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名词单复数教案、习题1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。 1.1 名词复数的规则变化情况 构成方法 读音 例词一般情况 加 s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 s 读 /iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。1.3 名词复数的不规则变化1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。5. 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词的格英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence名词单复数练习( )1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wages( )2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.A. an ash B. the ash c. ash d. ashes( )3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year.a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation( )4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil ( )5.The room was small and contained far too _.a. much new furniture c. much new furnituresb. many new furniture d. many new furnitures( )6.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers( )7.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself.a great manymany c. mucha great deal b. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many( )8.She didnt know _ he had been given.A. how many information B. how many informations C. the number of information D. how much information( )9.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm( )10.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor( )11.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.a. growns-ups c. growns-up b. grown-up d. grown-ups ( )12.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress( )13.All the people at the conference are _.a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers ( )14.Physics _ with matter and motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are( )15.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends.a. have b. have been c. is d. are( )16.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-law b. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws( )17.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friend b. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks( )18.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a. barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers( )19.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.A Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helen b. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens( )20._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a. The earths surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface ( )21.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend ( )22._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a. A bikes weight c. The weight of a bike b. The weights of a bike d. Biles weight( )23.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of( )24.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats ( )25.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments( )26.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work.a. little improvement c. many improvements b. a little improvement d. few improvements( )27.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier models.a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little( )28.No country can afford to neglect ( 忽视)_.a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education( )29.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _.a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight ( )30.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.a. business student b. businesss students c. business students d. businesss student( )31._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call( )32._ can get a better view of the game than the participants.a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons( )33.One of the most surprising things is that _ may come from petroleum.a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrows foodb. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrows food( )34.Scott is an orphan but he received _.a. very good education c. a very good educationb. very good educations d. many good educations ( )35.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yesterday.a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoess shop d. shoes ( )36.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches ( )37.In Britain the _ are all painted red.a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letterss box ( )38.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done.a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage( ) 39.Our teacher gave me _.a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice( )40.My mother cut the cloth with _ scissors.a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of(3). 可数名词的变化规则：一般规则：1一般在词尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的读音规则：清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清辅音s，如books buks浊辅音后读浊辅音z，如bags bAgz元音音标后面读z，如boys bRizt后读ts,d后读dz 如：catskAts birdsbE:dz2以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，读iz如：busbuses 5bQsiz ;公交车 boxboxes 5bRksiz 盒子watchwatches 5wRtFiz手表 brushbrushes 5brQFiz刷子3以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，读iz；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。如：baby babies 5beibiz 婴儿4以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,读vz 如：wolf wulf 狼wolves5以o结尾的名词加es 的有：hero英雄 tomato西红柿 potato 土豆，其他的以o结尾的名词直接在词尾加s如：zoozoos photophotos(4)名词复数的不规则变化：manmen男人 womanwomen 女人toothteeth 牙齿 foot feet 脚，英尺 goose geese 鹅mouse mice 老鼠 child children 孩子 (5)单复同形的名词有：Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人Sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 fish 鱼注意：fish当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish. 当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es. 如：all kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼 当鱼肉讲时，不可数。 （6）名词修饰名词时的复数情况:a man teacher 一个男老师 two men teachers 两个男老师a woman teacher 一个女老师 two women teachers 两个女老师只有当man和woman 修饰名词时，前后两个名词都变复数。其他的名词修饰名词，只把最后的名词变为复数。如：a girl student 一个女学生two girl students 两个女学生(7)不可数名词的用法：1不可数名词前面不能用a，an来修饰，但可以与the连用，表示特指。2不可数名词不能和具体的数词(one，two，three，等)连用。3不可数名词不能用指示代词this，that，these，those来修饰，但可以用some，much来修饰。例如：some orange一些橘汁 much water许多水常用的不可数名词有三类，液体：water (水) coffee(咖啡) juice(果汁) 等,例如：a cup of water 一杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁肉类meat肉类，beef牛肉，pork猪肉，mutton羊肉等。注意：肉类中chicken 为鸡肉时不可数，为小鸡时可数（keep chickens养鸡）。固定用法:bread 面包；rice 大米，米饭；grass草；glass,当”玻璃”讲不可数: hair 头发当满头白发中的几根黑发时，或满头黑发中的几根白发时可数。weather天气; fun 有趣的事或人;advice建议; information信息,情报4不可数名词“量”的表示方法： 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法： 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。例如：There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水吗？There is too much snow and ice. 冬天有很多的雪和冰。Linda has a lot of books. 琳达有很多书。 用a piece(bottle, glass) of 这类定语表示。例如：a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一片面包a bottle of orange一瓶橘汁 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶如果要表示“两杯茶”，“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea 两杯茶 four pieces of paper 四张纸three glasses of water 三杯水写出下列名词的复数：butterfly sky boy toy wife（妻子） life（生命） knife（小刀）翻译：两个男工人 两个女工人 两个小孩 3个中国人 3条鱼 4只绵羊 5只鹿 6只鹅 7英尺 6颗牙齿 6个女人 7只脚 7个男人 写出下列句子的复数句子： This is my friend. That is his brother. Is this your sister? Is that her cousin? Whats this? This is an apple tree. It is an old backpack. 写出下列单词的复数形式：bird( ) fish-( ) church( ) pencil box( )toy-( ) monkey( ) baby-( ) candy-( ) family-( ) potato-( ) tomato( )翻译：一杯咖啡： 一瓶牛奶： 一杯茶： 给我一些面包： 我喜欢吃米饭： 勿踏草坪(walk, on the grass)： 玩的高兴： 给Sam一些建议吧。 好的/坏的消息： 杯子里有茶吗？ Daisy有很多笔记本。（notebook）一条新闻（news）: 一个意见（advice）: 一瓶墨水（ink）: 两瓶果汁： 三张纸: 四杯水： 两箱书 四篮子鸡蛋 三副眼镜 女医生们 一条裤子 两杯牛奶 十滴红墨水(drop, ink） 一组队员 一块蛋糕 两排大树1、 Its autumn, are falling(降落)down from trees. A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leaves2、There are five under the tree. A. sheep B. sheepes C. ships D. sheeps4 would you like something to drink, Tara? -Yes, Id like some A. sandwiches B. hot dogs C. water D. bread5 The little baby has two already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths6 Help yourself to . A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken7The teachers have two to live in.A. woman; room B. women; rooms C. woman; rooms D. women; room8 They are very thirsty. Will you please give them ?A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. any bottle of milk
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