2012年职称英语卫生类新增完形填空.doc

2012年职称英语卫生类新增完形填空第二篇 Going on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2_and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3_weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4_the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5_behind going on a diet. 6_，diets dont work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7_ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8_ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9_ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10_the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11_of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12_a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13_ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14_. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. Its a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15_clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.词汇：typical / tipik?l /. 典型的，有代表性的calory / k?l?ri / n. 卡路里consume / k?nsju:m / v. 消耗，消费，耗尽 (燃料、能量、时间等)sensible / sens?bl /. 明智的，合情理的，切合实际的consistent / k?nsist?nt /. 一贯的，始终如一的reminder / rimaind? / n. 令人回忆起的东西，提醒的东西accomplish/ ?k?mpli? / v. 完成，实现，做成功注释:1. .diets dont work for most people . . . :节食并不是对大多数人都奏效2. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can:你可以在看电视的时候骑自行车或者你可以.练习:1. A ticking B beating C running D kicking2. A properly B appropriately C approximately D effectively3. A adds B increases C gains D puts4. A cut off B take down C remove D reduce5. A way B principle C method D kind6. A Similarly B Though C Unfortunately D Although7. A go off B go on C go after D go under8. A getting B measuring C maintaining D reserving9. A preferably B actually C consistently D eventually10. A raise B go up C exceed D grow11. A ways B factors C functions D forms12. A have B do C make D give13. A walk B climb C run D take14. A partner B colleague C associate D friend15. A Tight B Loose C Casual D Formal答案与题解:1. B 从句意来看，本句要说明体内的热量可以使人的心脏跳动，所以答案选择 beating。tick 是发出滴答声或激怒；run 是奔跑 ；kick 是踢。只有 beat 符合句意。2. A 从句意来看，本句要说明体内的热量可以使身体的器官正常运转。Properly 和appropriately 都有合适的，适当的之意，但 properly 可以表达正常的、按照一定的规律 的意思;approximately 是近似地，大约，大概，近乎;effectively有效地。答案选择 A。3. C 选项 A) 、B) 、C) 都有增加的意思，但只有 gain 和 weight 搭配使用，才构成增加体重的意思。文中原意要表达一个人增加了体重。选项 D)put 和 weight 搭配，没有增加体重的意思。4. D 选项 A)cut off 意为切割，剪断等意思;选项 B) take down 为记录、记下;选项 C) remove 为移走、去除;选项 D)reduce 为减少、降低。本句意为唯一的减肥办法就是减少每天的卡路里的消耗量，所以答案选择 D。5. B本句要表达节食的基本原则是上文所述的减少每天卡路里的消耗量。答案 A)way和 C)method 是方式、方法的意思。选项 D) kind 作为名词是类别的意思，不符合题意。答案为 B) principle原则。6. C本句要表达的意思是 遗憾的是，节食对于大多数人的减肥并不奏效。选项 A)Similarly 为相似地;选项 B) Though 为虽然;选项 C) Unfortunately 为遗憾地、不幸地;选项 D)Although 为连词虽然。只有 C 符合句意。7. A本句要表达的意思是他们体重下降了，就放弃节食，结果体重又上升了。选项 A)go off 为离开、消失、中断;选项 B) go on 为继续;选项 C) go after 为追逐、追求;选项D)go under 为沉落、失败。只有 A 符合句意。8. C 本句意为建立一个切实可行的节食和锻炼计划是保持体重的关键。选项 A) getting为获得、得到;选项 B ) measuring 为测量;选项 C) maintaining 为保持、维持;选项D) reserving 为保留、储藏。只有C符合句意。9. B 本句意为你需要计算出你每天需要的和实际摄入的卡路里。选项 A) preferably 为更好地;选项 B) actually实际上;C) consistently 为一贯地;选项 D) eventually 为终于、最后。只有选项 B 符合句意。10. A 本句意为你可以增加运动以增加每天消耗的热量。选项 A) raise 为增加;选项 B)go up 为上升；选项 C)exceed 为超过、超越；选项 D) grow 为生长。只有A符合句意。11. D 本句意为运动图表可以向你展示不同形式的运动所要消耗的热量。选项 A)ways 为方式、方法;选项 B) factors 为因素;选项 C) functions 为功能、职责:选项 D)forms为形式、种类。只有 D 符合句意。12. C 本句意为每天消耗 200 或者 500 卡路里会是不同的。选项 A 、B 和 D 都无法和下文的 difference 搭配构成产生不同。只有选项 C)make 符合句意，表示导致不同。13. B 本句意为你可以选择爬楼梯而不是乘电梯。选项 A)walk 与 stairs 连用可以意为走上/下楼梯;选项 B) climb 与 stairs 连用可以意为爬楼梯;选项 C)run 与 stairs 连用可以意为跑上/下楼梯;选项 D)take 一般不与 stairs 连用。答案为 B。14. A 本句意为找个一起锻炼的伙伴。选项 A) partner 为伙伴、同伴;选项 B ) colleague为同事、同行;选项 C ) associate 为合作者;选项 D) friend 为朋友。选项 A 符合句 意。15. A 本句承接上文提到的 firm-fitting ，要表达紧身衣可以像一个提醒者一样提醒你要尽力达到的目标。选项 A)Tight 为紧身的、紧贴的;选项 B) Loose宽松的、不受约束的;选项 C) Casual随便的，非正式的;选项 D)Formal 为正式的。选项 A 符合句意。第十二篇 Dreams Everyone can dreamIndeed, everyone does dreamThose who 1 that they never dream at all actually dream 2 as frequently as the rest of us, 3 they may not remember anything about itEven those of us who are perfectly 4 of dreaming night 5 night very seldom remember those dreams in 6 detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our 7 , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and tasteOne of the worlds oldest 8 written documents is the Egyptian Book of DreamsThis volume is about five thousand years old, so you can 9 that dreams were believed to have a special significance even thenMany ancient civilizations believed that you 10 never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return 11 time if the sleeper were suddenly 12 .From ancient times to the present 13 ,people have been 14 attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significanceThere are many books available on the subject of dream interpretationalthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream 15 there are books词汇：Frequently / fri:kwntli/ adv. 时常，屡次；频繁地，经常地Significance/ significance / n. 重要性，意义 civilization / ,sivilaizein, / n. 文明，文化interpret / int:prit / vt. 解释，说明 口译interpretation / in,t:pritein / n. 解释，口译seldom/ seldm / adv. 很少，不常retain/ ritein / vt. 保持；雇；记住 注释:1. . . . very seldom remember those dreams in detail but merely retain an untidy mixture. . but. 不而是2. From ancient times to the present.从古至今练习：1.A demand B promise C agree D claim2.A also B just C only D quite3.A though B besides C however D despite4.A familiar B accustomed C aware D used5.A after B on C through D over6.A great B high C strong D deep7.A feelings B emotions C impressions D senses8.A considered B known C regarded D stimated9.A see B feel C ensure D think10.A would B ought C should D need11.A by B in C with D for12.A awoke B awoken C awake D awaken13.A minute B hour C moment D day14.A doing B putting C making D taking15.A as B like C so D such答案与题解:1. D 这里是一个复合从句，缺的部分是带后边宾语从句的一个谓语成分。根据后边宾语从句的内容never dream at all ，可以判断此处应该是 claim ，声称。demand ，promise ，agree 都有后边的语义不符。-2. Bas frequently as 已经表达了同样的意思，所以 also 不符合这一空。quite 不能用来修饰 as. . . as 这样的词组，而根据上下午的语境，这里应该是刚好，恰恰”所以最佳答案是Just 。3. A 根据上下文的语-境，可以判断出这一空所衔接的前后两个句子有转折的关系，而且后一 句为条件，despite 与 though 都可以表示.虽然，尽管的意思，但是 despite 是做介词是才有虽然，尽管的意思，此处缺的是一个连接词，所以只能用 though. .4. C 这四个选项中，只有 aware 可以与 of 搭配，策示意识到，accustomed 通常与 to 搭配，表示习惯于，同样 used to 也表示习惯于。而 familiar 通常与 with 搭配，表示对熟悉。 从语义与搭配两个层面来看，最合适的都是 aware.5. A night after night 一夜又一夜，固定搭配。同样的结构还有 year after year ，day after day，week after week。相似的结构有 day by day ，逐日，一天天;year by year ，逐年，一年年.6. A 此处是在 in detail 这一表达当中增加了一个形容词，来表示细致的程度。high 表示高度的变化，strong 是强度，deep 是深度，用来表示细致都不合适。所以应该用 great ，in great detail ，表示细致入微，描述得淋漓尽致。7. D从前边的 visual ，以及后边的 sound ，touch ，smell ，taste 这些可以看出，这里指的是人所有的各种感官的感觉。感官叫做 sense organ ，所以这种种的感觉通常都用 sense 来表示。8. B 根据上下文，可以发现此处是在描述一个事实。因此首先排除 estimated估计，而这 本最古老的书是已经被认定过7的，所以 regard ，consider 都不合适，因此，最佳答案应该是 known ，目前所知的。9. A 此处是通过从前文所描述的这样一个事实，可以让我们认识到这个空后边所表达的内容。因此不是 feel ，think. 也不是让我们确认，而只是发现，所以也不是 ensured ，而应该是see。10. C 根据上下文的语境，可以判断出此处表达的是不能，不应叫醒睡梦中的人。首先排除 need ，另外 ought 通常跟 to 一块使用，所以也不可能。而 would 更 should 两者相比，后者的 程度更深，更符合这个语境。11. B 此处应该是及时的意思，in time ，固定搭配。12. B 此处考察的是被动语态，与动词 awake 的变形。这里是被叫醒，所以 A 和 C 都排除了， 表示被动态而且形式又正确的应该是 B awoken.13. D 这里表达的是从古到今的意思，通常都用笼统一些的概念，minute ，moment 表示的比较具体。所以用 day 比较合适。14. C 此处所表达的是人类一直在尝试，尝试，试图通常直接用 attempt to，或者用 make attempts to ，固定搭配。15. Aas. . as 句式，这里所表达的前后一样是指书的数目，与书中对梦解释的数目的一致性。*第八篇 Old And ActiveIt is wellknown that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A 1 report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the worldA healthy long life is the result of 2 in social environment.Scientists are trying to work 3 exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be 4 from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we 5 any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret 6 in the Japanese diet that is particularly 7 to the human body?Another factor 8 to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrateAlthough longer life should be celebrated, it is 9 considered a social problemThe number of older people had 10 in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costsThe country could soon be 11 an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked 12 and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them 13 the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a 14 of responsibility and mission in life. Its important that the elderly play active 15 in the society and live in harmony with all generations.词汇:expectancy / ikspektnsi,-tns/ 期望, 预期 life expectancy 预期寿命, 平均寿命 health expectancy 预期健康寿命elderly /eldli / n. 年长者, 老年人 adj. 上了年纪的, 稍老的population aging人口老龄化decline / diklain / n.下降, 衰落 vi. 下降, 衰 退pension / penn / n. 退休金, 养老金, 津贴retirement / ritaimnt / n. 退休, 退役responsibility / ri.spnsbiliti / n. 责任, 职 责, 义务注释:1. A healthy long life is the result of . . .健康长寿是的结果。2. . . could be one solution to the problem. 是解决问题的可能方法之一。练习：1A late B recent C contemporary D new2A increase B progress C growth D improvement3A for B out C in D off4A learnt B gathered C understood D gained5A do B make C set D give6A ingredient B component C portion D helping7A helpful B supportive C advantageous D beneficial8A contributing B helping C resulting D causing9A therefore B actually C even D however10A reduced B added C doubled D multiplied11A facing B meeting C adopting D encountering12A for B after C over D 0ut13A Putting B Moving C Rising D Raising14A sense B sentiment C feeling D characteristic15A roles B posts C positions D parts答案与题解:1. B 根据上下文, 可以判断出此处应该是近期的或最新的 , late 通常不用来表示最近, latest 倒是可以表示最新的 , contemporary 表示当代的, 此处不符合。而 new 是新 的, 放在此处也不合适, 所以只有 recent 最合适。2. D 根据上下文, 此处所填的一个名词是作为 social environment 的一个补充, 用来表示社会 环境的某种变化, increase 是上升, 增加的意思, progress 表示进步 , growth 则是生长, 增长 , improvement改进, 改善。显然, 社会环境本身不会增长或进步, 所以最合适的说 法是 the improvement in social environment.3. B 这里考察的是 work 与介词搭配的用法, 根据上下文意思, 可以判断此处是要表达找出 答案, 解决问题的意思。而 work for 是为工作, work in 表示在工作, work off 则 是排除, 清理的意思, 因此正确的答案应该是 work out.4. A首先, 从搭配的层次来看, understand 和 gain 通常都不与 from 搭配, 所以只剩下 learnt与 gathered , gather from 是从收集, 搜集, 而在这里, 结合上下文的意思, 应该是从日本人的生活习惯中学到什么, 所以 learn from 最合适。5. B这里要表达的是做出改变, make change 是固定搭配, 所以应该选择 B。6. A 根据句子结构来看, 这里缺少的是一个名词, 所以首先排除 D。再看 A 、B 、C 三个选项, 这三个词都可以表示部分, 要素, 成分的意思, 但是 ingredient 通常用来表示原料, 成分, component 通常表示文章, 学术观点或者电子产品中的部分或组件, 而 portion 更多的是表示数量上的一部分, 此处是饮食, 食物中的原料, 成分, 因此最佳答案应该是 ingredient。7. D 根据上下文可以判断, 此处需要的是有利的, 有益的。从词义来看, 除 supportive 外, 其余三个选项都可, 但是 helpful 相对要弱一些, beneficial 侧重对健康、身心或事业有益。advantageous 多指能直接导致相对优势或有助于达到目的的事。结合此处的语境, 应选择beneficial , 对人体有益。8. A 此处是一个动名词与 to 搭配的结构, 用来表达引起, 导致, 促成这样的意思, 从语义 与搭配两个层面来考虑, 首先排除 help. Cause 如果与 to 搭配, 通常是 cause sb. to do sth. 或者 sth. cause damage to sth , result to 则通常表示反应的意思, result in 才表示导致, 引起, 所以最佳选择是 contribute to , 促成, 为出力。9. B 这里前半句由 although 引导的条件状语从句, 已经体现了转折关系, 因此排除 therefore与 however, 而根据前后的语义与语境, 并无递进或进一步加深的关系, 因此也不用 even , 所以最佳答案为 actually , 虽然长寿是一件值得庆祝的事情, 但是他实际上也是一个社会问题。10. C 根据上下文可以判断, 这里的老年人口肯定是增长的。所以首先排除 reduce , add 通常 做及物用法, 此处也不合适, 而 multiply 有相乘, 繁殖的意思, 放在此处也不合适, 结合日本的实际, 此处最佳答案应该为 double , 老年人口数目翻倍。11. A 即将面临经济危机, face a problem 为固定搭配, 通常表达面对、面临什么问题。12. B 这里考察的是 look 和一些介词搭配的意义。根据上下文意思, 此处应该是照顾, 照 料, 所以是 look after 0 Look for 是寻找 , look over 检查, 从上边看 , look out小心, 注意。13. D 这里表达的是退休年龄从 65 岁到 70 岁这样的一个调整, 所以应该是上调, 只有 rise 与raise 能表达上升的意思, 而 rise 通常做不及物用法, 所以用 raise , 表示人为地上调。14. A 此处是指工作可以带给老人的一些体验, characteristic 首先可以排除掉, sentiment 和 feeling 都能表示情感和情绪, sense 表示感觉, 且 sense 通常和 responsibility 这类的词搭配, 比如 sense of humor, 幽默感, 这里需要的是责任感与使命感, 所以 sense 更好。15. A 老年人在社会中扮演的角色, 通常我们都用 play roles in 这一固定搭配。+第十四篇 A Health ProfileA Health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your healthTo draw your health profile，you will 1 what diseases run in your family，what health hazards you may be exposed to 2 work,ow your daily 3 compares to the recommended standards，how nluch time per week you 4 exercising and what type of exercise you engage 5 ,how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and 6 or not you have any one of a number of addictions. 7 this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart， and lungs are functioning.This checkup will serve 8 a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests9 this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting health priorities based 10 your particular portraitFor example，if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress 11 ,are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends， you should quit smoking first，followed 12 losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of your job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giveing some 13 to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer，and then heart disease Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is 14 excellent healtha good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will 15 him in the future练习：1.A know B have known C need know D need to know2.A with B in C on D at3.A diet B meals C food D dinner4.A use B devote C spend D take5.A on B in C with D about6.A if B whether C either D neither7.A To complete B Completing C Completion D To be completed8.A as B for C on D about9.A Unless B Once C If D Although10.A around B with C about D 0n11.A work B task C job D place12.A on B with C after D by13.A thought B idea C thinking D talk14.A for B in C with D on15.A reap B harvest C benefit D lead+第十五篇Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these _l_ are rising all the time. What has brought _2_ these changes? When we look at the life_3_of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest_4_of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often _3_ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the_6_world these diseases are far_7_today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of_8_have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which_9_bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations_l0_common diseases._11_, peoples general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but_l2_people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those_l3_by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect_l4_people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity_l5_more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages. The killers today can be classed as lifestyle diseases，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.词汇：Expectancy n预期Acute aaj(疾病)急性的Infectious adj传染性的Smallpox n.天花Sanitation n环境卫生Hygiene n个人卫生Antibiotic n抗生素Bacterial adj细菌性的Vaccination n种痘，接种Preserve vt保藏，防止(食物)腐烂Nutrition n营养Chronic aaj(疾病)慢性的Stroke n中风Virus n病毒Influenza n流行性感冒Trend n趋势，倾向Obesity n肥胖Diabetes n糖尿病Halt vt使停止注释：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏综合症练习： ，1 A ages B years C lives D countries2 A in B about C to D with3 A length B time C duration D span4 A people B killers C invention D nation5 A more B less C high D highly6 A developed B less developed C undeveloped D developing7 A more deadly B deadly C 1ess deadly D fatal8 A improvements B factors C jobs D measures9 A makes B causes C make D from10 A against B for C to D cause11 A And B Therefore C In addition D Nevertheless12 A when B yet C however