest 名胜 19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间20a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（软）卧 21.my pleasure 不客气二重点句型及重点语言点1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。to tell you 是动词不定式短语， 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。 3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。 go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic。 a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩4Its hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。 如： Its nice to meet you.5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是： Ill phone and ask the airline.6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 Were trying to decide on a school.7.Its too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It too far to cycle there.8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多长时间？9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱？How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少？ 10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper. 我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at 意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.11.Id like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper ticketsbook tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为预订房间e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。12Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用. 13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。 make a reservation 预订14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我们有带浴缸的房间。 with 有或带着 a house with a swimming poola standard room with two single beds15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket. （2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address.17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.三.重点语法动词不定式（1） 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始）（2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.（3） 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station.（4） 本topic出现的句子有：I have some exciting news to tell you. I want to make a hotel reservation.It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1.explore(名词) explore 2. east (形容词) eastern 3.north(形容词) northern 4. push (反义词) pull5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded（二）重点词组:1.make a plan 拟定计划 2. make sure 确信，确保 3. come along with 和一起来 4. at the foot of 在的脚下5. be surprised at 对感到惊奇 6. be satisfied with 对感到满意 7. out of sight 看不见8. step on ones toes 踩着某人的脚 9. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 10. spread over 分布于11.rush out 冲出去 12.raise ones head 抬头 13.ask sb for help 向某人求助 14.thank goodness 谢天谢地二 重点句型及重点语言点1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时， 我正忙于准备考试。(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事Im busy preparing for my birthday party these days.(2)while 当时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could youCould you come along with us ?3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。Two and a half hours = two hours and a half5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。be surprised at 对感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.be surprised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.7.so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ?8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。in ones direction 朝着某人的方向 step on ones toes踩了某人的脚step on sth 踩某物 Dont step on the flowers and grass.9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。as soon as 引导时间状语从句 意为“一就”He left as soon as he heard the news.Ill tell him as soon as I see him.11.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。not until 直到才12.They were so lovely that we couldnt help playing with them.它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldnt help laughing.13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。be satisfied with 对感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.14. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.三.重点语法 时间状语从句1。引导词：（1） when, while , as 当时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while 后跟延续性动词；as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。（2）not until 直到才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。I wont leave here until the rain stops. He didnt sleep until his mother came back home.(3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就I went to sleep after I finished my homework.= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.2. 时态（1）当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。 While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.本topic出现的句子有：1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.2.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name.3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly 3.crossing（动词）cross 介词） across 4. success（动词）succeed (形容词successful 5Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible 9 courage （动词） encourage（二）重点词组:1Slow down 减速 2. run into 撞到 3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事 4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事5. ride into 进入 跻身于 6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事 7. a sharp turn 急转弯 8. be popular with 受的欢迎9. get a fine 处以罚金 10. go on doing sth 继续做某事 11. the way to success 成功之路12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 13.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则 14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事15.be famous for 因闻名 16. be in danger 处于危险中 17.after a while 一会儿二 重点句型及重点语言点1I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。 traffic 是不可数名词2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。3I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。 more confident 是比较级4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事You should avoid making the mistake like that. He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。 Be popular with 受欢迎6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。8.However, his way to success didnt go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在成功I didnt have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。9Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。10It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。 beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medalIt seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎 She always seems to be sad.三.重点语法 条件状语从句1.条件状语从句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。主句 if从句Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时如：I wont go if he doesnt go .We will pass the exam if we study hard.We wont pass the exam unless we study hard.2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如：Hurry up, or youll be late.= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Youll be late unless you hurry up.Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam1.Should建议某人做某事.(情态动词)用来提建议,表示应该的意思.后接动词原形(Should+动词原形.)2.take/have a rest翻译为：好好休息.take/have可以互换.3.Shouldnt=Should not不应该4.see / watch / hear为感官动词.1.后接sb. do sth.表示看 / 听到某人在做某事.表示经常性地或者是习惯性的动作. 看到或听到的这个动作的整个过程.2.后接sb. doing sth.表示看 / 听到某人正在做某事.一般是指看到/听到这个动作正在进行. do/doing用来宾语补足语.5.cherr sb. on 当中sb.用人名或者是人称代词的宾格形式代替. 翻译为:为某人加油 / 喝彩. 7.prefer+名词/动名词/代词/宾语从句/ 13.be good for 对.有益 be bad for 对.有害 14.keep sth./sb. +形容词 使某人/某物保持某一种状态18.be sure+that(从句)/to do sth. 翻译为:确信 19.do sb. a favor / help sb. / give sb. a hand 经常用来表示寻求帮助20.one of +名词复数形式/代词的宾格 翻译为:.中之一如果one of 做主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数21.Would you mind+doing stn.? 做.你介意吗? Would you mind+not+doing stn. 做你不介意吗? 英语中,表示委婉请求的表达方式 回答:接受:1.not at all没问题 2.of course not没问题拒绝:1.Im sorry ,Im afraid youd better not 对不起,恐怕你不能这样做22.need +to do sth. 翻译为:需要做某事23.keep doing sth. 翻译为:继续做某事24.lose the game输了这场比赛25.be angry with sb. 翻译为:生某人的气 with为介词,sb.接人称代词的宾格形式26.have a fight争吵;打架 fight做名词讲27.say sorry to sb. 翻译为:向某人道歉 sb.接名词/人称代词的宾格形式28.with ones help / with the help of sb. 翻译为:在某人的帮助下 29.keep sb. doing sth. 翻译为:使某人一直做某事30.will句型的一般将来时:(will没有人称和数的变化,适用于任何人称)31.be late for来晚了;迟到32.be sorry for+sth./doing sth. 翻译为:为而感到抱歉33.be important to sb. 翻译为:对某人说是重要的34.quite + a bit/a lot 表示频率 后接of用来修饰名词35.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事36.start/begin+to do sth./doing sth. 翻译为:开始做某事37.also用于句中 用于肯定句 Either用于句末 一般用于否定句Too用于句末 一般用于肯定句as well用于句末 一般用于肯定句 全部都表示也的意思38.get 动词, get tired easily中做系动词,后接tired(形容词)做表语.39.build sb. up 翻译为:增强某人的 sb.接人称代词的宾格形式和名词40.have fun doing sth.从中得到乐趣41.have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself 翻译为:玩得愉快,开心42.have fun doing sth. / enjoy doing sth. 翻译为:乐于做某事43.fill out =fill in 填写 fill sb. out 填写 sb.为名词/人称代词的宾格形式44.be with 和相处;和在一起45.be friendly to sb. 翻译为:对某人友好46.make friends with sb. 翻译为:和某人交朋友47.preferto. 翻译为:比起来,更喜欢48.maybe 是副词,表示大概,也许或者可能的意思 在句子中做状语may be may是情态动词,加上be 翻译为:可能是,大概是 在句子中做谓语49.how about/what about+名词/动名词 翻译为:怎么样50.be free 反义 be busy 翻译为:空闲的 繁忙的51.every +基数词+复数名词 翻译为:每52.be fond of +名词/动名词=like +动名词/名词 翻译为:喜欢;乐意做某事1. whats wrong with =whats the matter=whats up?询问对方的情况2. have a cold=catch/get a cold 患感冒3. Why not +动词原形? Why dont you? 两者都是同义句,都用于提建议4.had better+动词原形 翻译为:最好做某事 用于任何人称had better+not+动词原形 翻译为:最好别做某事 没有任何和数的变化.5.take sb./sth.+to+地点 翻译为:带某人/某物去某地6.sth. with sth. 翻译为:加入某物的物品7.too many+可数名词的复数形式too much+不可数名词,用于动词后,修饰动作 much too+形容词/副词8.形容词修饰不定代词:不定代词+形容词10.sick 用于名词前,修饰名词做定语 翻译为:生病 ill 不能做定语 两者都可在句子中做表语11.worry about+人称代词宾格形式/名词 12.bothand做主语,谓语动词用复数13.plenty of=lots of/a lot of=many=much 翻译为:一些,大量的many+可数名词的复数形式 much+不可数名词14.tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事15.give up doing sth. =stop doing sth. 放弃/停止做某事16.enough 翻译为:足够的 用法:做形容词讲时,放在名词前.后做副词讲时,用来修饰动词或者形容词,只能放于所修饰词后.17.talk with/to sb. 和某人洽谈Talk about 谈论关于18.among 表示在三者或三者以上between 表示两者之间,和and搭配 翻译为:在之间19.do ones best 尽(某人)全力,ones 接名词所有格.物主代词20.do some doing sth. 做事21.must句型: (must+主语?)肯定回答:Yes，主语+must.否定回答:1.No,主语+dont/doesnt+have to. 2.No,主语+need not.22.keep away from sth. 翻译为:远离某物23.ring sb. up =call sb.=give sb. a call/ring/phone 翻译为:给某人打电话24.care for sb. 翻译为:照顾某人25.Its+形容词/名词+to do sth. 翻译为:做是的26.teach oneself=learn by oneself 翻译为:自学27.hate+动名词/名词/代词 翻译为:讨厌28.help sb. (to) do sth. 翻译为:帮助某人做某事29.enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 翻译为:过得愉快30.by oneself 翻译为:亲自,自己31.help oneself to+食物 翻译为:请随便吃点32.say to oneself 翻译为:自言自语;心里想